Pub Date : 2021-09-29DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.7.70931
V. Lazarenko, S. Ivanov, T. Pankrusheva, I. Ivanov, E. G. Ob’edkov, G. N. Goryainova, Lyubov A. Kopteva, M. Chekmareva, I. A. Ivanova, Natalya Ju. Ob’edkova
Introduction: Applying a coating on hernia endoprosthesis prevents recurrent anterior abdominal wall hernias, reduces inflammatory response and stimulates reparative processes in the area of its implantation. The aim of investigation was to study the effect of Solcoseryl and Vitamin C in a collagen-stimulating coating of hernioendoprosthesis on a morphological picture in anterior abdominal wall plastic surgery. Materials and methods: The study was performed on 180 laboratory mice divided into three groups of 60 animals each: the first group animals were implanted with polypropylene endoprostheses without a collagen-stimulating coating, the second group animals – polypropylene endoprostheses with a collagen-stimulating coating with Vitamin C, and the third group animals – polypropylene endoprostheses with a collagen-stimulating coating with Solcoseryl. The laboratory animals were withdrawn from the experiment on the 10th, 30th, 60th, and 90th days. The excised sections of the abdominal wall were stained with G+E to determine the nature of inflammation and the number of cell elements. Results and discussion: When using endoprostheses with a collagen-stimulating coating, the stages of inflammatory process proceeded more quickly, which was confirmed by a reliable (р ≤ 0.05) decrease in the number of neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes at all stages of the study. By the 90th day of the experiment, the number of fibroblasts in the control group was by 22.64% less than in the study groups with a coating. Conclusion: A cytological and histological analysis in the control group determined a consistent decrease in an exudative phase of inflammatory reaction. When using endoprosthesis with coatings, its acceleration and lower intensity was noted throughout the study. In the group with Solcoseryl, the formation of a dense connective capsule around the endoprosthesis indicates its quality and better adaptation of the endoprosthesis in body tissues.
{"title":"Studying the influence of Solcoseryl drug and vitamin C on the inflammatory reaction and proliferation of fibroblastic cells in the filed of polypropylene endoprosthesis implantation","authors":"V. Lazarenko, S. Ivanov, T. Pankrusheva, I. Ivanov, E. G. Ob’edkov, G. N. Goryainova, Lyubov A. Kopteva, M. Chekmareva, I. A. Ivanova, Natalya Ju. Ob’edkova","doi":"10.3897/rrpharmacology.7.70931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/rrpharmacology.7.70931","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Applying a coating on hernia endoprosthesis prevents recurrent anterior abdominal wall hernias, reduces inflammatory response and stimulates reparative processes in the area of its implantation. The aim of investigation was to study the effect of Solcoseryl and Vitamin C in a collagen-stimulating coating of hernioendoprosthesis on a morphological picture in anterior abdominal wall plastic surgery.\u0000 Materials and methods: The study was performed on 180 laboratory mice divided into three groups of 60 animals each: the first group animals were implanted with polypropylene endoprostheses without a collagen-stimulating coating, the second group animals – polypropylene endoprostheses with a collagen-stimulating coating with Vitamin C, and the third group animals – polypropylene endoprostheses with a collagen-stimulating coating with Solcoseryl. The laboratory animals were withdrawn from the experiment on the 10th, 30th, 60th, and 90th days. The excised sections of the abdominal wall were stained with G+E to determine the nature of inflammation and the number of cell elements.\u0000 Results and discussion: When using endoprostheses with a collagen-stimulating coating, the stages of inflammatory process proceeded more quickly, which was confirmed by a reliable (р ≤ 0.05) decrease in the number of neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes at all stages of the study. By the 90th day of the experiment, the number of fibroblasts in the control group was by 22.64% less than in the study groups with a coating.\u0000 Conclusion: A cytological and histological analysis in the control group determined a consistent decrease in an exudative phase of inflammatory reaction. When using endoprosthesis with coatings, its acceleration and lower intensity was noted throughout the study. In the group with Solcoseryl, the formation of a dense connective capsule around the endoprosthesis indicates its quality and better adaptation of the endoprosthesis in body tissues.","PeriodicalId":21030,"journal":{"name":"Research Results in Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46283741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-29DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.7.70242
E. S. Karpushkina, O. Zhdanova, G. A. Batishcheva, Yulia A. Petukhova
Introduction: Acute poisoning by nasal decongestants is an important issue in pediatrics due to physiological and anatomical characteristics of the child’s body and pharmacokinetics of drugs in early childhood. Epidemiology: The number of poisonings by this group of drugs ranged from 4% to 39% during the period from 2000 to 2018. All the studies reported that the most severe degree of intoxication was observed in children aged 1–3 years. Mechanism of action of nasal decongestants: The peculiarity of selective alpha2-adrenergic agonists is that when taken orally, misused or overdosed, they lose their selectivity for the target receptor. As a result, the drug causes acute poisoning and most often this effect occurs in children and adolescents. Clinical features and diagnostic criteria: Clinical signs of acute poisoning can appear both as a result of an overdose of the nasal decongestants and due to a therapeutic use of the drug according to the instruction. The symptoms are manifested by hypothermia, skin pallor, bradycardia, arterial hypotension, profuse sweating, and acrocyanosis. Imidazoline receptors and new opportunities: It is assumed that toxic effect of topical decongestants occurs not only by activation of alpha2-adrenergic receptors, but also through their influence on the selective imidazoline receptors. Based on the structure of these drugs, it is assumed that imidazoline receptors are the primary binding site for these drugs. Conclusion: Understanding the described mechanisms of alpha2-adrenergic agonist action and peculiarities of the child’s symptoms in acute poisoning is necessary for the timely diagnosis and selection of the correct treatment strategy.
