Pub Date : 2022-04-05DOI: 10.1080/23308249.2022.2048792
M. Troell, P. Henriksson, A. Buschmann, T. Chopin, S. Quahe
Abstract Finding ways to keep global warming under 1.5 degrees Celsius is urgent and will need a portfolio of solutions. Seaweeds are marine photosynthetic organisms that humans harvest either from the wild or farm, to be used in many applications and providing various ecosystem services. Large scale farming of seaweeds for absorbing carbon has lately been promoted as a climate “fix”. The major shortcomings of this argument relate to the idea that a carbon sink function should exist through carbon accumulation in seaweed biomass simultaneously as seaweeds are consumed as food by humans, fed to animals, or used in many alternative applications. This carbon instead enters the fast carbon cycle and does not provide any “carbon sink” function. Radical suggestions of intentionally transfer of farmed seaweeds to the deep-sea to accomplish a longer removal are highly questionable from feasibility, economic, ecosystem effects and ethical resource use perspectives. Development of “ocean forests” for carbon capturing through farming should not be compared to forests on land as these provide carbon removal from the atmosphere at sufficiently long time scales to be qualified as carbon sequestration - thus making a difference related to reducing atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. Seaweeds can, however, play a role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the overall food system through carbon offset - i.e. if replacing food, feed, and/or materials that have larger carbon footprints. The fate/cycling of carbon as particulate and dissolved matter from both farmed and wild seaweeds, are however not fully understood, especially with respect to pathways and time scales relevant for carbon removal/storage. Another potential pathway for their role in decarbonization may be through reducing enteric methane emissions from ruminants and also through bioenergy production. More research is, however, needed for understanding the contributions from such interventions. Presenting seaweed farming as a quick fix for the climate risks facilitating misdirected investments (for carbon abatement solutions) and reducing demand for specific research and technological development that will be needed for increasing our understanding about seaweeds’ contribution to food/feed systems and additional sustainability services and benefits. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2022.2048792 .
{"title":"Farming the Ocean – Seaweeds as a Quick Fix for the Climate?","authors":"M. Troell, P. Henriksson, A. Buschmann, T. Chopin, S. Quahe","doi":"10.1080/23308249.2022.2048792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2022.2048792","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Finding ways to keep global warming under 1.5 degrees Celsius is urgent and will need a portfolio of solutions. Seaweeds are marine photosynthetic organisms that humans harvest either from the wild or farm, to be used in many applications and providing various ecosystem services. Large scale farming of seaweeds for absorbing carbon has lately been promoted as a climate “fix”. The major shortcomings of this argument relate to the idea that a carbon sink function should exist through carbon accumulation in seaweed biomass simultaneously as seaweeds are consumed as food by humans, fed to animals, or used in many alternative applications. This carbon instead enters the fast carbon cycle and does not provide any “carbon sink” function. Radical suggestions of intentionally transfer of farmed seaweeds to the deep-sea to accomplish a longer removal are highly questionable from feasibility, economic, ecosystem effects and ethical resource use perspectives. Development of “ocean forests” for carbon capturing through farming should not be compared to forests on land as these provide carbon removal from the atmosphere at sufficiently long time scales to be qualified as carbon sequestration - thus making a difference related to reducing atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. Seaweeds can, however, play a role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the overall food system through carbon offset - i.e. if replacing food, feed, and/or materials that have larger carbon footprints. The fate/cycling of carbon as particulate and dissolved matter from both farmed and wild seaweeds, are however not fully understood, especially with respect to pathways and time scales relevant for carbon removal/storage. Another potential pathway for their role in decarbonization may be through reducing enteric methane emissions from ruminants and also through bioenergy production. More research is, however, needed for understanding the contributions from such interventions. Presenting seaweed farming as a quick fix for the climate risks facilitating misdirected investments (for carbon abatement solutions) and reducing demand for specific research and technological development that will be needed for increasing our understanding about seaweeds’ contribution to food/feed systems and additional sustainability services and benefits. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2022.2048792 .","PeriodicalId":21183,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture","volume":"31 1","pages":"285 - 295"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44925888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.1080/23308249.2022.2057184
