Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2020.49128.1322
S. Sadrzadeh, S. Mousavi, F. Taghizadeh, B. Kakhki, M. Akbarilakeh, Eelnaz Vafadar Moradi
Introduction: The effectiveness of the educational system along with the research development in each country is considered as one of the criteria of development measurement. Methods: This study is a descriptive - cross-sectional study during 2018-2019. The statistical population includes all medical students who have passed the physiopathology degree in the second semester and data collection is done by field method. The instrument of consists of two parts. The first part contains demographic information of the participants and the second part presents standard questionnaire of educational experience include Course Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) and Neumann's Quality of Learning Experience. The data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation, Pearson correlation coefficient, independent T-test and ANOVA were used. Result: In this research, 45.7% were male) n=49), 54.20% female (n=58), 14% married (n=15), 86% single (n=92), 8.41% Have a work (n=9), 91.58% dont have a work (n=98), and finally 55.1% were interested in their field. There was a significant positive correlation between the scores of appropriate teaching (P-value <0.001), clear goals (P-value <0.001), appropriate evaluation (P-value <0.001), independence (P-value<0.001), and general skill (P-value<0.001), with experiences of courses. The strongest correlation with the quality of educational experiences was the appropriate evaluation (0.65). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that in order to achieve the most important goal of medical education, more efforts are needed to improve educational quality.
{"title":"The Relationship Between the Quality of Learning and Educational Experiences of Medical Students During 2018-19","authors":"S. Sadrzadeh, S. Mousavi, F. Taghizadeh, B. Kakhki, M. Akbarilakeh, Eelnaz Vafadar Moradi","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2020.49128.1322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2020.49128.1322","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The effectiveness of the educational system along with the research development in each country is considered as one of the criteria of development measurement. \u0000Methods: This study is a descriptive - cross-sectional study during 2018-2019. The statistical population includes all medical students who have passed the physiopathology degree in the second semester and data collection is done by field method. The instrument of consists of two parts. The first part contains demographic information of the participants and the second part presents standard questionnaire of educational experience include Course Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) and Neumann's Quality of Learning Experience. The data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation, Pearson correlation coefficient, independent T-test and ANOVA were used. \u0000Result: In this research, 45.7% were male) n=49), 54.20% female (n=58), 14% married (n=15), 86% single (n=92), 8.41% Have a work (n=9), 91.58% dont have a work (n=98), and finally 55.1% were interested in their field. There was a significant positive correlation between the scores of appropriate teaching (P-value <0.001), clear goals (P-value <0.001), appropriate evaluation (P-value <0.001), independence (P-value<0.001), and general skill (P-value<0.001), with experiences of courses. The strongest correlation with the quality of educational experiences was the appropriate evaluation (0.65). \u0000Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that in order to achieve the most important goal of medical education, more efforts are needed to improve educational quality.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43326147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2020.46969.1310
A. Yaghoubi, K. Ghazvini, S. Hashemy
Alzheimer's disease is a type of dementia and there were 50 million individuals have dementia in 2018 worldwide and the cost of dementia care to Medicare and Medicaid is so high (about US$1 trillion) in that year. Recently, several articles show that tuberculosis may be increased the development rate of Alzheimer's disease in these patients. So knowing the probable relationship between these two could be helpful. Also, there is evidence demonstrating that the Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) vaccine and rifampicin as a conventional vaccine and medicine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections could be used as a promising agent for the prevention and reduce the development of Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. According to our knowledge, the present review is the first and only review that assessed the possible relationship between tuberculosis and Alzheimer's disease as well as the possible therapeutic role of rifampicin and BCG vaccine in treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease, respectively.