{"title":"Pathogenetic features of acute naphazoline poisoning in children","authors":"E. S. Karpushkina, O. Zhdanova, G. A. Batishcheva, Yulia A. Petukhova","doi":"10.3897/rrpharmacology.7.70242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/rrpharmacology.7.70242","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Acute poisoning by nasal decongestants is an important issue in pediatrics due to physiological and anatomical characteristics of the child’s body and pharmacokinetics of drugs in early childhood.\u0000 Epidemiology: The number of poisonings by this group of drugs ranged from 4% to 39% during the period from 2000 to 2018. All the studies reported that the most severe degree of intoxication was observed in children aged 1–3 years.\u0000 Mechanism of action of nasal decongestants: The peculiarity of selective alpha2-adrenergic agonists is that when taken orally, misused or overdosed, they lose their selectivity for the target receptor. As a result, the drug causes acute poisoning and most often this effect occurs in children and adolescents.\u0000 Clinical features and diagnostic criteria: Clinical signs of acute poisoning can appear both as a result of an overdose of the nasal decongestants and due to a therapeutic use of the drug according to the instruction. The symptoms are manifested by hypothermia, skin pallor, bradycardia, arterial hypotension, profuse sweating, and acrocyanosis.\u0000 Imidazoline receptors and new opportunities: It is assumed that toxic effect of topical decongestants occurs not only by activation of alpha2-adrenergic receptors, but also through their influence on the selective imidazoline receptors. Based on the structure of these drugs, it is assumed that imidazoline receptors are the primary binding site for these drugs.\u0000 Conclusion: Understanding the described mechanisms of alpha2-adrenergic agonist action and peculiarities of the child’s symptoms in acute poisoning is necessary for the timely diagnosis and selection of the correct treatment strategy.","PeriodicalId":21030,"journal":{"name":"Research Results in Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48553591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-24DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.7.75337
P. Galenko-Yaroshevsky, A. Nechepurenko, T. Pokrovskaya, Nikolai L. Shimonovsky, A. Dukhanin, K. F. Suzdalev, P.D. Maslova, Natalia M. Makhnova, Vadim V. Shneivais, V. Abushkevich, A. Zelenskaya, Valeria V. Seletskaya, Saida K. Ahedzhak-Naguse, K. Korotkov
Introduction: Cardiac pacing is indicated for sick sinus syndrome. It is performed with a pacemaker via electrodes implanted in the heart. This technique has several disadvantages. The search for alternative methods of cardiac pacing is underway. One of them is control of heart rhythm through stimulation of the tragus. Objective: To perform the reflex stimulation of the sinoatrial node and to study the influence of the SS-68 substance on it. Materials and methods: Two electrodes were fixed in the reflexogenic zone of rabbits’ auricles, volleys of electrical impulses from an electrical stimulator were applied to the electrodes, and the synchronization range of volley frequency and cardiac contractions was recorded. This range was re-recorded again after injecting the SS-68 substance (2-phenyl-1-(3-pyrrolidine-1-cyclopropyl)-1H-indole hydrochloride) intravenously at a dose of 50 µg/kg. In other experiments on frogs in a high-frequency electromagnetic field, the process of excitation of the area of the medulla oblongata associated with the heart rhythm was visualized. After the application of SS-68 (50 μM) to the surface of this zone, the process of its excitation was recorded. Results and discussion: Stimulation of the auricular reflexogenic zone of rabbits produced a synchronization of volley frequency and heart rate in the range from 173.5 ± 2.0 to 214.0 ± 1.8 per minute. SS-68 extended this range from 168.2 ± 1.9 to 219.4 ± 1.5 per minute. In the frog’s medulla oblongata, an area synchronous to the heart rhythm glowed in the high-frequency electromagnetic field. SS-68 increased the area of glow by 131.0%. Conclusion: The substance SS-68 increases the frequency range of heart rhythm control by activating reflex stimulation of the sinoatrial node. The main point of application of SS-68 is the medulla oblongata. Glow in the high-frequency electromagnetic field reflects the process of neuron excitation. The increase in the glow zone under the influence of SS-68 indicates synchronously excited neurons, which leads to the assimilation of the central heart rhythm generation by the sinoatrial node.