O. Sarr, R. Kindong, Siquan Tian, F. Sow, Momar Ka, Ousmane Niang Seye
Abstract The Senegalese coasts have high productivity of fishery resources due to the frequency of intense up-welling system that occurs along its coast, caused by the maritime trade winds making its waters nutrients rich. This phenomenon has contributed greatly to the practice and development of fishing, which is a very important activity in Senegal. Fishing plays a primordial role in the socioeconomic plans and food security in this country. This review updates the situation of the Senegalese marine fisheries from 1999 to 2018, the political environment related to fishing in Senegal, and the principal management measures taken to protect exploited species in the Senegalese exclusive economic zone (EEZ). This study presents the overall evolution of catches, the incomes generated by the Senegalese fisheries sector over the last two decades, from 1999 to 2018, and the Senegalese fishing policy. The observed results show the dynamism and the importance of the different Senegalese fishing sectors to the economic growth of the country. Furthermore, results from this study reveal an increase in catches, economic value, and illegal unreported unregulated fishing in the Senegalese marine fisheries sector. This review also identified the main problems faced by the fisheries sector in Senegal and presented some recommendations to address them. In addition, this review recommends the application of new assessment methods suitable to data-poor fisheries, adapted to Senegalese fisheries. These recommendations would allow future studies to define the stock status of threatened and/or over-exploited economically important stocks for their rational and sustainable management in Senegalese waters.
{"title":"Diagnosis of the Senegalese Marine Fisheries Profile during the Last Two Decades: A Perspective toward Fisheries Management","authors":"O. Sarr, R. Kindong, Siquan Tian, F. Sow, Momar Ka, Ousmane Niang Seye","doi":"10.1080/23308249.2022.2057184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2022.2057184","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Senegalese coasts have high productivity of fishery resources due to the frequency of intense up-welling system that occurs along its coast, caused by the maritime trade winds making its waters nutrients rich. This phenomenon has contributed greatly to the practice and development of fishing, which is a very important activity in Senegal. Fishing plays a primordial role in the socioeconomic plans and food security in this country. This review updates the situation of the Senegalese marine fisheries from 1999 to 2018, the political environment related to fishing in Senegal, and the principal management measures taken to protect exploited species in the Senegalese exclusive economic zone (EEZ). This study presents the overall evolution of catches, the incomes generated by the Senegalese fisheries sector over the last two decades, from 1999 to 2018, and the Senegalese fishing policy. The observed results show the dynamism and the importance of the different Senegalese fishing sectors to the economic growth of the country. Furthermore, results from this study reveal an increase in catches, economic value, and illegal unreported unregulated fishing in the Senegalese marine fisheries sector. This review also identified the main problems faced by the fisheries sector in Senegal and presented some recommendations to address them. In addition, this review recommends the application of new assessment methods suitable to data-poor fisheries, adapted to Senegalese fisheries. These recommendations would allow future studies to define the stock status of threatened and/or over-exploited economically important stocks for their rational and sustainable management in Senegalese waters.","PeriodicalId":21183,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture","volume":"31 1","pages":"197 - 215"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60067721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/23308249.2022.2047886
A. Delaney, D. Reid, C. Zimmermann, M. Kraan, N. Steins, M. Kaiser
Abstract We reflect on the innovation process that led to the development of the pulse trawl that was successfully trialed at a commercial scale, but eventually ended with the European Parliament passing legislation to ban its use. The ban was imposed despite published and emerging evidence that suggested that the environmental performance and catch efficiency of the pulse trawl was superior to the conventional beam trawl design. We used a stakeholder questionnaire to understand which factors undermined wider acceptance of the pulse trawl. The main factors where a lack of involvement of certain key stakeholders earlier in the process that would have ensured better co-development of innovation and a shared vision of the environmental or governance questions that needed to be addressed. Although the stakeholder process itself was seen to be positive, it was implemented too late in the innovation process, as was the implementation of an independent peer review process. We conclude by identifying a pathway for future fishing gear innovation processes that integrate the lessons learnt from the pulse trawl innovation process.