{"title":"Tuberculosis for Alzheimer’s: Risk Factor, Treatment or Prevention","authors":"A. Yaghoubi, K. Ghazvini, S. Hashemy","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2020.46969.1310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2020.46969.1310","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer's disease is a type of dementia and there were 50 million individuals have dementia in 2018 worldwide and the cost of dementia care to Medicare and Medicaid is so high (about US$1 trillion) in that year. Recently, several articles show that tuberculosis may be increased the development rate of Alzheimer's disease in these patients. So knowing the probable relationship between these two could be helpful. Also, there is evidence demonstrating that the Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) vaccine and rifampicin as a conventional vaccine and medicine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections could be used as a promising agent for the prevention and reduce the development of Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. According to our knowledge, the present review is the first and only review that assessed the possible relationship between tuberculosis and Alzheimer's disease as well as the possible therapeutic role of rifampicin and BCG vaccine in treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease, respectively.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43823095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2020.50604.1330
N. Mohtasham, Hooshang Rafat-Panah, A. Pakfetrat, Reza Zare, H. Kade, M. H. Shad, M. Zamanzadeh, F. Mohajertehran
Introduction:Recurrent aphthous ulcers are the most common pathologic conditions of the oral cavity, which despite having clear clinical features, the etiology is unknown. This study aimed to determine the relationship between one of the histocompatibility antigens (HLA DRB1) and its sub-groups with the incidence of recurrent aphthous ulcers in an Iranian population (North East of Iran). Methods: In this case-control study, a total of 72 patients with recurrent aphthous ulcers and 70 healthy subjects in Northeast Iranian population were included. Genotyping was done by polymerase chain reaction-specific sequence primers (PCR- SSP) for each sample, according to standard kit protocol (BAG- Germany). Results: In 72 patients with recurrent aphthous ulcers that were included in this study, 26 were male and 46 were female; of the 70 control patients, this difference not significant statistically (P>0.05). The frequency of HLA -DRB1 *16 was 0.7% in the healthy subjects, however frequency of HLA -DRB1 *16 in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) was 42.36%, and this difference was statistically significant (P=0.03). But, this difference was not observed in other subgroups.Conclusion: The frequency of DRB1 * 16 in the patients with RAS were higher than the group. Therefore, DRB1 * 16 can be suggested as a Predisposing factor for aphthous ulcers patients.
{"title":"Association of HLA-DRB1 with Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis in Northeast Iranian Population","authors":"N. Mohtasham, Hooshang Rafat-Panah, A. Pakfetrat, Reza Zare, H. Kade, M. H. Shad, M. Zamanzadeh, F. Mohajertehran","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2020.50604.1330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2020.50604.1330","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction:Recurrent aphthous ulcers are the most common pathologic conditions of the oral cavity, which despite having clear clinical features, the etiology is unknown. This study aimed to determine the relationship between one of the histocompatibility antigens (HLA DRB1) and its sub-groups with the incidence of recurrent aphthous ulcers in an Iranian population (North East of Iran). Methods: In this case-control study, a total of 72 patients with recurrent aphthous ulcers and 70 healthy subjects in Northeast Iranian population were included. Genotyping was done by polymerase chain reaction-specific sequence primers (PCR- SSP) for each sample, according to standard kit protocol (BAG- Germany). Results: In 72 patients with recurrent aphthous ulcers that were included in this study, 26 were male and 46 were female; of the 70 control patients, this difference not significant statistically (P>0.05). The frequency of HLA -DRB1 *16 was 0.7% in the healthy subjects, however frequency of HLA -DRB1 *16 in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) was 42.36%, and this difference was statistically significant (P=0.03). But, this difference was not observed in other subgroups.Conclusion: The frequency of DRB1 * 16 in the patients with RAS were higher than the group. Therefore, DRB1 * 16 can be suggested as a Predisposing factor for aphthous ulcers patients.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47653365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2020.50392.1328
N. Yazdani, N. Sharif, Maliheh Karimpour, Asieh Ehsaei
Introduction: This study aimed to determine the influence of age and gender on pupil size under different illuminance conditions in emmetropic and myopic healthy eyes using Keratograph 4 topography. Methods: This study investigated 221 eyes of 221 subjects. After complete ocular examination, the undilated pupil diameters were measured using a pupilometer and Keratograph 4 software (OCULUS, Wetzlar, Germany) with a sequence of 9.8 seconds of the scotopic stimulus (0.1 lux) and 0.2 seconds of the photopic stimulus (150 lux) repeated 5 times automatically. At the end of the procedure, the software provided maximum and minimum values (scotopic and photopic) of the pupil diameter. The age, gender, and refraction related changes of the pupil size were evaluated in different illuminance conditions. Results: Out of 221 participants in this study, 122 (85 female) and 99 (66 female) cases were myopes (MSE: -2.18±1.69 D, age: 26.03±6.98 years) and emmetropes (MSE: -0.11±0.27 D, age: 28.05±10.17 years), respectively. Considering refractive groups, pupil size was larger in myopes, compared to the emmetropes in both illuminance conditions (P<0.001). Moreover, the pupil size was found to be independent of gender in both photopic and scotopic conditions (P=0.71 and P=0.55, respectively). Additionally, a significant decrease was observed in pupil size with increasing age (P<0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that pupil size is influenced by age, illumination levels, and refractive status. These findings are important in both the optical industry and clinical decision-making process regarding treatment management.