{"title":"Role of indole derivative SS-68 in increasing the frequency range of cardiac rhythm control (reflex stimulation of the sinoatrial node)","authors":"P. Galenko-Yaroshevsky, A. Nechepurenko, T. Pokrovskaya, Nikolai L. Shimonovsky, A. Dukhanin, K. F. Suzdalev, P.D. Maslova, Natalia M. Makhnova, Vadim V. Shneivais, V. Abushkevich, A. Zelenskaya, Valeria V. Seletskaya, Saida K. Ahedzhak-Naguse, K. Korotkov","doi":"10.3897/rrpharmacology.7.75337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/rrpharmacology.7.75337","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cardiac pacing is indicated for sick sinus syndrome. It is performed with a pacemaker via electrodes implanted in the heart. This technique has several disadvantages. The search for alternative methods of cardiac pacing is underway. One of them is control of heart rhythm through stimulation of the tragus.\u0000 Objective: To perform the reflex stimulation of the sinoatrial node and to study the influence of the SS-68 substance on it.\u0000 Materials and methods: Two electrodes were fixed in the reflexogenic zone of rabbits’ auricles, volleys of electrical impulses from an electrical stimulator were applied to the electrodes, and the synchronization range of volley frequency and cardiac contractions was recorded. This range was re-recorded again after injecting the SS-68 substance (2-phenyl-1-(3-pyrrolidine-1-cyclopropyl)-1H-indole hydrochloride) intravenously at a dose of 50 µg/kg. In other experiments on frogs in a high-frequency electromagnetic field, the process of excitation of the area of the medulla oblongata associated with the heart rhythm was visualized. After the application of SS-68 (50 μM) to the surface of this zone, the process of its excitation was recorded.\u0000 Results and discussion: Stimulation of the auricular reflexogenic zone of rabbits produced a synchronization of volley frequency and heart rate in the range from 173.5 ± 2.0 to 214.0 ± 1.8 per minute. SS-68 extended this range from 168.2 ± 1.9 to 219.4 ± 1.5 per minute. In the frog’s medulla oblongata, an area synchronous to the heart rhythm glowed in the high-frequency electromagnetic field. SS-68 increased the area of glow by 131.0%.\u0000 Conclusion: The substance SS-68 increases the frequency range of heart rhythm control by activating reflex stimulation of the sinoatrial node. The main point of application of SS-68 is the medulla oblongata. Glow in the high-frequency electromagnetic field reflects the process of neuron excitation. The increase in the glow zone under the influence of SS-68 indicates synchronously excited neurons, which leads to the assimilation of the central heart rhythm generation by the sinoatrial node.","PeriodicalId":21030,"journal":{"name":"Research Results in Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46975421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-21DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.7.68560
I. Nikitina, G. G. Gaisina
Introduction: Due to severe burden of depressive disorders and a low rate of remission in patients receiving antidepressant therapy, there is an urgent need for developing novel agents with antidepressant action and a fundamentally new mechanism of action. 3-ethoxythietane-1,1-dioxide (N-199/1) is a new molecule that showed significant antidepressant properties when administered intraperitoneally once or repeatedly. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of action of N-199/1, using reserpine test. Materials and methods: N-199/1 (2 mg/kg and 4.86 mg/kg) and the reference drugs (imipramine and fluoxetine) were administered once intraperitoneally to outbred male mice 4 h (Experiment 1) and 18 h (Experiment 2) after a single intraperitoneal injection of reserpine (2.5 mg/kg). The severity of reserpine-induced symptoms (hypothermia, ptosis and akinesia) was assessed. Results and discussion: N-199/1 potentiated reserpine-induced hypothermia at both doses and reduced ptosis at a dose of 2 mg/kg when administered 4 h after reserpine. N-199/1 increased the duration of reserpine akinesia at a dose of 2 mg/kg when administered 18 h after reserpine and at a dose of 4.86 mg/kg when administered 4 h after reserpine. The effect of N-199/1 resembled the effect of fluoxetine and was dose-dependent. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, it can be assumed that the antidepressant action of N-199/1 is due to its serotonin-positive properties, and probably the blockade of serotonin 5HT2A/2C receptors and/or α2-adrenergic receptors. The effect of N-199/1 is dose-dependent and resembles the effect of fluoxetine. Graphical abstract:
{"title":"Neuropharmacological characteristics of antidepressant action of a new 3-substituted thietane-1,1-dioxide derivative","authors":"I. Nikitina, G. G. Gaisina","doi":"10.3897/rrpharmacology.7.68560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/rrpharmacology.7.68560","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Due to severe burden of depressive disorders and a low rate of remission in patients receiving antidepressant therapy, there is an urgent need for developing novel agents with antidepressant action and a fundamentally new mechanism of action. 3-ethoxythietane-1,1-dioxide (N-199/1) is a new molecule that showed significant antidepressant properties when administered intraperitoneally once or repeatedly. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of action of N-199/1, using reserpine test.\u0000 Materials and methods: N-199/1 (2 mg/kg and 4.86 mg/kg) and the reference drugs (imipramine and fluoxetine) were administered once intraperitoneally to outbred male mice 4 h (Experiment 1) and 18 h (Experiment 2) after a single intraperitoneal injection of reserpine (2.5 mg/kg). The severity of reserpine-induced symptoms (hypothermia, ptosis and akinesia) was assessed.