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2015 IEEE International Workshop on Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts (ARSO)最新文献

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2D laser based road obstacle classification for road safety improvement 基于二维激光的道路障碍物分类改进道路安全
Pierre Merdrignac, Evangeline Pollard, F. Nashashibi
Vehicle and pedestrian collisions often result in fatality to the vulnerable road users (VRU), indicating a strong need of technologies to protect such persons. Laser sensors have been extensively used for moving obstacles detection and tracking. Laser impacts are produced by reflection on these obstacles which suggests that more information is available for their classification. This paper proposes a new system to address this issue. We introduce the design of our system that is divided in three parts : definition of geometric features describing road obstacles, multiclass object classification from an Adaboost trained classifier and track class assignment by integrating consecutive classification decision values. During this study, we show how specific features adapted to urban obstacles enhance the state of the art method for person detection in 2D laser data. Hence, in this paper, we evaluate usefulness of each feature and list the best ones. Moreover, we investigate the influence of laser height for each class showing that classification performance depends on the sensor position. Finally, we tested our system on some laser sequences and showed that it can estimate the class of some road obstacles around the vehicle with an accuracy of 87.4%.
车辆与行人的碰撞往往会对弱势道路使用者造成死亡,这表明迫切需要保护这些人的技术。激光传感器已广泛应用于移动障碍物的探测和跟踪。激光撞击是由这些障碍物的反射产生的,这表明有更多的信息可用于分类。本文提出了一个新的系统来解决这个问题。我们介绍了我们的系统设计,该系统分为三个部分:定义描述道路障碍物的几何特征,从Adaboost训练的分类器中进行多类目标分类,以及通过整合连续分类决策值来分配跟踪类。在本研究中,我们展示了适应城市障碍物的特定特征如何增强2D激光数据中人员检测的最新方法。因此,在本文中,我们评估了每个功能的有用性,并列出了最好的功能。此外,我们研究了激光高度对每个类别的影响,表明分类性能取决于传感器的位置。最后,我们在一些激光序列上测试了我们的系统,结果表明它可以估计车辆周围一些道路障碍物的类别,准确率达到87.4%。
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引用次数: 17
Robots delivering services to moving people: Individual vs. group patrolling strategies 为移动人群提供服务的机器人:个人与群体巡逻策略
Jacques Saraydaryan, F. Jumel, Olivier Simonin
In this paper, we address the problem of serving people by a set of mobile robots. As people move we model this problem as a dynamic patrolling task, that we call the robotwaiters problem. We propose different criteria and metrics suitable to this problem, by considering not only the time to patrol all the people but also the equity of the delivery. We propose and compare four algorithms, two are based on standard solutions to the static patrolling and two are defined according the specificity of patrolling moving entities. The last one introduces a clustering heuristic to identify groups among the people, in order to limit the robots traveled distances. We present a simulator combining a pedestrian model and a robotic model. Experimental results show the efficiency of the specific new approaches. We also discuss the influence of the number of robots on the performances.
在本文中,我们通过一组移动机器人来解决为人们服务的问题。当人们移动时,我们将这个问题建模为一个动态巡逻任务,我们称之为机器人服务员问题。我们提出了适合这个问题的不同标准和度量,不仅考虑了巡逻所有人的时间,而且考虑了交付的公平性。我们提出并比较了四种算法,其中两种算法是基于静态巡逻的标准解,两种算法是根据巡逻移动实体的特殊性定义的。最后一种是引入聚类启发式算法来识别人群中的群体,以限制机器人的移动距离。我们提出了一个结合行人模型和机器人模型的模拟器。实验结果表明了该方法的有效性。我们还讨论了机器人数量对性能的影响。
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引用次数: 4
HandiViz project: Clinical validation of a driving assistance for electrical wheelchair handviz项目:电动轮椅驾驶辅助装置的临床验证
Marie Babel, François Pasteau, S. Guégan, P. Gallien, B. Nicolas, B. Fraudet, S. Achille-Fauveau, D. Guillard
Autonomy and independence in daily life, whatever the impairment of mobility, constitute fundamental needs that participate to the self-esteem and the well-being of disabled people. In this context, assistive technologies are a relevant answer. To address the driving assistance issue, we propose in this paper a unified shared control framework able to smoothly correct the trajectory of the electrical wheelchair. The system integrates the manual control with sensor-based constraints by means of a dedicated optimization strategy. The resulting low-complex and low-cost embedded system is easily plugged onto on-the-shelf wheelchairs. The robotic solution has been then validated through clinical trials that have been conducted within the Rehabilitation Center of Pôle Saint Hélier (France) with 25 volunteering patients presenting different disabling neuro-pathologies. This assistive tool is shown to be intuitive and robust as it respects the user intention, it does not alter perception while reducing the number of collisions in case of hazardous maneuvers or in crowded environment.
