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2015 IEEE International Workshop on Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts (ARSO)最新文献

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European robotics challenges — A retrospective analysis of stage I towards a better challenge design in the future 欧洲机器人挑战赛-对第一阶段的回顾性分析,以实现未来更好的挑战设计
R. Awad, Laura Korting, A. J. V. D. Meer
As a key factor for driving innovation in European robotics and manufacturing, it is the main objective of The European Robotics Challenges (EuRoC) to strengthen collaboration and cross-fertilization between the industrial and the research community. Towards this aim EuRoC launched and is running three industrially relevant challenges in European robotics with applicability to the factory of the future. The EuRoC challenges are organized as three successive stages of increasing complexity. The aim of this paper is to report on and present the results of Stage I, in order to identify strengths and weaknesses of the challenges design/processes, report on exploited/missed opportunities, avoided/encountered risks, etc. Ultimately, the goal of this paper is to suggest improvements wrt to the design of challenges in the future.
作为推动欧洲机器人和制造业创新的关键因素,欧洲机器人挑战赛(EuRoC)的主要目标是加强工业和研究界之间的合作和相互促进。为了实现这一目标,欧洲机器人协会发起了三项与工业相关的挑战,这些挑战适用于未来的工厂。欧共体面临的挑战分为三个连续的阶段,其复杂性不断增加。本文的目的是报告和展示第一阶段的结果,以确定挑战设计/流程的优势和劣势,报告利用/错过的机会,避免/遇到的风险等。最终,本文的目标是对未来的挑战设计提出改进建议。
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引用次数: 0
A control allocation approach to haptic control of underwater robots 水下机器人触觉控制的控制分配方法
Cong Dung Pham, Christine Spiten, P. From
This paper presents a new set of approaches for teleoperation of remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), or autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) with on-board cameras. We address the control allocation problem for underwater vehicles, i.e., how to best distribute the control forces so that the robot behaves as intuitively as possible based on the operator's commands. This calls for intelligent control allocation in order to obtain intuitive control of the camera as we do not control the camera directly, but rather the underwater robot, with slow and inaccurate dynamics, in addition to normally just a few degrees of freedom to the camera, which has a lot faster dynamics. For the presented approach, the operator only needs to control the camera motion, while the vehicle will follow the camera naturally. The operator is thus able to control a system that is kinematically very different from the haptic device very intuitively. The control allocation problem, i.e., how the vehicle and camera actuation is applied, is then performed automatically so that the operator can concentrate on the camera motion.
本文提出了一套新的方法,用于远程操作的车辆(rov),或自主水下航行器(auv)与机载摄像机的远程操作。我们解决了水下航行器的控制分配问题,即如何最好地分配控制力,使机器人根据操作员的命令尽可能直观地行动。这就需要智能控制分配,以便获得对相机的直观控制,因为我们不直接控制相机,而是水下机器人,具有缓慢和不准确的动态,除了通常只有几个自由度的相机,它有很多更快的动态。对于所提出的方法,操作员只需要控制摄像机的运动,而车辆将自然地跟随摄像机。因此,操作员能够非常直观地控制一个运动学上与触觉设备非常不同的系统。控制分配问题,即如何应用车辆和相机驱动,然后自动执行,以便操作员可以专注于相机运动。
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引用次数: 5
NAO robot and the “endowment effect” NAO机器人与“禀赋效应”
O. Masson, Jean Baratgin, Frank Jamet
In this experiment, a humanoid robot (NAO), for the first time, replaces the experimenter to study the endowment effect that describes the fact that individuals prefer an object or a service that belongs to them over an equivalent object or service. The traditional methodology used to observe the endowment effect was based on a simple experimental exchange paradigm. The effect is measured along the proportion of participants reluctant to accept the exchange. This robust effect of endowment is considered in the economic literature as a serious decisional bias that seems to exist since the younger age. Two explanations have been advanced in the literature. The first explanation refers to the aversion to the loss that individuals would have as it is detailed by the prospect theory. The second explanation, the most recent one, specifies that the willingness to possess is a consequence of the evolution. We propose an additional explanation; that social rules of the individuals can explain the reluctance to exchange an object or to prefer an object already possessed over the same object that these individuals do not possess. The paradigm of the exchange would implicitly favor a response in line with politeness norms at use in Western societies. In order to account for this third explanation, the use of NAO robot allows reproducing the exchange experimental paradigm in a neutral disambiguated context where the politeness norms are not prompted by the interaction experimenters/participants. This experiment concluded to no endowment effect. This procedure reveals a new paradigm to understand the emergence of social norms at play in an interaction robot-human researching what “behaviors” programmed in NAO triggers an endowment effect and favors the emergence of politeness norms.