\u0000 Results and discussion: N-199/1 potentiated reserpine-induced hypothermia at both doses and reduced ptosis at a dose of 2 mg/kg when administered 4 h after reserpine. N-199/1 increased the duration of reserpine akinesia at a dose of 2 mg/kg when administered 18 h after reserpine and at a dose of 4.86 mg/kg when administered 4 h after reserpine. The effect of N-199/1 resembled the effect of fluoxetine and was dose-dependent.\u0000 Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, it can be assumed that the antidepressant action of N-199/1 is due to its serotonin-positive properties, and probably the blockade of serotonin 5HT2A/2C receptors and/or α2-adrenergic receptors. The effect of N-199/1 is dose-dependent and resembles the effect of fluoxetine.\u0000 Graphical abstract:\u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":21030,"journal":{"name":"Research Results in Pharmacology","volume":"28 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41303515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-21DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.7.68025
A. Spasov, O. Grechko, N. Eliseeva, Yuliya V. Lifanova, Angelina N. Aleksandrenkova
Introduction: Adjuvant medications can be used to increase the analgesic effect of opioid analgesics, reduce the manifestation of side effects, and also for premedication. This paper provides information on the effect of clonidine, haloperidol, metocloparmide, diazepam, midazolam on opioid analgesics: - morphine and the selective kappa-opioid agonist compound RU-1205. Materials and methods: A probable interaction between RU-1205, morphine and adjuvant drugs in pain behaviors was carried out on the model of somatogenic pain. 95 male mice received either RU-1205 (5 mg/kg, i.p.) and morphine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) separately or in combination with haloperidol (0.45 mg/kg, i.p.); midazolam (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.); diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.); metoclopramide (5 mg/kg, i.p.), and clonidine (1 mg/kg, i.p.). The analgesic effect was assessed by tail flick test. Registration of the latent period of the reaction was carried out 30, 60 and 90 minutes after the adjuvant drug administration. Results: When studying the interaction with morphine, it was found that clonidine, haloperidol and metoclopramide enhanced the effects; diazepam offset them, and midazolam had no affect on the analgesic properties. In the course of the studies, RU-1205 showed an increase in analgesic activity when combined with clonidine, a slight increase with midazolam, and a decrease when co-administered with diazepam. Haloperidol had no influence on the effect of RU-1205, while metoclopramide both potentiated and reduced the analgesic effect. Discussion: Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions of RU-1205 with an α2AR agonist, benzodiazepine receptor agonists, D2P antagonist, and σ-receptor blocker were established. Conclusion: The presented data make it possible to more accurately formulate ideas about the localization and action mechanism of the kappa-agonist of opioid receptors, the compound RU-1205.
{"title":"Effect of adjuvant drugs on the analgesic activity of opioid morphine analgesics and compound RU-1205","authors":"A. Spasov, O. Grechko, N. Eliseeva, Yuliya V. Lifanova, Angelina N. Aleksandrenkova","doi":"10.3897/rrpharmacology.7.68025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/rrpharmacology.7.68025","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Adjuvant medications can be used to increase the analgesic effect of opioid analgesics, reduce the manifestation of side effects, and also for premedication. This paper provides information on the effect of clonidine, haloperidol, metocloparmide, diazepam, midazolam on opioid analgesics: - morphine and the selective kappa-opioid agonist compound RU-1205.\u0000 Materials and methods: A probable interaction between RU-1205, morphine and adjuvant drugs in pain behaviors was carried out on the model of somatogenic pain. 95 male mice received either RU-1205 (5 mg/kg, i.p.) and morphine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) separately or in combination with haloperidol (0.45 mg/kg, i.p.); midazolam (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.); diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.); metoclopramide (5 mg/kg, i.p.), and clonidine (1 mg/kg, i.p.). The analgesic effect was assessed by tail flick test. Registration of the latent period of the reaction was carried out 30, 60 and 90 minutes after the adjuvant drug administration.\u0000 Results: When studying the interaction with morphine, it was found that clonidine, haloperidol and metoclopramide enhanced the effects; diazepam offset them, and midazolam had no affect on the analgesic properties. In the course of the studies, RU-1205 showed an increase in analgesic activity when combined with clonidine, a slight increase with midazolam, and a decrease when co-administered with diazepam. Haloperidol had no influence on the effect of RU-1205, while metoclopramide both potentiated and reduced the analgesic effect.\u0000 Discussion: Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions of RU-1205 with an α2AR agonist, benzodiazepine receptor agonists, D2P antagonist, and σ-receptor blocker were established.\u0000 Conclusion: The presented data make it possible to more accurately formulate ideas about the localization and action mechanism of the kappa-agonist of opioid receptors, the compound RU-1205.","PeriodicalId":21030,"journal":{"name":"Research Results in Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41761965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-21DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.7.70974