{"title":"Socio-Technical Approaches are Needed for Innovation in Fisheries","authors":"A. Delaney, D. Reid, C. Zimmermann, M. Kraan, N. Steins, M. Kaiser","doi":"10.1080/23308249.2022.2047886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2022.2047886","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We reflect on the innovation process that led to the development of the pulse trawl that was successfully trialed at a commercial scale, but eventually ended with the European Parliament passing legislation to ban its use. The ban was imposed despite published and emerging evidence that suggested that the environmental performance and catch efficiency of the pulse trawl was superior to the conventional beam trawl design. We used a stakeholder questionnaire to understand which factors undermined wider acceptance of the pulse trawl. The main factors where a lack of involvement of certain key stakeholders earlier in the process that would have ensured better co-development of innovation and a shared vision of the environmental or governance questions that needed to be addressed. Although the stakeholder process itself was seen to be positive, it was implemented too late in the innovation process, as was the implementation of an independent peer review process. We conclude by identifying a pathway for future fishing gear innovation processes that integrate the lessons learnt from the pulse trawl innovation process.","PeriodicalId":21183,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture","volume":"31 1","pages":"161 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44159273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-21DOI: 10.1080/23308249.2022.2039096
Reed W. Ozretich, C. Wood, Fiona K. Allan, A. R. Koumi, R. Norman, A. Brierley, G. D. De Leo, D. Little
Abstract The development of water management infrastructures, such as dams and canals, are important components of society’s response to feed a growing human population and to fight climate change. Yet, these changes in land use can also increase the transmission risk for waterborne diseases. Transmission risk associated with artificial reservoirs has been extensively documented for schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease of poverty that infects more than 240 million people worldwide. Over 90% of these cases are in sub-Saharan Africa, a region that is being steadily reshaped by climate change. Controlling the parasite’s obligate intermediate host snail is key to reducing transmission of this disease. Using commercial aquaculture to farm marketable species which predate upon these snails in vulnerable regions can have multiple positive effects, including the improved socioeconomic and nutritional health of surrounding communities. Here the authors assessed the viability of using the aquaculture of snail predators to simultaneously control schistosomiasis infection rates while alleviating economic and/or nutritional poverty in endemic regions of sub-Saharan Africa. A PRISMA-based 6-step systematic methodology was used to explore the primary literature using the case study of Côte d’Ivoire and two native species of snail predator to make evidence-based conclusions on the viability of this method for controlling schistosomiasis. This detailed thematic examination of the literature concluded that using specific approaches and species, aquaculture could be effective in reducing economic poverty and chronic malnourishment along with high levels of schistosomiasis infection. More current species-specific aquaculture data and consumer survey data are, however, needed to determine the economic and logistical effectiveness of farming native snail predators in-country. These and other opportunities for future research are highlighted.
