Pub Date : 2018-09-02DOI: 10.1080/17498430.2018.1518508
T. Crilly
We examine Paul Dirac’s early life in Bristol and the link with his classmate Herbert Charles Wiltshire. We outline Wiltshire’s subsequent career using archives and the few letters which survive between Dirac and Wiltshire.
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Pub Date : 2018-09-02DOI: 10.1080/17498430.2018.1504404
L. McDonald
reorienting toward research, while EliakimHastings Moore built an active department at Chicago, which was research-driven from the start. Batterson’s fourth and fifth chapters describe Osgood’s, Bôcher’s and Moore’s efforts to conduct and promote mathematical research in the USA, including the important role all three (especially Moore) played in the growth of the American Mathematical Society and the training of the next generation of Americanmathematical researchers. The remaining two chapters follow the development of the mathematics department at Princeton University in the first decade of the twentieth century, as well as the movement and accomplishments of George David Birkhoff and other freshly minted American mathematical researchers. The text’s institutional focus accounts for its emphasis on university presidents, especially Charles William Eliot at Harvard and Daniel Coit Gilman at Hopkins, but also William Rainey Harper at Chicago and Thomas Woodrow Wilson at Princeton. In Batterson’s discussion of the institutional landscape crafted by these men are glimpses of cultural considerations as well, both in terms of the broader cultural landscape of the Progressive Era United States and the more local cultures of mathematics departments themselves. The former is hinted at, for example, in Batterson’s mention of the public backlash in response to Gilman’s prioritization of advanced research and graduate education at Hopkins. And the latter is suggested by Batterson’s description of the ‘magic’ of Klein’s lectures at Göttingen (p 8) and the ‘magical environment’ created by Moore, Bolza, and Maschke at Chicago (p 169). Batterson’s book is smoothly written and well researched, drawing from over a dozen archival collections at almost a dozen different institutions. Included are appendices that show the 1849–50 Yale course catalogue as well as the 1905–06 list of graduate mathematics courses at Harvard and Chicago. Along with a handful of expository descriptions of important mathematical results, readers will find awell-crafted account of departments, careers, training and administration during a crucial period in American mathematics.
而EliakimHastings Moore则在芝加哥大学建立了一个活跃的部门，从一开始就以研究为导向。巴特森的第四章和第五章描述了奥斯古德、Bôcher和摩尔在美国开展和促进数学研究的努力，包括他们三人(尤其是摩尔)在美国数学学会的发展和下一代美国数学研究人员的培养中所起的重要作用。剩下的两章讲述了普林斯顿大学数学系在20世纪头十年的发展，以及乔治·大卫·伯克霍夫(George David Birkhoff)和其他新晋美国数学研究者的运动和成就。这本书对大学校长的关注，主要体现在哈佛大学的查尔斯·威廉·艾略特和霍普金斯大学的丹尼尔·科伊特·吉尔曼，以及芝加哥大学的威廉·雷尼·哈珀和普林斯顿大学的托马斯·伍德罗·威尔逊。在巴特森对这些人精心设计的制度景观的讨论中，也瞥见了文化方面的考虑，无论是在进步时代美国更广泛的文化景观方面，还是在数学系本身更局部的文化方面。例如，在巴特森提到公众对吉尔曼优先考虑霍普金斯大学的高级研究和研究生教育的强烈反对时，就暗示了前者。而后者则是由Batterson对Klein在Göttingen的讲座的“魔力”的描述(第8页)和摩尔、Bolza和Maschke在芝加哥创造的“神奇环境”(第169页)所暗示的。巴特森的书文笔流畅，研究深入，取材于十几个不同机构的十几份档案收藏。书的附录显示了1849-50年耶鲁大学的课程目录，以及1905-06年哈佛大学和芝加哥大学的研究生数学课程列表。除了对重要数学结果的少量说明性描述外，读者还将发现在美国数学的关键时期，对部门、职业、培训和管理的精心描述。
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Pub Date : 2018-09-02DOI: 10.1080/17498430.2018.1518844
N. Guicciardini
In this paper I discuss different approaches to past mathematical texts. The question I address is: should we stress the continuity of past mathematics with the mathematics practiced today, or should we emphasize its difference, namely what makes it a product of a distant mathematical culture?