N. Mirzoyan, N. Khostikyan, V. Meliksetyan, A. Hakobyan, T. S. Gan'shina, M. G. Baghdasaryan, Anna M. Arakelyan, A. Gnezdilova, E. V. Kurza, N. Gretskaya, V. Bezuglov, L. Danielyan, R. Mirzoyan
Introduction: The aim of the study was to compare the neuroprotective and cerebrovascular effects of bioactive, endogenous lipid – N-arachidonoyl-GABA (AA-GABA) and GABA conjugate with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2-GABA) by evaluation of a morphological state of rat brain tissue and lipofuscin levels under the condition of permanent focal brain ischemia, as well as cerebral circulation under the condition of global transient ischemia. Materials and methods: The study has been implemented using the models of the left middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and global transient ischemia of the brain. A morphological examination of the brain tissue, a registration of local blood flow by laser flowmeter, and quantitative measurement of lipofuscin by fluorescence spectroscopy were used. Results and discussion: AA-GABA and the putative COX-2 metabolite PGE2-GABA showed significant neuroprotective and cerebrovascular effects in rat models of global and focal cerebral ischemia. In the MCAO model, AA-GABA and PGE2-GABA at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day administered i.p. for 6 or 12 days led to: 1) significant restoration of neurons and glial cells with intracellular regeneration of cytoplasmic and nuclear structures, 2) decrease in brain tissue edema; 3) attenuated thrombosis and stasis, and 4) absence of large necrotic foci in rat brain tissue. AA-GABA and PGE2-GABA at the same dose prevented excessive accumulation of lipofuscin in both brain hemispheres in rats with MCAO. All the studied compounds increase cerebral blood circulation in rats subjected to global transient ischemia. However, the cerebrovascular effect of PGE2-GABA was superior to the activity of AA-GABA and all other tested compounds. AA-GABA and PGE2-GABA, unlike PGE2 and nimodipine, increase the cerebral blood flow in rats with global transient brain ischemia and have no influence on the intact animals. Apparently, the GABAergic vascular system of the brain is involved in the mechanisms of the neuroprotective action of AA-GABA and PGE2-GABA. Conclusion: For the first time, we demonstrated the ability of AA-GABA and its putative metabolite COX-2 PGE2-GABA to improve cerebral circulation, attenuate structural damage and lipofuscin accumulation during cerebral ischemia. The natural origin of AA-GABA, which possesses neuroprotective and cerebrovascular activity, as well as anti-aggregatory activity, allows considering AA-GABA as one of the endogenous protective factors in ischemic brain lesions. Graphical abstract:
{"title":"Neuroprotective and cerebrovascular effects of endogenous N-Arachidonoyl-GABA and its putative Cox-2 metabolite – GABA conjugate with Prostaglandin E2","authors":"N. Mirzoyan, N. Khostikyan, V. Meliksetyan, A. Hakobyan, T. S. Gan'shina, M. G. Baghdasaryan, Anna M. Arakelyan, A. Gnezdilova, E. V. Kurza, N. Gretskaya, V. Bezuglov, L. Danielyan, R. Mirzoyan","doi":"10.3897/rrpharmacology.7.70974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/rrpharmacology.7.70974","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The aim of the study was to compare the neuroprotective and cerebrovascular effects of bioactive, endogenous lipid – N-arachidonoyl-GABA (AA-GABA) and GABA conjugate with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2-GABA) by evaluation of a morphological state of rat brain tissue and lipofuscin levels under the condition of permanent focal brain ischemia, as well as cerebral circulation under the condition of global transient ischemia.\u0000 Materials and methods: The study has been implemented using the models of the left middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and global transient ischemia of the brain. A morphological examination of the brain tissue, a registration of local blood flow by laser flowmeter, and quantitative measurement of lipofuscin by fluorescence spectroscopy were used.\u0000 Results and discussion: AA-GABA and the putative COX-2 metabolite PGE2-GABA showed significant neuroprotective and cerebrovascular effects in rat models of global and focal cerebral ischemia. In the MCAO model, AA-GABA and PGE2-GABA at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day administered i.p. for 6 or 12 days led to: 1) significant restoration of neurons and glial cells with intracellular regeneration of cytoplasmic and nuclear structures, 2) decrease in brain tissue edema; 3) attenuated thrombosis and stasis, and 4) absence of large necrotic foci in rat brain tissue. AA-GABA and PGE2-GABA at the same dose prevented excessive accumulation of lipofuscin in both brain hemispheres in rats with MCAO. All the studied compounds increase cerebral blood circulation in rats subjected to global transient ischemia. However, the cerebrovascular effect of PGE2-GABA was superior to the activity of AA-GABA and all other tested compounds. AA-GABA and PGE2-GABA, unlike PGE2 and nimodipine, increase the cerebral blood flow in rats with global transient brain ischemia and have no influence on the intact animals. Apparently, the GABAergic vascular system of the brain is involved in the mechanisms of the neuroprotective action of AA-GABA and PGE2-GABA.\u0000 Conclusion: For the first time, we demonstrated the ability of AA-GABA and its putative metabolite COX-2 PGE2-GABA to improve cerebral circulation, attenuate structural damage and lipofuscin accumulation during cerebral ischemia. The natural origin of AA-GABA, which possesses neuroprotective and cerebrovascular activity, as well as anti-aggregatory activity, allows considering AA-GABA as one of the endogenous protective factors in ischemic brain lesions.\u0000 Graphical abstract:\u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":21030,"journal":{"name":"Research Results in Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45749474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-17DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.7.72784