无论行动能力受到何种损害,日常生活中的自主和独立都是涉及残疾人自尊和福祉的基本需要。在这种情况下,辅助技术是一个相关的答案。为了解决电动轮椅的驾驶辅助问题,本文提出了一个统一的共享控制框架,能够平滑地纠正电动轮椅的轨迹。该系统通过专门的优化策略将手动控制与基于传感器的约束相结合。由此产生的低复杂性和低成本嵌入式系统很容易插入到货架上的轮椅。随后,机器人解决方案通过临床试验得到了验证,该临床试验在法国Pôle Saint hsamier康复中心进行,有25名志愿患者表现出不同的致残神经病变。这种辅助工具被证明是直观和强大的,因为它尊重用户的意图,它不会改变感知,同时减少碰撞的次数,在危险的机动或拥挤的环境下。
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引用次数: 17
Development of dynamically artificial flowers driven by shape memory alloy and pulse width modulation 形状记忆合金和脉宽调制驱动动态人工花卉的研制
C. Pan, Y. B. Wang, H. Pan
Artificial flowers are mainly static objects. If we can make them movable with actuating mechanisms, sensors and controllers, this will make them more lively and entertaining. The aim of this paper is to develop artificial flower ornaments with dynamic, modular, programmable and green-energy characteristics. The dynamically artificial flower ornaments show the performances: bending of stems, blooming of petals, spreading of fragrance and flapping of butterflies. Besides, solar power to simulate photosynthesis (it is just an analogy to actual photosynthesis) will be used to energize the dynamically artificial flower ornaments. Instead of using conventional mechanisms and electromagnetic motor to actuate the flower ornaments, we use shape memory alloy (SMA) as actuators and pulse width modulation (PWM) as drive circuit to avoid complication, lager volume and noise generation of the components. Four types of the SMA actuators are made of SMA wire (Ti50%-Ni45%-Cu5%) with one way shape memory effect and 0.6mm in diameter. The performance of each SMA actuator is evaluated. By using PWM, the SMA actuators have high response time and low energy consumption in acting cycle.
人造花主要是静态物体。如果我们可以用驱动机构、传感器和控制器使它们移动,这将使它们更加生动和有趣。本文的目标是开发具有动态、模块化、可编程和绿色能源特点的人工花卉装饰品。动态的人工花饰表现为:茎的弯曲、花瓣的绽放、香味的散发、蝴蝶的扑腾。此外,模拟光合作用的太阳能(这只是对实际光合作用的一个类比)将被用来为动态的人造花卉装饰品提供能量。我们采用形状记忆合金(SMA)作为致动器,脉宽调制(PWM)作为驱动电路,避免了元件的复杂性、体积大和噪声的产生,而不是使用传统的机构和电磁电机来驱动花饰。四种类型的SMA驱动器由具有单向形状记忆效应的SMA丝(Ti50%-Ni45%-Cu5%)制成,直径为0.6mm。评估了每个SMA致动器的性能。采用PWM控制的SMA驱动器具有响应时间长、动作周期能耗低的特点。
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引用次数: 4
Stability-based planning and trajectory tracking of a mobile manipulator over uneven terrains 基于稳定性的不平路面移动机械臂规划与轨迹跟踪
Jae-Yun Jun, V. Padois, F. Benamar
The problem of improving the stability of a mobile manipulator over a sloped terrain is addressed in the present work. Such an improvement is achieved by finding the location of the manipulator's center of mass that maximizes the overall quasi-static stability, defined here as the force-angle stability, using a stochastic optimization approach known as the Covariance Matrix Adaptation. The tracking of both trajectories for the robot base and for the manipulator is achieved by using an inverse-kinematics controller in simulation.