{"title":"The Potential for Aquaculture to Reduce Poverty and Control Schistosomiasis in Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast) during an Era of Climate Change: A Systematic Review","authors":"Reed W. Ozretich, C. Wood, Fiona K. Allan, A. R. Koumi, R. Norman, A. Brierley, G. D. De Leo, D. Little","doi":"10.1080/23308249.2022.2039096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2022.2039096","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The development of water management infrastructures, such as dams and canals, are important components of society’s response to feed a growing human population and to fight climate change. Yet, these changes in land use can also increase the transmission risk for waterborne diseases. Transmission risk associated with artificial reservoirs has been extensively documented for schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease of poverty that infects more than 240 million people worldwide. Over 90% of these cases are in sub-Saharan Africa, a region that is being steadily reshaped by climate change. Controlling the parasite’s obligate intermediate host snail is key to reducing transmission of this disease. Using commercial aquaculture to farm marketable species which predate upon these snails in vulnerable regions can have multiple positive effects, including the improved socioeconomic and nutritional health of surrounding communities. Here the authors assessed the viability of using the aquaculture of snail predators to simultaneously control schistosomiasis infection rates while alleviating economic and/or nutritional poverty in endemic regions of sub-Saharan Africa. A PRISMA-based 6-step systematic methodology was used to explore the primary literature using the case study of Côte d’Ivoire and two native species of snail predator to make evidence-based conclusions on the viability of this method for controlling schistosomiasis. This detailed thematic examination of the literature concluded that using specific approaches and species, aquaculture could be effective in reducing economic poverty and chronic malnourishment along with high levels of schistosomiasis infection. More current species-specific aquaculture data and consumer survey data are, however, needed to determine the economic and logistical effectiveness of farming native snail predators in-country. These and other opportunities for future research are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":21183,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture","volume":"30 1","pages":"467 - 497"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45824487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-24DOI: 10.1080/23308249.2022.2027866
F. Humphries, C. Lawson, J. Benzie, C. Morrison
Abstract Genetic resources are the building blocks for aquaculture breeding programs, biotechnology and conservation. The Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol are international frameworks for access and benefit sharing (ABS) concerning: (a) the collection and use of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge; and (b) sharing the benefits of their use with the provider. ABS laws in African countries increasingly apply to resources and knowledge used throughout the production chain for aquaculture, including genes and gene sequences. This paper reviews ABS legislation and peer-reviewed publications in Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia (leading aquaculture countries with ABS laws) to identify key knowledge gaps for ABS and aquaculture. Using a systematic quantitative literature review method and a qualitative analysis, the main findings are that despite established ABS laws in many of the reviewed countries, there are no analyses on the positive or negative effects of these laws for the conservation, sustainable use of genetic resources, digital sequence information and traditional knowledge relevant to aquaculture and the equitable sharing of benefits from their use. These knowledge gaps may significantly undermine the sharing of resources and knowledge necessary for ecologically sustainable aquaculture development in Africa, which is crucial to food security and livelihoods.
{"title":"African Aquaculture: Genetic Resource and Traditional Knowledge Access and Benefit Sharing Measures","authors":"F. Humphries, C. Lawson, J. Benzie, C. Morrison","doi":"10.1080/23308249.2022.2027866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2022.2027866","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Genetic resources are the building blocks for aquaculture breeding programs, biotechnology and conservation. The Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol are international frameworks for access and benefit sharing (ABS) concerning: (a) the collection and use of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge; and (b) sharing the benefits of their use with the provider. ABS laws in African countries increasingly apply to resources and knowledge used throughout the production chain for aquaculture, including genes and gene sequences. This paper reviews ABS legislation and peer-reviewed publications in Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia (leading aquaculture countries with ABS laws) to identify key knowledge gaps for ABS and aquaculture. Using a systematic quantitative literature review method and a qualitative analysis, the main findings are that despite established ABS laws in many of the reviewed countries, there are no analyses on the positive or negative effects of these laws for the conservation, sustainable use of genetic resources, digital sequence information and traditional knowledge relevant to aquaculture and the equitable sharing of benefits from their use. These knowledge gaps may significantly undermine the sharing of resources and knowledge necessary for ecologically sustainable aquaculture development in Africa, which is crucial to food security and livelihoods.","PeriodicalId":21183,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture","volume":"31 1","pages":"180 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41787213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-14DOI: 10.1080/23308249.2021.2014175