M. Kubekina, Y. Silaeva, A. Bruter, D. Korshunova, L. Ilchuk, Yulia D. Okulova, M. O. Soldatova, E. Seryogina, I. Kolesnik, Polina A. Ukolova, M. Korokin, A. Deykin
Introduction: PolG-alpha is a nuclear-encoded enzyme which provides replication and repair of mitochondrial DNA. D257A mutation of PolG-alpha leads to change in the N-terminal ”proofreading” domain, which deprives the enzyme of 3′-5′ exonuclease activity, resulting in accumulation of mutations in the mitochondrial genome. Materials and methods: Murine zygotes were microinjected with transgene construction carrying mutant murine Polg coding sequence and GFP coding sequence by a loxP-flanked STOP-cassette. Two Cre-activator strains, CMV-Cre (systemic activation) and Tie2-Cre (endothelial activation), were used for activation of the transgene. To confirm the insertion and Cre-dependent activation of the transgene, genotyping and qPCR copy number measurement of mutant Polg were performed, and GFP fluorescence was assessed. Results: Two primary transgenic animals were used as the founders for two lines with copy numbers of transgene ~7 and ~5. After systemic activation, the number of the transgene copies decreases to ~1.0 while endothelial specific activation does not affect the number of transgene copies in tail tissue. Discussion: A murine model with spatial control of mutant Polg expression has been developed. To our knowledge, this is the first transgenic model of tissue-specific mitochondrial dysfunction. Conclusion: Transgenic mice Cre-dependent expressing mutant polymerase-gamma are a novel test-system for studying mitochondrial biology and efficacy of mitoprotective drugs.
{"title":"Transgenic mice Cre-dependently expressing mutant polymerase-gamma: novel test-system for pharmacological study of mitoprotective drugs","authors":"M. Kubekina, Y. Silaeva, A. Bruter, D. Korshunova, L. Ilchuk, Yulia D. Okulova, M. O. Soldatova, E. Seryogina, I. Kolesnik, Polina A. Ukolova, M. Korokin, A. Deykin","doi":"10.3897/rrpharmacology.7.72784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/rrpharmacology.7.72784","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: PolG-alpha is a nuclear-encoded enzyme which provides replication and repair of mitochondrial DNA. D257A mutation of PolG-alpha leads to change in the N-terminal ”proofreading” domain, which deprives the enzyme of 3′-5′ exonuclease activity, resulting in accumulation of mutations in the mitochondrial genome.\u0000 Materials and methods: Murine zygotes were microinjected with transgene construction carrying mutant murine Polg coding sequence and GFP coding sequence by a loxP-flanked STOP-cassette. Two Cre-activator strains, CMV-Cre (systemic activation) and Tie2-Cre (endothelial activation), were used for activation of the transgene. To confirm the insertion and Cre-dependent activation of the transgene, genotyping and qPCR copy number measurement of mutant Polg were performed, and GFP fluorescence was assessed.\u0000 Results: Two primary transgenic animals were used as the founders for two lines with copy numbers of transgene ~7 and ~5. After systemic activation, the number of the transgene copies decreases to ~1.0 while endothelial specific activation does not affect the number of transgene copies in tail tissue.\u0000 Discussion: A murine model with spatial control of mutant Polg expression has been developed. To our knowledge, this is the first transgenic model of tissue-specific mitochondrial dysfunction.\u0000 Conclusion: Transgenic mice Cre-dependent expressing mutant polymerase-gamma are a novel test-system for studying mitochondrial biology and efficacy of mitoprotective drugs.","PeriodicalId":21030,"journal":{"name":"Research Results in Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48983394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-13DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.7.67291
T. Kuropatkina, N. Pankova, N. Medvedeva, Medvedev Os
Introduction: In this research, we evaluate the effect of intravenously administrated solubilized ubiquinol on 4-week monocrotalin-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) in rats. Materials and methods: To reproduce the model, some male Wistar rats were subcutaneously injected with alcohol solution of monocrotaline 60 mg/kg and the rest – with alcohol solution (Control). Those with monocrotaline (MCT) were divided into 3 groups. They underwent intravenous administration of 1% ubiquinol solution 30 mg/kg (MCT-Ubiquinol), the vehicle (MCT-Vehicle) and saline (MCT-saline) three times on days 7, 14 and 21, depending on the group. The hemodynamic parameters were measured in anesthetized rats on day 29. Right ventricle hypertrophy, pulmonary arteries reactivity and expression of miRNA-21 and miRNA-34a were estimated after euthanasia. Results and discussion: All MCT-groups demonstrated an increase in right ventricle systolic pressure and hypertrophy in comparison with the control group. An increase in lung weight was shown in MCT-Vehicle and MCT-Saline; however, the MCT-Ubiquinol indicators did not differ from those of the Control. There was an increased vasodilatation response to acetylcholine at concentrations of 1*10-6M and 1*10-5M in MCT-Ubiquinol in contrast to the other two MCT-groups. A significantly lower level of expression of miRNA-34a was observed in MCT-Ubiquinol. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that a triple ubiquinol injection influences pulmonary changes and endothelium-depended vasodilatation, which contributes to pulmonary vascular tone and reactivity. A decrease in miRNA-34a expression in MCT-Ubiquinol group demonstrates the ubiquinol anti-inflammatory properties.