在这个实验中,一个人形机器人(NAO)首次取代了实验者来研究禀赋效应,禀赋效应描述了这样一个事实,即个体更喜欢属于自己的物体或服务,而不是同等的物体或服务。观察禀赋效应的传统方法是基于简单的实验交换范式。这种影响是根据参与者不愿意接受交换的比例来衡量的。在经济文献中,这种强大的禀赋效应被认为是一种严重的决策偏差,似乎从年轻时就存在。文献中提出了两种解释。第一种解释是指个人对损失的厌恶,正如前景理论所详述的那样。第二种解释,也是最近的一种,明确指出占有的意愿是进化的结果。我们提出一个额外的解释;个人的社会规则可以解释为什么人们不愿意交换物品,或者宁愿选择已经拥有的物品,而不愿选择自己没有拥有的物品。这种交流的范式将隐含地倾向于符合西方社会使用的礼貌规范的回应。为了解释这第三种解释,使用NAO机器人可以在中立的消除歧义的环境中再现交换实验范式,在这种环境中,礼貌规范不是由交互实验者/参与者提示的。本实验不存在禀赋效应。这一过程为理解人机交互中社会规范的产生提供了一个新的范式,即研究NAO中编程的哪些“行为”触发了禀赋效应并促进了礼貌规范的产生。
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引用次数: 13
Investigating similarity measures for locomotor trajectories based on the human perception of differences in motions 基于人类对运动差异的感知,研究运动轨迹的相似性度量
Annemarie Turnwald, Sebastian Eger, D. Wollherr
Providing robots with the ability to move humanlike is one of the recent challenges for researchers who work on motion planning in human populated environments. Human-like motions help a human interaction partner to intuitively grasp the intention of the robot. However, the problem of validating the degree of human-likeness of a robot motion is rarely addressed, especially for the forward motion during navigation. One approach is using similarity measures to compare the robot trajectories directly with human ones. For this reason, this paper investigates different methods from the time series analysis that can be applied to measure the similarity between trajectories: the average Euclidean distance, the Dynamic Time Warping distance, and the Longest Common Subsequence. We aim to identify the measure that performs the same way as a human who rates the similarity. Thus, the evaluation of the methods is based on a questionnaire that examines the human perception of differences between walking motions. It is concluded that the human similarity perception is reproduced best by using the Dynamic Time Warping and comparing the derivatives of the path and velocity profiles instead of the absolute values.
为机器人提供像人类一样移动的能力是研究人员在人类密集环境中运动规划的最新挑战之一。类人动作帮助人类交互伙伴直观地掌握机器人的意图。然而,验证机器人运动与人类相似程度的问题很少得到解决,特别是在导航过程中的向前运动。一种方法是使用相似度来直接比较机器人和人类的轨迹。因此,本文研究了不同于时间序列分析的方法,可以用来测量轨迹之间的相似性:平均欧几里得距离、动态时间翘曲距离和最长公共子序列。我们的目标是确定一种与人类评估相似性的方式相同的测量方法。因此,对这些方法的评估是基于一份调查问卷,该问卷调查了人类对行走运动之间差异的感知。结果表明,采用动态时间翘曲方法,比较路径和速度曲线的导数值,而不是绝对值,可以更好地再现人类的相似感知。
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引用次数: 6
Divide-and-conquer manipulation planning by lazily searching a weighted two-layer manipulation graph 通过延迟搜索加权两层操作图进行分治式操作规划
Weiwei Wan, K. Harada
When people fail to move his or her arms from one configuration to another, they attempt to break the task into smaller tasks and finish them separately. This kind of solution is usually named “divide and conquer”. In this paper, we propose an implementation of “divide and conquer” where the robot attempts to divide one difficult manipulation task into smaller but easier problems according to the results of lazy planning. It leverages the planning of different levels to build a weighted two-layer manipulation graph, and divides and conquer the original task by lazily searching the weighted two-layer manipulation graph. In the lowest level, the planning is motion planning. In the middle level, the planning is grasp planning and placement planning. In the highest level, the planning is manipulation planning. Our implementation uses the grasps and placements computed in the middle level to construct a weighted two-layer manipulation graph for the highest level. It finds a manipulation path through the weighted two-layer manipulation graph in the highest level using lazy searching, and uses motion planning in the lowest level to find the motions that connect the vertices of the weighted two-layer manipulation path. Simulation is developed to demonstrate the the performance of our implementation. The manipulation task in the simulation is divided and separately conquered by leveraging the planning at different levels.