B. Costa‐Pierce, A. Bockus, B. Buck, S. V. D. van den Burg, T. Chopin, J. Ferreira, N. Goseberg, K. Heasman, J. Johansen, S. Shumway, N. Sims, A. Tacon
Abstract A recent publication by Belton et al. raises points for policy-makers and scientists to consider with respect to the future of aquaculture making recommendations on policies and investments in systems and areas of the world where aquaculture can contribute most. Belton et al. take an ‘us versus them’ approach separating aquaculture by economics, livelihood choices, and water salinity. They conclude “that marine finfish aquaculture in offshore environments will confront economic, biophysical, and technological limitations that hinder its growth and prevent it from contributing significantly to global food and nutrition security.” They argue that land-based freshwater aquaculture is a more favorable production strategy than ocean/marine aquaculture; they disagree with government and non-governmental organizations spatial planning efforts that add new aquaculture to existing ocean uses; they advocate for open commons for wild fisheries as opposed to aquaculture; and they oppose ‘open ocean’ aquaculture and other types of industrial, capital-intensive, ‘carnivorous’ fish aquaculture. They discredit marine aquaculture rather than explain how all aquaculture sectors are significantly more efficient and sustainable for the future of food than nearly all land-based animal protein alternatives. As an interdisciplinary group of scientists who work in marine aquaculture, we disagree with both the biased analyses and the advocacy presented by Belton et al. Marine aquaculture is growing and is already making a significant contribution to economies and peoples worldwide. None of the concerns Belton et al. raise are new, but their stark statement that farming fish in the sea cannot ‘nourish the world’ misses the mark, and policy-makers would be wrong to follow their misinformed recommendations.
{"title":"A Fishy Story Promoting a False Dichotomy to Policy-Makers: It Is Not Freshwater vs. Marine Aquaculture","authors":"B. Costa‐Pierce, A. Bockus, B. Buck, S. V. D. van den Burg, T. Chopin, J. Ferreira, N. Goseberg, K. Heasman, J. Johansen, S. Shumway, N. Sims, A. Tacon","doi":"10.1080/23308249.2021.2014175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2021.2014175","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A recent publication by Belton et al. raises points for policy-makers and scientists to consider with respect to the future of aquaculture making recommendations on policies and investments in systems and areas of the world where aquaculture can contribute most. Belton et al. take an ‘us versus them’ approach separating aquaculture by economics, livelihood choices, and water salinity. They conclude “that marine finfish aquaculture in offshore environments will confront economic, biophysical, and technological limitations that hinder its growth and prevent it from contributing significantly to global food and nutrition security.” They argue that land-based freshwater aquaculture is a more favorable production strategy than ocean/marine aquaculture; they disagree with government and non-governmental organizations spatial planning efforts that add new aquaculture to existing ocean uses; they advocate for open commons for wild fisheries as opposed to aquaculture; and they oppose ‘open ocean’ aquaculture and other types of industrial, capital-intensive, ‘carnivorous’ fish aquaculture. They discredit marine aquaculture rather than explain how all aquaculture sectors are significantly more efficient and sustainable for the future of food than nearly all land-based animal protein alternatives. As an interdisciplinary group of scientists who work in marine aquaculture, we disagree with both the biased analyses and the advocacy presented by Belton et al. Marine aquaculture is growing and is already making a significant contribution to economies and peoples worldwide. None of the concerns Belton et al. raise are new, but their stark statement that farming fish in the sea cannot ‘nourish the world’ misses the mark, and policy-makers would be wrong to follow their misinformed recommendations.","PeriodicalId":21183,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture","volume":"30 1","pages":"429 - 446"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48370731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-13DOI: 10.1080/23308249.2020.1860474
A. Tacon, M. Metian, Aaron A. McNevin
Abstract Whilst the aquaculture sector continues to grow and make an ever increasing contribution to world food supplies, there is a need to ensure that the sector continues to develop in a socially, economically and environmentally sustainable manner, in line with the UN sustainable development goals. The present paper focusses on the major perceived sustainability issues related to feed inputs for finfish and crustacean aquaculture species, including sustainability issues related to feed formulation and ingredient selection, feed manufacture and feed quality, on-farm feed use and impacts, and fish quality and food safety.