本文研究了如何提高移动机械臂在倾斜地形上的稳定性。这种改进是通过使用一种称为协方差矩阵自适应的随机优化方法,找到使整体准静态稳定性最大化的机械臂质心位置来实现的,在这里定义为力角稳定性。仿真中采用逆运动学控制器实现了机器人基座和机械手的轨迹跟踪。
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引用次数: 4
Robotic co-manipulation with 6 DoF admittance control: Application to patient positioning in proton-therapy 具有6自由度导纳控制的机器人协同操作:在质子治疗患者定位中的应用
Julien Baumeyer, P. Vieyres, S. Miossec, C. Novales, G. Poisson, Samuel Pinault
The paper focuses on controlling by hand a robot carrying a patient lying down on a “couch top” located at the extremity of the end-effector. The Orion prototype, is a six Degree-of-Freedom (DoF) robotic system. The control of the robot is achieved through a home-made co-manipulated haptic device located under the couch top and operated by a paramedical assistant. This device enables the operator to move the couch top, on which the patient lies down, and within an identified operational safety space. The 6 DoF admittance control algorithm is implemented on this new robotic platform. An experimental validation has been carried out to validate the co-manipulation control of the robot. The adaptable admittance parameters have been tuned on several experiments in order to observe the mass-spring-damper equivalent behaviour and demonstrate the validity of the implemented admittance algorithm.
这篇论文的重点是用手控制一个机器人,它携带一个躺在末端执行器末端的“沙发顶”上的病人。猎户座原型机是一个六自由度(DoF)机器人系统。机器人的控制是通过一个自制的协同操作的触觉装置来实现的,该装置位于沙发顶部下方,由一名辅助医疗助理操作。该装置使操作人员能够在确定的操作安全空间内移动患者躺卧的沙发顶部。在该机器人平台上实现了六自由度导纳控制算法。通过实验验证了机器人的协同操纵控制。为了观察质量-弹簧-阻尼器的等效特性,并验证所实现的导纳算法的有效性,对自适应导纳参数进行了调整。
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引用次数: 11
Vision based target tracking using an unmanned aerial vehicle 基于视觉的无人机目标跟踪
E. Harik, F. Guérin, F. Guinand, J. Brethé, Hervé Pelvillain, Adel Zentout
We present in this paper a backstepping controller for vision based target tracking with an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. A down facing camera is used with a pose estimation algorithm to extract the position of the target (an Unmanned Ground Vehicle). The output is then fed into the developed controller to generate the necessary movements (pitch and roll) of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in order to keep the target in the coverage view of the camera (following it constantly). The developed scheme is used to help the Unmanned Ground Vehicle to navigate among obstacles, and the overall system is designed in order to help human operator to supervise the Aerial and Ground vehicles for area inspection or object transportation in industrial areas (when using multiple Unmanned Ground Vehicles).
本文提出了一种用于无人机视觉目标跟踪的反步控制器。使用下视摄像头和姿态估计算法来提取目标(无人地面车辆)的位置。然后将输出输入开发的控制器,以生成无人机的必要运动(俯仰和滚动),以便将目标保持在摄像机的覆盖视图中(不断跟随它)。所开发的方案用于帮助无人地面车辆在障碍物之间导航,并且整个系统的设计是为了帮助人类操作员监督空中和地面车辆进行区域检查或工业区域的物体运输(当使用多个无人地面车辆时)。
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引用次数: 14
On the design of a low-cost, light-weight, and highly versatile agricultural robot 设计一种低成本、轻量化、高通用性的农业机器人
Lars Grimstad, Cong Dung Pham, Huynh Nhat Trinh Phan, P. From
This paper describes the development and the main considerations for designing the Thorvald platform, a versatile robot for operation in agricultural fields. The main objective is to develop a robot that can perform all operations, from seeding, to weeding and harvesting. This requires the robot to be able to carry a wide variety of tools. In addition, we require the robot to be lightweight so that it can operate during wet periods without getting stuck or damaging the soil structure. We focus on keeping the overall costs of the robot at a level which makes it economically viable compared to conventional solutions. We obtain this by constructing the frame so that it flexes, which reduces complexity and makes the frame cheap to build, but at the same time guarantees that all wheels are in contact with the ground. We also describe the development of tools to be attached to the platform, and discuss the implications of the flexible design on the robot and tool control.