{"title":"Assessment of the Pupil Size in Emmetropic and Myopic Eyes","authors":"N. Yazdani, N. Sharif, Maliheh Karimpour, Asieh Ehsaei","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2020.50392.1328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2020.50392.1328","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This study aimed to determine the influence of age and gender on pupil size under different illuminance conditions in emmetropic and myopic healthy eyes using Keratograph 4 topography. \u0000Methods: This study investigated 221 eyes of 221 subjects. After complete ocular examination, the undilated pupil diameters were measured using a pupilometer and Keratograph 4 software (OCULUS, Wetzlar, Germany) with a sequence of 9.8 seconds of the scotopic stimulus (0.1 lux) and 0.2 seconds of the photopic stimulus (150 lux) repeated 5 times automatically. At the end of the procedure, the software provided maximum and minimum values (scotopic and photopic) of the pupil diameter. The age, gender, and refraction related changes of the pupil size were evaluated in different illuminance conditions. \u0000Results: Out of 221 participants in this study, 122 (85 female) and 99 (66 female) cases were myopes (MSE: -2.18±1.69 D, age: 26.03±6.98 years) and emmetropes (MSE: -0.11±0.27 D, age: 28.05±10.17 years), respectively. Considering refractive groups, pupil size was larger in myopes, compared to the emmetropes in both illuminance conditions (P<0.001). Moreover, the pupil size was found to be independent of gender in both photopic and scotopic conditions (P=0.71 and P=0.55, respectively). Additionally, a significant decrease was observed in pupil size with increasing age (P<0.001). \u0000Conclusion: This study showed that pupil size is influenced by age, illumination levels, and refractive status. These findings are important in both the optical industry and clinical decision-making process regarding treatment management.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48565152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2020.52084.1337
M. Ahadi, Negin Masoudifar, M. A. Rad
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has brought unpredictable challenges to the whole world by causing Coronavirus disease2019(COVID-19). Although respiratory tract manifestations are the most commonly reported symptoms in COVID-19, early studies reported a low incidence of typical gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and even liver dysfunctions. However, The prevalence and prognosis of Gastrointestinal system involvement, including gastrointestinal symptoms and liver injury, remains mostly unknown in patients with COVID-19. We aimed to review the effects of COVID-19 on the GI system. Anorexia was the most frequent digestive symptom in adults (39.9%‐50.2%), and diarrhea was the most frequent symptom in both adults and children.Moreover, vomiting was more common in children. Approximately nine percent of adult patients showed vomiting. Almost 36% of children encounter vomiting; nausea is considered for 15% of children. Gastrointestinal bleeding was presented in more than ten percent of children, while abdominal pain was more frequent in severely ill patients.
{"title":"Gastrointestinal Manifestations of COVID- 19","authors":"M. Ahadi, Negin Masoudifar, M. A. Rad","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2020.52084.1337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2020.52084.1337","url":null,"abstract":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has brought unpredictable challenges to the whole world by causing Coronavirus disease2019(COVID-19). Although respiratory tract manifestations are the most commonly reported symptoms in COVID-19, early studies reported a low incidence of typical gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and even liver dysfunctions. However, The prevalence and prognosis of Gastrointestinal system involvement, including gastrointestinal symptoms and liver injury, remains mostly unknown in patients with COVID-19. We aimed to review the effects of COVID-19 on the GI system. Anorexia was the most frequent digestive symptom in adults (39.9%‐50.2%), and diarrhea was the most frequent symptom in both adults and children.Moreover, vomiting was more common in children. Approximately nine percent of adult patients showed vomiting. Almost 36% of children encounter vomiting; nausea is considered for 15% of children. Gastrointestinal bleeding was presented in more than ten percent of children, while abdominal pain was more frequent in severely ill patients.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43445956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2020.52536.1338
M. Karbalaei, K. Ghazvini, M. Keikha
infection is caused by an intracellular bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The disease is among the most important infectious diseases, which has dedicated most cases of morbidity and mortality to itself worldwide. The global report of Health Organization in shows that from 10.7 million infected people in 2018, 1.6 million died. Although the BCG vaccine has been used for about a hundred years, it is only effective in children, but is not able to produce a protective and reliable immunity against adult pulmonary TB. Hence, using an alternative vaccine with high more efficacy than BCG seems to be urgent. The IL-33/ST2 axis forms of IL-33 and ST2, and both of them are the members of IL-1 family. IL-33 is secreted as an alarm in response to cellular stress, and ST2 causes stimulation of MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, which is needed for the proper response of infected cells to Mtb and other intracellular pathogens. In Th2 cells, NF-κB enters into the nucleus, and acts as a transcription factor. Finally, cytokines such as effective in the