{"title":"Future Feeds: Suggested Guidelines for Sustainable Development","authors":"A. Tacon, M. Metian, Aaron A. McNevin","doi":"10.1080/23308249.2020.1860474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2020.1860474","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Whilst the aquaculture sector continues to grow and make an ever increasing contribution to world food supplies, there is a need to ensure that the sector continues to develop in a socially, economically and environmentally sustainable manner, in line with the UN sustainable development goals. The present paper focusses on the major perceived sustainability issues related to feed inputs for finfish and crustacean aquaculture species, including sustainability issues related to feed formulation and ingredient selection, feed manufacture and feed quality, on-farm feed use and impacts, and fish quality and food safety.","PeriodicalId":21183,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture","volume":"30 1","pages":"135 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42095098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.1080/23308249.2021.1980767
Paul W. Zajicek, J. Corbin, S. Belle, R. Rheault
Abstract Sustainable domestic aquaculture development is a critical component to achieving greater U.S. seafood security in the future, yet detrimental allegations have corrupted public support. A variety of longstanding and inaccurate myths and assumptions directed at offshore aquaculture farming and its regulation have been foisted on the public. This paper refutes the most prevalent critiques by reviewing current policies, regulations, research and industry production practices. These criticisms include: inadequate regulatory oversight; portrayal of farms as being high density factories unconcerned by food waste, untreated discharge, use of antibiotic and antifungal treatments; entanglement of marine mammals; impacts on wild stocks and habitats; use of feed additives to pigment fish flesh; unsustainable use of fish meal in feed formulations; potential market disruption by producing cheap, low quality products; and commercial farms and commercial fishers cannot coexist as for-profit businesses. Marine aquaculture is not risk-free in terms of potential environmental, economic, social, and cultural impacts and challenges remain to achieve a sustainable industry. These challenges are well known and addressable by the U.S. and global research community. Current offshore farming realities bode well for the future: 1) there is a clear global imperative to sustainably produce more seafood to meet growing demand and the U.S. has the marine resources to become a major exporter, if U.S. law can be amended to grant offshore farmers a property right or security of tenure for sites in federal waters; 2) U.S. ocean farmers work within a very complex and effective legal, regulatory, science-driven environment to anticipate and mitigate potential impacts; 3) farm level management decisions and federal and state regulatory frameworks have worked together to bring about environmentally friendly siting, operational, and production outcomes, and 4) the farming community and its advocates in government, universities, and industry recognize it is essential to reach out to decision-makers and the interested public, as well as critics, with the latest research and empirical results to present an accurate picture of risks and rewards to development.
{"title":"Refuting Marine Aquaculture Myths, Unfounded Criticisms, and Assumptions","authors":"Paul W. Zajicek, J. Corbin, S. Belle, R. Rheault","doi":"10.1080/23308249.2021.1980767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2021.1980767","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sustainable domestic aquaculture development is a critical component to achieving greater U.S. seafood security in the future, yet detrimental allegations have corrupted public support. A variety of longstanding and inaccurate myths and assumptions directed at offshore aquaculture farming and its regulation have been foisted on the public. This paper refutes the most prevalent critiques by reviewing current policies, regulations, research and industry production practices. These criticisms include: inadequate regulatory oversight; portrayal of farms as being high density factories unconcerned by food waste, untreated discharge, use of antibiotic and antifungal treatments; entanglement of marine mammals; impacts on wild stocks and habitats; use of feed additives to pigment fish flesh; unsustainable use of fish meal in feed formulations; potential market disruption by producing cheap, low quality products; and commercial farms and commercial fishers cannot coexist as for-profit businesses. Marine aquaculture is not risk-free in terms of potential environmental, economic, social, and cultural impacts and challenges remain to achieve a sustainable industry. These challenges are well known and addressable by the U.S. and global research community. Current offshore farming realities bode well for the future: 1) there is a clear global imperative to sustainably produce more seafood to meet growing demand and the U.S. has the marine resources to become a major exporter, if U.S. law can be amended to grant offshore farmers a property right or security of tenure