当人们无法将手臂从一种姿势移动到另一种姿势时,他们会试图将任务分解成更小的任务,然后分别完成。这种解决方案通常被称为“分而治之”。在本文中,我们提出了一种“分而治之”的实现,机器人试图根据懒惰规划的结果将一个困难的操作任务划分为更小但更容易的问题。利用不同层次的规划构建加权两层操作图,并通过对加权两层操作图的惰性搜索对原任务进行划分和征服。最低层次的规划是运动规划。中层的规划是把握规划和布局规划。在最高层次上,规划是操纵规划。我们的实现使用在中间级别计算的抓取和放置来为最高级别构造一个加权的两层操作图。在最上层使用延迟搜索通过加权两层操作图找到操作路径,在最低层使用运动规划找到连接加权两层操作路径顶点的运动。开发了仿真来演示我们实现的性能。通过利用不同层次的规划,对仿真中的操作任务进行划分和单独征服。
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引用次数: 2
An approach to integrate human motion prediction into local obstacle avoidance in close human-robot collaboration 人机密切协作中人体运动预测与局部避障的融合方法
K. Dinh, Ozgur S. Oguz, Gerold Huber, Volker Gabler, D. Wollherr
Within Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) safety is one key-issue that has to be guaranteed at any time during joint collaboration. Collisions in a shared workspace of a Human-Robot-Team (HRT) must be prevented. In addition, the comfort of the collaboration behavior should be provided. Facing these challenges, a robot has to be able to detect critical states at an early stage on the one hand and should react to them within a very short time span on the other hand. In this paper a collision avoidance algorithm using compliance control that guarantees a fast reaction to dynamic obstacles, e.g. humans, without the need of high computational effort is outlined. To further improve the avoidance behavior of the robot, a human motion prediction algorithm based on the minimum-jerk model is integrated. In an experimental analysis of a case-study about collecting LEGO-bricks on a table with various subjects, the impact of the integration of human motion prediction on both the robot's reaction time and human's perception of the robot co-worker is studied. Finally, the comfort and acceptance of the robot colleague by the human collaborator is drawn out through an analysis of the subjective human feedback questionnaires.
在人机协作(HRC)中,安全是在任何时候都必须保证的关键问题。必须防止在人-机器人团队(HRT)的共享工作空间中发生碰撞。此外,还应提供协作行为的舒适性。面对这些挑战,机器人一方面必须能够在早期阶段检测到关键状态,另一方面必须在极短的时间跨度内做出反应。本文提出了一种采用顺应性控制的避碰算法,该算法保证了对动态障碍物(如人类)的快速反应,而不需要大量的计算量。为了进一步提高机器人的回避行为,集成了一种基于最小抖动模型的人体运动预测算法。以在不同主体的桌子上收集乐高积木为例,研究了人类运动预测的集成对机器人反应时间和人类对机器人同事感知的影响。最后,通过对人类主观反馈问卷的分析,得出人类合作者对机器人同事的舒适度和接受度。
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引用次数: 17
Intention-aware risk estimation: Field results 意图感知风险评估:现场结果
S. Lefèvre, D. Vasquez, C. Laugier, J. Guzman
This paper tackles the risk estimation problem from a new perspective: a framework is proposed for reasoning about traffic situations and collision risk at a semantic level, while classic approaches typically reason at a trajectory level. Risk is assessed by estimating the intentions of drivers and detecting conflicts between them, rather than by predicting the future trajectories of the vehicles and detecting collisions between them. More specifically, dangerous situations are identified by comparing what drivers intend to do with what they are expected to do according to the traffic rules. The reasoning is performed in a probabilistic manner, in order to take into account sensor uncertainties and interpretation ambiguities. This framework can in theory be applied to any type of traffic situation; here we present its application to road intersections. The approach was validated with field trials using passenger vehicles equipped with Vehicle-to-Vehicle wireless communication modems. The results demonstrate that the algorithm is able to detect dangerous situations early and complies with real-time constraints.