{"title":"IL-33/ST2 Axis as a Well-Known Endogenous Defense Against Tuberculosis","authors":"M. Karbalaei, K. Ghazvini, M. Keikha","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2020.52536.1338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2020.52536.1338","url":null,"abstract":"infection is caused by an intracellular bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The disease is among the most important infectious diseases, which has dedicated most cases of morbidity and mortality to itself worldwide. The global report of Health Organization in shows that from 10.7 million infected people in 2018, 1.6 million died. Although the BCG vaccine has been used for about a hundred years, it is only effective in children, but is not able to produce a protective and reliable immunity against adult pulmonary TB. Hence, using an alternative vaccine with high more efficacy than BCG seems to be urgent. The IL-33/ST2 axis forms of IL-33 and ST2, and both of them are the members of IL-1 family. IL-33 is secreted as an alarm in response to cellular stress, and ST2 causes stimulation of MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, which is needed for the proper response of infected cells to Mtb and other intracellular pathogens. In Th2 cells, NF-κB enters into the nucleus, and acts as a transcription factor. Finally, cytokines such as effective in the","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44958957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-27DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2020.48840.1319
Elhan Bakhtiari, F. Heydarian, M. Kiani, Z. Askari, Mohammad Heidarian
Objective: The aim of present study was evaluation and comparison of the white blood cell, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C reactive protein (CRP) in febrile children with or without convulsion. Methods: Three hundred sixty eight febrile children aged 6-60 months with or without convulsion were studied. Demographic, white blood cell (WBC), ESR and CRP were compared and analyzed. Results: There was 368 children (184 patients with febrile convulsion as case group and 184 febrile patients without convulsion as control group), with the average age of 26.6±14.4 months and 17.71±15.4 months respectively (p=0.001). In case group 59.78% and in control group 43.48% were male (p=0.002). There was no significant difference between groups regarding WBC, ESR and CRP. There was significant relationship between leukocytosis and convulsion in patients with longer than 15 minutes convulsion (p=0.03). There was not any significant relationship between febrile convulsion patients according to type, duration and frequency of convulsion in ESR and CRP. Conclusion: Leukocytosis and elevated ESR and CRP in patients with febrile convulsion can represent underlying etiology of the fever and it may not be due to convulsion itself. But in longer than 15 minutes convulsion, it can lead to leukocytosis itself.
{"title":"Febrile children with or without seizure: a Comparison between CBC, ESR and CRP","authors":"Elhan Bakhtiari, F. Heydarian, M. Kiani, Z. Askari, Mohammad Heidarian","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2020.48840.1319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2020.48840.1319","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of present study was evaluation and comparison of the white blood cell, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C reactive protein (CRP) in febrile children with or without convulsion. Methods: Three hundred sixty eight febrile children aged 6-60 months with or without convulsion were studied. Demographic, white blood cell (WBC), ESR and CRP were compared and analyzed. Results: There was 368 children (184 patients with febrile convulsion as case group and 184 febrile patients without convulsion as control group), with the average age of 26.6±14.4 months and 17.71±15.4 months respectively (p=0.001). In case group 59.78% and in control group 43.48% were male (p=0.002). There was no significant difference between groups regarding WBC, ESR and CRP. There was significant relationship between leukocytosis and convulsion in patients with longer than 15 minutes convulsion (p=0.03). There was not any significant relationship between febrile convulsion patients according to type, duration and frequency of convulsion in ESR and CRP. Conclusion: Leukocytosis and elevated ESR and CRP in patients with febrile convulsion can represent underlying etiology of the fever and it may not be due to convulsion itself. But in longer than 15 minutes convulsion, it can lead to leukocytosis itself.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41522203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-30DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2020.49489.1324
Mohamadreza Farzanehfar, R. Jabini, A. Mirbolouk
Intruduction: This study aims to evaluate the mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) in ascites caused by various diseases and its usefulness in differential diagnosis between malignant and benign ascites. Methods: A total of 52 ascitic fluid samples collected from cirrhotic patients in Ghaem Hospital of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences and divided into two experimental groups: benign ascites group (n=26) and malignant ascites group (n=26). Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR) was used for determining the presence of Cox-2 mRNA in samples. Results: There was a mail predominance (1.88 to 1) and the mean age of patients was 56.94±12.04 years (range 30 to 80 years). There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to age and sex. Cox-2 mRNA was detected in 4 of 26 benign ascites (15.4%) and 15 of 26 malignant ascites (57.7%) (P= 0.003). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of Cox2 for differentiating malignant from benign ascites were 57.7%, 84.6%, 78.9% and 66.7%, respectively. Conclusion: Cox2 mRNA expression assessed by RT-PCR could be a useful method in the differential diagnosis and screening of malignant ascites.