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Pub Date : 2018-08-09DOI: 10.1080/17498430.2018.1504458
N. Biggs
In the twentieth century the theory of games was transformed. It began as an amusing pastime, and ended as a major branch of mathematical research and a key paradigm of economic theory. Here it will be argued that the transformation was the result of the work of mathematicians, such as Ernst Zermelo, John von Neumann and Dénes Kőnig, who also contributed to two other areas of mathematics that were emerging at the same time: the theory of sets and the theory of graphs.
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Pub Date : 2018-07-02DOI: 10.1080/17498430.2018.1489618
Ellen Abrams
{"title":"American mathematics 1890–1913: catching up to Europe, by Steve Batterson","authors":"Ellen Abrams","doi":"10.1080/17498430.2018.1489618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17498430.2018.1489618","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":211442,"journal":{"name":"BSHM Bulletin: Journal of the British Society for the History of Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133170149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-18DOI: 10.1080/17498430.2018.1478532
T. Crilly
{"title":"Ten great ideas about chance, by Persi Diaconis and Brian Skyrms","authors":"T. Crilly","doi":"10.1080/17498430.2018.1478532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17498430.2018.1478532","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":211442,"journal":{"name":"BSHM Bulletin: Journal of the British Society for the History of Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126089499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-11DOI: 10.1080/17498430.2018.1472472
Felix Feather
{"title":"The Calculus Story: A Mathematical Adventure, by David Acheson","authors":"Felix Feather","doi":"10.1080/17498430.2018.1472472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17498430.2018.1472472","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":211442,"journal":{"name":"BSHM Bulletin: Journal of the British Society for the History of Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124040028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-08DOI: 10.1080/17498430.2018.1472470
S. Lawrence
{"title":"“What the Tortoise Said to Achilles”: Lewis Carroll's Paradox of Inference, special issue of: The Carrollian: The Lewis Carroll Journal, edited by Amirouche Moktefi and Francine F Abeles","authors":"S. Lawrence","doi":"10.1080/17498430.2018.1472470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17498430.2018.1472470","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":211442,"journal":{"name":"BSHM Bulletin: Journal of the British Society for the History of Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126879300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-31DOI: 10.1080/17498430.2018.1472471
J. Dawson
{"title":"The Great Formal Machinery Works: Theories of Deduction and Computation at the Origins of the Digital Age, by Jan Von Plato","authors":"J. Dawson","doi":"10.1080/17498430.2018.1472471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17498430.2018.1472471","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":211442,"journal":{"name":"BSHM Bulletin: Journal of the British Society for the History of Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128280421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-04DOI: 10.1080/17498430.2018.1450055
L. Stalpers, E. Kaplan
In June 1958, Edward L Kaplan (1920–2006) and Paul Meier (1924–2011) published an innovative statistical method to estimate survival curves when including incomplete observations. The Kaplan–Meier (KM) method became the standard way of reporting patient survival in medical research. For example, the KM method is used in more than 70% of clinical oncology papers. With 44,319 Web of Science® citations as of November 2017, the report has become the most-cited statistics publication in the scientific literature. Part I of this report describes the KM method, its strengths and limitations, and the history and evolution of the method. In Part II we recount the biography of the remarkable mathematician Edward L Kaplan, PhD, and his unique contributions during the formulation of the KM method, as well as his contributions to science during his unique and productive career.
1958年6月，Edward L Kaplan(1920-2006)和Paul Meier(1924-2011)发表了一种创新性的统计方法，在包含不完整观测值的情况下估计生存曲线。Kaplan-Meier (KM)法成为医学研究中报告患者生存的标准方法。例如，超过70%的临床肿瘤学论文使用了KM方法。截至2017年11月，该报告被引用44,319次，成为科学文献中被引用最多的统计出版物。本报告的第一部分描述了KM方法，它的优点和局限性，以及该方法的历史和演变。在第二部分中，我们讲述了杰出的数学家爱德华·L·卡普兰博士的传记，以及他在KM方法制定过程中的独特贡献，以及他在独特而富有成效的职业生涯中对科学的贡献。
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