{"title":"Ubiquinol ameliorates endothelial dysfunction and increases expression of miRNA-34a in a rat model of pulmonary hypertension","authors":"T. Kuropatkina, N. Pankova, N. Medvedeva, Medvedev Os","doi":"10.3897/rrpharmacology.7.67291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/rrpharmacology.7.67291","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In this research, we evaluate the effect of intravenously administrated solubilized ubiquinol on 4-week monocrotalin-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) in rats.\u0000 Materials and methods: To reproduce the model, some male Wistar rats were subcutaneously injected with alcohol solution of monocrotaline 60 mg/kg and the rest – with alcohol solution (Control). Those with monocrotaline (MCT) were divided into 3 groups. They underwent intravenous administration of 1% ubiquinol solution 30 mg/kg (MCT-Ubiquinol), the vehicle (MCT-Vehicle) and saline (MCT-saline) three times on days 7, 14 and 21, depending on the group. The hemodynamic parameters were measured in anesthetized rats on day 29. Right ventricle hypertrophy, pulmonary arteries reactivity and expression of miRNA-21 and miRNA-34a were estimated after euthanasia.\u0000 Results and discussion: All MCT-groups demonstrated an increase in right ventricle systolic pressure and hypertrophy in comparison with the control group. An increase in lung weight was shown in MCT-Vehicle and MCT-Saline; however, the MCT-Ubiquinol indicators did not differ from those of the Control. There was an increased vasodilatation response to acetylcholine at concentrations of 1*10-6M and 1*10-5M in MCT-Ubiquinol in contrast to the other two MCT-groups. A significantly lower level of expression of miRNA-34a was observed in MCT-Ubiquinol.\u0000 Conclusion: Our findings suggest that a triple ubiquinol injection influences pulmonary changes and endothelium-depended vasodilatation, which contributes to pulmonary vascular tone and reactivity. A decrease in miRNA-34a expression in MCT-Ubiquinol group demonstrates the ubiquinol anti-inflammatory properties.","PeriodicalId":21030,"journal":{"name":"Research Results in Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44363064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-09DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.7.68001
V. Yasnetsov, D. E. Kaurova, S. Skachilova, E. Bersenev
Introduction: The search for new drugs for the prevention and treatment of vascular cognitive disorders continues to be a relevant task of pharmacology. In this regard, the aim of this work is to study the antiamnestic effect of five new nicotinic acid derivatives in comparison with the well-known drug mexidol (ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate) in animals. Materials and methods: The experiments were carried out on white male mice using conditioned passive avoidance reflex (CPAR). Electroconvulsive shock (ECS), scopolamine administration, and acute hypoxia in a hermetic chamber were used as amnesic effects. Testing for the safety of CPAR was performed 24 h after amnesic exposure. The new substances, reference drug mexidol, and a 0.9% sodium chloride solution (control group) were administered once intraperitoneally 60 min before mice training. Results and discussion: Three of the five new nicotinic acid derivatives, LKhT 4-19 (100 mg/kg), LKhT 6-19 (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg), and LKhT 7-19 (100 mg/kg), have antiamnestic properties on models of amnesia in mice induced by ESC, scopolamine, and acute hypoxia in a hermetic chamber. At the same time, the most efficient substance – LKhT 6-19 – exceeds the reference drug mexidol on all three models used. In addition, this compound is also more efficient than two other new compounds, LKhT 4-19 and LKhT 7-19, on the model of ESC-induced amnesia and LKhT 7-19 on the scopolamine-induced amnesia model. Conclusion: Compound LKhT 6-19 is promising for further advanced preclinical studies as a potential drug with antiamnestic activity. Graphical abstract:
{"title":"Antiamnestic effect of new nicotinic acid derivatives","authors":"V. Yasnetsov, D. E. Kaurova, S. Skachilova, E. Bersenev","doi":"10.3897/rrpharmacology.7.68001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/rrpharmacology.7.68001","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The search for new drugs for the prevention and treatment of vascular cognitive disorders continues to be a relevant task of pharmacology. In this regard, the aim of this work is to study the antiamnestic effect of five new nicotinic acid derivatives in comparison with the well-known drug mexidol (ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate) in animals.\u0000 Materials and methods: The experiments were carried out on white male mice using conditioned passive avoidance reflex (CPAR). Electroconvulsive shock (ECS), scopolamine administration, and acute hypoxia in a hermetic chamber were used as amnesic effects. Testing for the safety of CPAR was performed 24 h after amnesic exposure. The new substances, reference drug mexidol, and a 0.9% sodium chloride solution (control group) were administered once intraperitoneally 60 min before mice training.