, 1Introduction The increasing interest in outcome-based approaches to assessrnent in language testing (e.g,, Brindley, 1998; McKay, 2000) has heightened the need fbr more research on fair testipg by which more valid inferences can be drawn. Among many variables related to test performance, of panicular interest are the effects of task types (Chapelle. 1998; Kunnan, 2000). Research in this・ area is divided into two approaches, quantitative (i.e., focusing on products, or test scores) and qualitative (i.e., fbcusing on test-taking
{"title":"The effects of task types on listening test performance: A retrospective study","authors":"Yo In’nami","doi":"10.20622/jltaj.8.0_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20622/jltaj.8.0_1","url":null,"abstract":", 1Introduction The increasing interest in outcome-based approaches to assessrnent in language testing (e.g,, Brindley, 1998; McKay, 2000) has heightened the need fbr more research on fair testipg by which more valid inferences can be drawn. Among many variables related to test performance, of panicular interest are the effects of task types (Chapelle. 1998; Kunnan, 2000). Research in this・ area is divided into two approaches, quantitative (i.e., focusing on products, or test scores) and qualitative (i.e., fbcusing on test-taking","PeriodicalId":210679,"journal":{"name":"Default journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114860283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effectiveness of Paired Rating in the Assessment of English Compositions","authors":"Yuji Nakamura","doi":"10.20622/jltaj.5.0_61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20622/jltaj.5.0_61","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":210679,"journal":{"name":"Default journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133930138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1201/9781482268980-43
H. Ishikawa, T. Egawa, T. Jimbo
{"title":"Orange GaInN/GaN Multi-Quantum-Well Light-Emitting Diodes using a Post-Annealing Technique","authors":"H. Ishikawa, T. Egawa, T. Jimbo","doi":"10.1201/9781482268980-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482268980-43","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":210679,"journal":{"name":"Default journal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134573877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-06-13DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVB.64.020402
G. Wijs, R. D. Groot
Spin-electronics requires an electron source with a spin-polarization as high as possible. For this, half-metallic materials seem ideally suited as they exhibit 100% spin polarization. Because of its high Curie temperature and compatibility with existing semiconductor technology, NiMnSb is a most desirable half metal. However, using first-principles calculations we find that NiMnSb surfaces are not half metallic, even if they are stoichiometric and perfectly ordered. Moreover, several surface and interface sensitive experiments have reported polarizations far less than 100%. These findings are easily rationalized, as they result from the symmetry breaking at the surface. We show that it is possible to restore half metallicity at interfaces, by a proper engineering at the microscopic level. Therefore the half metal NiMnSb is, in principle, a suitable source material for 100% spin-polarized charge carriers.
{"title":"Towards 100% spin-polarized charge-injection : The half-metallic NiMnSb/CdS interface","authors":"G. Wijs, R. D. Groot","doi":"10.1103/PHYSREVB.64.020402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PHYSREVB.64.020402","url":null,"abstract":"Spin-electronics requires an electron source with a spin-polarization as high as possible. For this, half-metallic materials seem ideally suited as they exhibit 100% spin polarization. Because of its high Curie temperature and compatibility with existing semiconductor technology, NiMnSb is a most desirable half metal. However, using first-principles calculations we find that NiMnSb surfaces are not half metallic, even if they are stoichiometric and perfectly ordered. Moreover, several surface and interface sensitive experiments have reported polarizations far less than 100%. These findings are easily rationalized, as they result from the symmetry breaking at the surface. We show that it is possible to restore half metallicity at interfaces, by a proper engineering at the microscopic level. Therefore the half metal NiMnSb is, in principle, a suitable source material for 100% spin-polarized charge carriers.","PeriodicalId":210679,"journal":{"name":"Default journal","volume":"618 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133412481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-11-01DOI: 10.1017/s0074180900216318
P. Helbig
I review simultaneous constraints on the cosmological parameters lambda_0 and Omega_0 from gravitational lensing. The emphasis is on systematic extragalactic surveys for strong gravitational lenses, mainly the largest and best-defined such survey, JVAS/CLASS.
{"title":"Constraints in the lambda_0-Omega_0 plane from gravitational lensing","authors":"P. Helbig","doi":"10.1017/s0074180900216318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900216318","url":null,"abstract":"I review simultaneous constraints on the cosmological parameters lambda_0 and Omega_0 from gravitational lensing. The emphasis is on systematic extragalactic surveys for strong gravitational lenses, mainly the largest and best-defined such survey, JVAS/CLASS.","PeriodicalId":210679,"journal":{"name":"Default journal","volume":"26 15","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120909223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1984-04-30DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVLETT.52.1649
E. Goovaerts, H. Raedt, D. Schoemaker
Direct confirmation of the one-dimensional S = ½ XY character of the interactions between the pseudospins of the Pr3+ ions in PrCl3 is obtained through a study of the pseudospin dynamics by means of electronic Raman scattering, with and without a magnetic field. This is concluded from an analytic calculation of the spectral moments and from a numerical finite-chain calculation of the line shapes, both of which are in excellent agreement with the experimental data.
{"title":"Pseudospin Dynamics of the One-Dimensional S = ½ XY System PrCl3 Studied by Electronic Raman Scattering","authors":"E. Goovaerts, H. Raedt, D. Schoemaker","doi":"10.1103/PHYSREVLETT.52.1649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PHYSREVLETT.52.1649","url":null,"abstract":"Direct confirmation of the one-dimensional S = ½ XY character of the interactions between the pseudospins of the Pr3+ ions in PrCl3 is obtained through a study of the pseudospin dynamics by means of electronic Raman scattering, with and without a magnetic field. This is concluded from an analytic calculation of the spectral moments and from a numerical finite-chain calculation of the line shapes, both of which are in excellent agreement with the experimental data.","PeriodicalId":210679,"journal":{"name":"Default journal","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123688941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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