Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.55795/jpc.2022.1.1.019
Yong‐Shik Lee
Over six decades have passed since the civil rights movement began in the mid-50s, but American society has not yet fully realized the promise of the civil rights movement, which at its core embodies the protection and promotion of equity and dignity of all people. Despite the historic improvements that accord the legal protection of equal rights among different races, genders, and ethnic groups, significant economic disparity among races persists. The Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. declared, “Now our struggle is for genuine equality, which means economic equality.” However, the pursuit of economic equality has not been successful. Growing racial economic disparity creates serious social, economic, and political problems in American society and pulls America away from the ideals of the civil rights movement. Structural economic problems in the United States, such as persistent income and wealth disparities along racial lines have exacerbated inequality that divides the country. This challenge requires a fundamental paradigm change. Racial economic disparity can no longer be overcome solely by individual efforts and self-reliance. The federal government must address racial economic disparity by facilitating economic development for minorities in close cooperation and coordination with state and local governments, as well as the private sector. Before America can fully meet the objectives of the civil rights movement, this country must achieve successful economic development that bridges racial economic disparity.
{"title":"An Analysis of Racial Economic Disparity and the Law in the United States","authors":"Yong‐Shik Lee","doi":"10.55795/jpc.2022.1.1.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55795/jpc.2022.1.1.019","url":null,"abstract":"Over six decades have passed since the civil rights movement began in the mid-50s, but American society has not yet fully realized the promise of the civil rights movement, which at its core embodies the protection and promotion of equity and dignity of all people. Despite the historic improvements that accord the legal protection of equal rights among different races, genders, and ethnic groups, significant economic disparity among races persists. The Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. declared, “Now our struggle is for genuine equality, which means economic equality.” However, the pursuit of economic equality has not been successful. Growing racial economic disparity creates serious social, economic, and political problems in American society and pulls America away from the ideals of the civil rights movement. Structural economic problems in the United States, such as persistent income and wealth disparities along racial lines have exacerbated inequality that divides the country. This challenge requires a fundamental paradigm change. Racial economic disparity can no longer be overcome solely by individual efforts and self-reliance. The federal government must address racial economic disparity by facilitating economic development for minorities in close cooperation and coordination with state and local governments, as well as the private sector. Before America can fully meet the objectives of the civil rights movement, this country must achieve successful economic development that bridges racial economic disparity.","PeriodicalId":211752,"journal":{"name":"Korea Public Choice Association","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116446270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.55795/jpc.2022.1.1.045
E. Butler
In recent years, the Public Choice School scholars argue that public policymaking has its own failures. Public Choice scholars pointed out that the people who make public decisions – politicians or bureaucrats - are in fact just as self-interested as anyone else. They are, after all, the same people; individuals do not suddenly become angels when they get a job in government. We call it ‘democracy’, but actually it is politics, and political interests to colour the whole process. People do not vote at elections out of ‘public interest’, but they vote to promote their own interests. The politicians and bureaucrats also have personal interests of their own. So the Public Choice School economists suggest that it might be better to leave the markets alone, rather than replace market failure by an even worse government failure. Over the last few decades, the Public Choice School’s arguments have had a growing effect to explain real politics. In established democracies, there is more recognition of the private interests of legislators and bureaucrats, and of the need to restrain them. In addition, policies designed to restrain public decision making, inspired by the Public Choice School, are becoming more common. In this essay, I attempt to explain the Public Choice School’s main idea and various issues in a conceptual and critical way.
{"title":"The Public Choice Analysis of Market Failures and Government Failures","authors":"E. Butler","doi":"10.55795/jpc.2022.1.1.045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55795/jpc.2022.1.1.045","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the Public Choice School scholars argue that public policymaking has its own failures. Public Choice scholars pointed out that the people who make public decisions – politicians or bureaucrats - are in fact just as self-interested as anyone else. They are, after all, the same people; individuals do not suddenly become angels when they get a job in government. We call it ‘democracy’, but actually it is politics, and political interests to colour the whole process. People do not vote at elections out of ‘public interest’, but they vote to promote their own interests. The politicians and bureaucrats also have personal interests of their own. So the Public Choice School economists suggest that it might be better to leave the markets alone, rather than replace market failure by an even worse government failure. \u0000Over the last few decades, the Public Choice School’s arguments have had a growing effect to explain real politics. In established democracies, there is more recognition of the private interests of legislators and bureaucrats, and of the need to restrain them. In addition, policies designed to restrain public decision making, inspired by the Public Choice School, are becoming more common. In this essay, I attempt to explain the Public Choice School’s main idea and various issues in a conceptual and critical way.","PeriodicalId":211752,"journal":{"name":"Korea Public Choice Association","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123848563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.55795/jpc.2022.1.1.075
Jongduck Park
The objective of this study is to examine the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and its challenges from the perspective of development with a goal to break down and make better sense of what seems to be the complexities and 'idiosyncrasies' of this region. The primary issues and concerns for the MENA countries have largely been perceived and dealt with through the vantage point of addressing conflicts in the geopolitical and historical context. In light of this, applying developmental approach that is multidisciplinary to understand and meet the challenges of the MENA region in a fundamental way would have many benefits, opening a new window of opportunities, academically and policy wise. From such stance, this paper focuses on and explains what are considered to be the three fundamental and core 'conditions' or tasks for the countries in the region: state-building and nation-building; participatory development; and capability of state. The importance of looking at the 'big picture' of the reality in the manner of reflection and metacognition is underscored.
{"title":"Political Economic Perspectives on the Development of the Middle East and North Africa","authors":"Jongduck Park","doi":"10.55795/jpc.2022.1.1.075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55795/jpc.2022.1.1.075","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to examine the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and its challenges from the perspective of development with a goal to break down and make better sense of what seems to be the complexities and 'idiosyncrasies' of this region. The primary issues and concerns for the MENA countries have largely been perceived and dealt with through the vantage point of addressing conflicts in the geopolitical and historical context. In light of this, applying developmental approach that is multidisciplinary to understand and meet the challenges of the MENA region in a fundamental way would have many benefits, opening a new window of opportunities, academically and policy wise. From such stance, this paper focuses on and explains what are considered to be the three fundamental and core 'conditions' or tasks for the countries in the region: state-building and nation-building; participatory development; and capability of state. The importance of looking at the 'big picture' of the reality in the manner of reflection and metacognition is underscored.","PeriodicalId":211752,"journal":{"name":"Korea Public Choice Association","volume":"15 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114245643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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