本文介绍了多用途农业作业机器人Thorvald平台的发展和设计的主要考虑。主要目标是开发一种可以执行从播种到除草和收割等所有操作的机器人。这就要求机器人能够携带各种各样的工具。此外,我们要求机器人重量轻,这样它就可以在潮湿的季节工作,而不会被卡住或破坏土壤结构。我们专注于将机器人的整体成本保持在一个水平,使其与传统解决方案相比在经济上可行。我们通过构造可弯曲的车架来实现这一点,这降低了复杂性,降低了车架的建造成本,但同时又保证了所有车轮都与地面接触。我们还描述了附加在平台上的工具的开发,并讨论了柔性设计对机器人和工具控制的影响。
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引用次数: 27
Real-time power-efficient integration of multi-sensor occupancy grid on many-core 多传感器占用网格多核实时节能集成
T. Rakotovao, Julien Mottin, D. Puschini, C. Laugier
Safe Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) will emerge when comprehensive perception systems will be successfully integrated into vehicles. Advanced perception algorithms based on occupancy grids were developed for AV prototypes. These algorithms estimate the position and speed of every obstacle in the environment by using data fusion from multiple sensors. Computational requirements of such fusion prevent their integration into AVs on current low-power embedded hardware. However, recent emerging many-core architectures offer opportunities to fulfill the automotive market constraints and efficiently support advanced perception applications. This paper explores the integration of the occupancy grid multi-sensor fusion algorithm into low power many-core architectures. The parallel properties of this function are used to achieve realtime performance with a power consumption less than 1W. The proposed implementation produces an occupancy grid of 500×300 cells within 6.26ms. The execution time is 6x faster than typical sensor output rates and 9x faster than previous embedded prototypes.
当综合感知系统成功集成到车辆中时,安全自动驾驶汽车(av)就会出现。针对自动驾驶汽车原型,开发了基于占用网格的高级感知算法。这些算法通过融合来自多个传感器的数据来估计环境中每个障碍物的位置和速度。这种融合的计算需求阻碍了它们在当前低功耗嵌入式硬件上集成到自动驾驶汽车中。然而,最近出现的多核心架构提供了满足汽车市场限制和有效支持高级感知应用的机会。本文探讨了将占用网格多传感器融合算法集成到低功耗多核架构中的方法。利用该函数的并行特性,以低于1W的功耗实现实时性能。提出的实现在6.26ms内生成500×300单元的占用网格。执行时间比典型传感器输出速率快6倍,比以前的嵌入式原型快9倍。
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引用次数: 11
Enhancement of interface robot using RT middleware and RSNP network protocol 利用RT中间件和RSNP网络协议增强接口机器人
Daiki Nomiyama, N. Matsuhira, M. Sano, Toru Yamaguchi
To cope with various needs of a rapidly aging society, common RT middleware and RSNP network protocol are incorporated in an interface robot. In this manner, a reception service application that is required in facilities for the elderly, has been developed for an interface robot. The robot counts the number of people who enter and exit a facility and greets them according to the position and velocity of each person as a reception service. Furthermore, robots located in several facilities are networked through the Internet, and their information data are transmitted to a server computer and are shared using RSNP. Such a system is expandable to aid in developing the required functions. Here, the developed system and results of basic experiments are described.
为了应对快速老龄化社会的各种需求,在接口机器人中加入了常见的RT中间件和RSNP网络协议。以这种方式,为接口机器人开发了老年人设施所需的接待服务应用程序。机器人会统计进出设施的人数,并根据每个人的位置和速度向他们打招呼,这是一种接待服务。此外,位于多个设施的机器人通过互联网联网,它们的信息数据被传输到服务器计算机,并使用RSNP共享。这样的系统是可扩展的,以帮助开发所需的功能。本文介绍了开发的系统和基本实验结果。
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引用次数: 5
期刊
2015 IEEE International Workshop on Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts (ARSO)
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