{"title":"Evaluation of cyclooxygenase -2 gene expression in benign and malignant ascites.","authors":"Mohamadreza Farzanehfar, R. Jabini, A. Mirbolouk","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2020.49489.1324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2020.49489.1324","url":null,"abstract":"Intruduction: This study aims to evaluate the mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) in ascites caused by various diseases and its usefulness in differential diagnosis between malignant and benign ascites. Methods: A total of 52 ascitic fluid samples collected from cirrhotic patients in Ghaem Hospital of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences and divided into two experimental groups: benign ascites group (n=26) and malignant ascites group (n=26). Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR) was used for determining the presence of Cox-2 mRNA in samples. Results: There was a mail predominance (1.88 to 1) and the mean age of patients was 56.94±12.04 years (range 30 to 80 years). There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to age and sex. Cox-2 mRNA was detected in 4 of 26 benign ascites (15.4%) and 15 of 26 malignant ascites (57.7%) (P= 0.003). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of Cox2 for differentiating malignant from benign ascites were 57.7%, 84.6%, 78.9% and 66.7%, respectively. Conclusion: Cox2 mRNA expression assessed by RT-PCR could be a useful method in the differential diagnosis and screening of malignant ascites.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43257564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-29DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2020.43271.1289
A. Z. Feizabadi, A. Malek, H. Ahanchian
The B lymphocyte developmental blocks in agammaglobulinemia leads to peripheral B cells depletion and plasma immunoglobulins reduction. It is a rare but serious disease since it presents recurrent sinopulmonary, skin, central nervous system, bone, and joint infections; the onset of which is reported 6 months of age. There is also a connection between arthritis and immunodeficiency disorders, such as agammaglobulinemia and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). We reported the case of a 3.5-year-old girl with a 3-month history of swelling of the left knee following mimicking oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis. After the initiation of immunosuppressive treatment, she developed large tender erythematous lesions on inguinal region bilaterally, developing to ecthyma gangrenosum, which resulted from Pseudomonas. Her mother also reported the recurrent episodes of infections since she was a one-year-old infant. Subsequent to immunological exams and laboratory tests, she was diagnosed with autosomal recessive agammaglobulinemia due to low serum immunoglobulin concentration and the absence of peripheral B cells. Primary immunodeficiency conditions, particularly agammaglobulinemia, and CVID should be considered in children with arthritis and recurrent infections. Moreover, the immunological analysis should be performed before the initiation of any treatment for these children.
{"title":"Autosomal Recessive Agammaglobulinemia with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Case Report","authors":"A. Z. Feizabadi, A. Malek, H. Ahanchian","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2020.43271.1289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2020.43271.1289","url":null,"abstract":"The B lymphocyte developmental blocks in agammaglobulinemia leads to peripheral B cells depletion and plasma immunoglobulins reduction. It is a rare but serious disease since it presents recurrent sinopulmonary, skin, central nervous system, bone, and joint infections; the onset of which is reported 6 months of age. There is also a connection between arthritis and immunodeficiency disorders, such as agammaglobulinemia and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). We reported the case of a 3.5-year-old girl with a 3-month history of swelling of the left knee following mimicking oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis. After the initiation of immunosuppressive treatment, she developed large tender erythematous lesions on inguinal region bilaterally, developing to ecthyma gangrenosum, which resulted from Pseudomonas. Her mother also reported the recurrent episodes of infections since she was a one-year-old infant. Subsequent to immunological exams and laboratory tests, she was diagnosed with autosomal recessive agammaglobulinemia due to low serum immunoglobulin concentration and the absence of peripheral B cells. Primary immunodeficiency conditions, particularly agammaglobulinemia, and CVID should be considered in children with arthritis and recurrent infections. Moreover, the immunological analysis should be performed before the initiation of any treatment for these children.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43446588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2020.51433.1334
J. Akhondian, N. Ghasemi
Kleefstra syndrome is a genetic disorder that may involve different parts of the body, but its main characteristics are intellectual disability and childhood hypotonia. We report a 10-year-old mentally retarded male patient who presented with seizure. His medical history revealed recurrent upper respiratory infections, neurodevelopmental delay, and epilepsy. It was also found that he had had a hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit for five days due to tachypnea, low APGAR score, and meconium aspiration syndrome. His brain MRI had shown some degree of distension of the lateral cerebral ventricles with the basal cistern. The electromyography and the nerve conduction velocity were however normal. He was diagnosed with Kleefstra syndrome by the loss of the EHMT1 gene. He is now under treatment by piracetam and work-therapy. This is the second case report of this syndrome in Iran. This case presentation aims to improve the diagnosis of Kleefstra syndrome patients, as a rare syndrome with non-characteristic manifestations.
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