本文从一个新的角度解决了风险估计问题:提出了一个框架,用于在语义层面上对交通状况和碰撞风险进行推理,而经典方法通常在轨迹层面上进行推理。风险评估是通过估计驾驶员的意图并检测他们之间的冲突,而不是通过预测车辆的未来轨迹并检测它们之间的碰撞。更具体地说,危险情况是通过比较司机打算做什么和根据交通规则他们应该做什么来确定的。为了考虑传感器的不确定性和解释的模糊性,以概率方式进行推理。这个框架理论上可以适用于任何类型的交通状况;在这里,我们介绍了它在道路交叉路口的应用。该方法在配备车对车无线通信调制解调器的乘用车上进行了现场试验。结果表明,该算法能够较早地发现危险情况,并符合实时性约束。
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引用次数: 6
A review: Can robots reshape K-12 STEM education? 回顾:机器人能重塑K-12 STEM教育吗?
Mohammad Ehsanul Karim, Séverin Lemaignan, F. Mondada
Can robots in classroom reshape K-12 STEM education, and foster new ways of learning? To sketch an answer, this article reviews, side-by-side, existing literature on robot-based learning activities featuring mathematics and physics (purposefully putting aside the well-studied field of “robots to teach robotics”) and existing robot platforms and toolkits suited for classroom environment (in terms of cost, ease of use, orchestration load for the teacher, etc.). Our survey suggests that the use of robots in classroom has indeed moved from purely technology to education, to encompass new didactic fields. We however identified several shortcomings, in terms of robotic platforms and teaching environments, that contribute to the limited presence of robotics in existing curricula; the lack of specific teacher training being likely pivotal. Finally, we propose an educational framework merging the tangibility of robots with the advanced visibility of augmented reality.
课堂上的机器人能重塑K-12 STEM教育,培养新的学习方式吗?为了给出一个大致的答案,本文并排回顾了现有的以数学和物理为特色的机器人学习活动的文献(有意撇开已经得到充分研究的“机器人教授机器人”领域),以及适合课堂环境的现有机器人平台和工具包(在成本、易用性、教师的编排负载等方面)。我们的调查表明,机器人在课堂上的使用确实已经从纯粹的技术转移到教育领域,涵盖了新的教学领域。然而,我们在机器人平台和教学环境方面发现了一些缺点,这些缺点导致机器人在现有课程中的存在有限;缺乏专门的教师培训可能是关键。最后,我们提出了一个将机器人的有形性与增强现实的高级可见性相结合的教育框架。
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引用次数: 115
HRI in an ecological dynamic experiment: The GEE corpus based approach for the Emox robot 生态动态实验中的HRI:基于GEE语料库的Emox机器人方法
Leslie Guillaume, V. Aubergé, Romain Magnani, Frédéric Aman, Cecile Cottier, Y. Sasa, Christian Wolf, Florian Nebout, N. Neverova, Nicolas Bonnefond, Amaury Nègre, Liliya Tsvetanova, Maxence Girard-Rivier
As part of a human-robot interaction project, the gestural modality is one of many ways to communicate. In order to develop a relevant gesture recognition system associated to a smart home butler robot, our methodology is based on an IQ game-like Wizard of Oz experiment to collect spontaneous and implicitly produced gestures in an ecological context where the robot is the referee. These gestures are compared with explicitly produced gestures to determine a relevant ontology of gestures. This preliminary qualitative analysis will be the base to build a big data corpus in order to optimize acceptance of the gesture dictionary in coherence with the “socio-affective glue” dynamics.
作为人机交互项目的一部分,手势模式是众多交流方式之一。为了开发与智能家庭管家机器人相关的手势识别系统,我们的方法是基于一个类似智商游戏的绿野仙踪实验,在机器人作为裁判的生态环境中收集自发和隐含产生的手势。将这些手势与明确生成的手势进行比较,以确定相关的手势本体。这一初步的定性分析将成为构建大数据语料库的基础,以优化手势词典的接受度,并与“社会情感胶水”动态保持一致。
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引用次数: 7
Integration of ADAS algorithm into an experimental vehicle ADAS算法在实验车辆中的集成
Jérôme Lussereau, P. Stein, Jean-Alix David, Lukas Rummelhard, Amaury Nègre, C. Laugier, Nicolas Vignard, Gabriel Othmezouri
For several years, INRIA and Toyota Europe have been working together in the development of algorithms directed to ADAS. This paper will describe the main results of this joint project, applied to a prototype vehicle equipped with several sensors. This work will detail the framework, steps taken and motivation behind the developed technologies, as well as address the requirements for the automobile industry.
几年来,INRIA和丰田欧洲公司一直在合作开发针对ADAS的算法。本文将描述这一联合项目的主要成果,并将其应用于一辆装有多个传感器的原型车。这项工作将详细说明框架、采取的步骤和开发技术背后的动机,以及解决汽车工业的要求。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
2015 IEEE International Workshop on Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts (ARSO)
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