Pub Date : 1999-02-10DOI: 10.1109/PCCC.1999.749420
J. Duran, A. Laubach
Three categories of remote computing (client/server) in use and development today are the Network Computer (Java), the Web Browser interface, and Remote Screen/Keyboard. The Remote Screen/Keyboard model offers the greatest flexibility, the 'thinnest clients': and the strongest immunity to the need for upgrades to users' terminals. It also allows the use of lightweight, ultra-portable, wireless terminals while still providing access to the most complex applications (including Internet access, corporate information systems, and E-mail), and to all the files normally available from a user's desktop computer. The terminals control users' Virtual Personal Computers, which reside on servers in the network. The authors have constructed a test system with which users satisfy their computing needs using terminals ranging from one to six pounds, connected by a variety of wireless and wireline means. Performance and usage statistics collected so far, along with coming wireless packet data systems, suggest that the Virtual Personal Computer/Portable Network model is attractive to users and will soon be economically viable.
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/PCCC.1999.749436
I. Cidon, R. Rom, Amit Gupta, C. Schuba
Most of the web traffic today uses the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP), with Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) as the underlying transport protocol. Unfortunately, TCP is poorly suited for the short conversations that comprise a significant component of web traffic. The overhead of setting up and tearing down TCP state amortizes poorly for these small connections. Moreover, emerging modern web server systems employ HTTP redirection for server load-balancing and content distribution; such schemes require setting up (and tearing down) multiple TCP connections for servicing a single client request. We have designed and analyzed a hybrid scheme to address these issues. The scheme uses either TCP, or the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) as the underlying transport protocol for carrying web traffic. UDP is used for short transfers (including HTTP redirection), while TCP is used for all other transfers. In this manner, we avoid the extra TCP overhead for short connections, but still benefit from the reliable delivery and congestion control that TCP provides. We ran trace-based simulations to quantify the effects of various network parameters (i.e., packet loss rates) on the performance of the hybrid scheme. We observed performance gains exceeding 20-25% with HTTP/1.1-style persistent connections, and over 40-50% without persistent connections. These gains can be improved with further performance optimizations that we describe.
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