\u0000 Results and discussion: Three of the five new nicotinic acid derivatives, LKhT 4-19 (100 mg/kg), LKhT 6-19 (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg), and LKhT 7-19 (100 mg/kg), have antiamnestic properties on models of amnesia in mice induced by ESC, scopolamine, and acute hypoxia in a hermetic chamber. At the same time, the most efficient substance – LKhT 6-19 – exceeds the reference drug mexidol on all three models used. In addition, this compound is also more efficient than two other new compounds, LKhT 4-19 and LKhT 7-19, on the model of ESC-induced amnesia and LKhT 7-19 on the scopolamine-induced amnesia model.\u0000 Conclusion: Compound LKhT 6-19 is promising for further advanced preclinical studies as a potential drug with antiamnestic activity.\u0000 Graphical abstract:\u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":21030,"journal":{"name":"Research Results in Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44357067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-07DOI: 10.3897/RRPHARMACOLOGY.7.67465
O. Bratchikov, I. Tyuzikov, P. A. Dubonos
Introduction: Nutritional supplementation is an integral part of modern pharmacotherapeutic strategies for prostate diseases with different levels of evidence for specific nutrients. Provitamin A (beta-carotene), vitamin A (retinol) and prostate diseases. Their effects have not been sufficiently studied, and the available data are conflicting to recommend them as a nutritional supplement. Vitamin E (tocopherol) and prostate diseases. Its effects have not been sufficiently studied, and the available data are conflicting to recommend it as a nutritional supplement. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and prostate diseases. Its effects have not been sufficiently studied, and the available data are conflicted to recommend it as a nutritional supplement. Vitamin K and prostate diseases. Its effects have not been sufficiently studied, and the available data are conflicted to recommend it as a nutritional supplement. Vitamin D and prostate diseases. The evidence base of the vitamin D prostatotropic effects has been accumulated, which allows us to consider its deficiency replacement as an effective nutritional supplement in prostate diseases. Omega-3 PUFAs and prostate diseases. They have universal physiological effects; however, the evidence base for their recommendation as a nutritional supplement for prostate diseases is still insufficient. Zinc and prostate diseases. Positive effects of zinc on the prostate gland are known for a fact and allow us to recommend it as a nutritional supplement for prostate diseases. Selenium and prostate diseases. The reliably proven positive effects of selenium on the prostate gland allow us to recommend it as a nutritional supplement for prostate diseases. Magnesium and prostate diseases. Its effects have not been sufficiently studied, and the available data are conflicting to recommend it as a nutritional supplement.
{"title":"Nutritional supplementation of the pharmacotherapy of prostate diseases","authors":"O. Bratchikov, I. Tyuzikov, P. A. Dubonos","doi":"10.3897/RRPHARMACOLOGY.7.67465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/RRPHARMACOLOGY.7.67465","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Nutritional supplementation is an integral part of modern pharmacotherapeutic strategies for prostate diseases with different levels of evidence for specific nutrients.\u0000 Provitamin A (beta-carotene), vitamin A (retinol) and prostate diseases. Their effects have not been sufficiently studied, and the available data are conflicting to recommend them as a nutritional supplement.\u0000 Vitamin E (tocopherol) and prostate diseases. Its effects have not been sufficiently studied, and the available data are conflicting to recommend it as a nutritional supplement.\u0000 Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and prostate diseases. Its effects have not been sufficiently studied, and the available data are conflicted to recommend it as a nutritional supplement.\u0000 Vitamin K and prostate diseases. Its effects have not been sufficiently studied, and the available data are conflicted to recommend it as a nutritional supplement.\u0000 Vitamin D and prostate diseases. The evidence base of the vitamin D prostatotropic effects has been accumulated, which allows us to consider its deficiency replacement as an effective nutritional supplement in prostate diseases.\u0000 Omega-3 PUFAs and prostate diseases. They have universal physiological effects; however, the evidence base for their recommendation as a nutritional supplement for prostate diseases is still insufficient.\u0000 Zinc and prostate diseases. Positive effects of zinc on the prostate gland are known for a fact and allow us to recommend it as a nutritional supplement for prostate diseases.\u0000 Selenium and prostate diseases. The reliably proven positive effects of selenium on the prostate gland allow us to recommend it as a nutritional supplement for prostate diseases.\u0000 Magnesium and prostate diseases. Its effects have not been sufficiently studied, and the available data are conflicting to recommend it as a nutritional supplement.","PeriodicalId":21030,"journal":{"name":"Research Results in Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42830952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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