for sites in federal waters; 2) U.S. ocean farmers work within a very complex and effective legal, regulatory, science-driven environment to anticipate and mitigate potential impacts; 3) farm level management decisions and federal and state regulatory frameworks have worked together to bring about environmentally friendly siting, operational, and production outcomes, and 4) the farming community and its advocates in government, universities, and industry recognize it is essential to reach out to decision-makers and the interested public, as well as critics, with the latest research and empirical results to present an accurate picture of risks and rewards to development.","PeriodicalId":21183,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture","volume":"31 1","pages":"1 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41992071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-07DOI: 10.1080/23308249.2021.1988051
C. O’Keefe, S. Cadrin, G. Glemarec, Y. Rouxel
Abstract Despite the global scale of gillnet bycatch, universal measures that effectively reduce bycatch of seabirds in gillnets have not been found. Bycatch in coastal gillnet fisheries is an ongoing threat for several seabird species. Strategies to reduce seabird bycatch in gillnet fisheries were evaluated, focusing on the effectiveness of time-area fishing restrictions and gear-switching to meet seabird conservation objectives, ensure fisher acceptance, and avoid unintended consequences. A review of case studies showed that variations in the spatial and temporal distributions of target and non-target species may cause a mismatch between time-area regulations and high bycatch, but consideration of bycatch species behavior can help define effective fine-scale spatial and temporal measures. The potential for meeting conservation objectives through gear-switching is promising, with some further development needed for successful application. Combining measures (e.g., time-area fishing restrictions, gear-switching, visual and acoustic deterrents) may be feasible in some regions, if fine-scale spatial and temporal information about the overlap of seabirds and gillnet gear is available. A holistic approach to reduce seabird bycatch in gillnets, including understanding of seabird biology, habitat preference, and feeding ecology combined with information about fishing activity, target species, and socioeconomic impacts provides a framework to develop mitigation measures.
{"title":"Efficacy of Time-Area Fishing Restrictions and Gear-Switching as Solutions for Reducing Seabird Bycatch in Gillnet Fisheries","authors":"C. O’Keefe, S. Cadrin, G. Glemarec, Y. Rouxel","doi":"10.1080/23308249.2021.1988051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2021.1988051","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Despite the global scale of gillnet bycatch, universal measures that effectively reduce bycatch of seabirds in gillnets have not been found. Bycatch in coastal gillnet fisheries is an ongoing threat for several seabird species. Strategies to reduce seabird bycatch in gillnet fisheries were evaluated, focusing on the effectiveness of time-area fishing restrictions and gear-switching to meet seabird conservation objectives, ensure fisher acceptance, and avoid unintended consequences. A review of case studies showed that variations in the spatial and temporal distributions of target and non-target species may cause a mismatch between time-area regulations and high bycatch, but consideration of bycatch species behavior can help define effective fine-scale spatial and temporal measures. The potential for meeting conservation objectives through gear-switching is promising, with some further development needed for successful application. Combining measures (e.g., time-area fishing restrictions, gear-switching, visual and acoustic deterrents) may be feasible in some regions, if fine-scale spatial and temporal information about the overlap of seabirds and gillnet gear is available. A holistic approach to reduce seabird bycatch in gillnets, including understanding of seabird biology, habitat preference, and feeding ecology combined with information about fishing activity, target species, and socioeconomic impacts provides a framework to develop mitigation measures.","PeriodicalId":21183,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture","volume":"31 1","pages":"29 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45271700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.1080/23308249.2021.1985429
Na Zhao, Qiuxia Deng, Chunhua Zhu, Bo Zhang
Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from various eukaryotes range from 30–1000 nm in diameter, and contain numerous cargoes, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids with various functions, which might be promising biomarkers or important modulating molecules. Research into the roles of EVs in aquatic animals is in its infancy. Limited studies have confirmed the existence of EVs in different kinds of aquatic animals, such as fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and reptiles, and a few of them have shown that EVs have similar roles to those in higher vertebrates. Therefore, research on EVs from aquatic animals will not only deepen our understanding of the complex biological process in aquatic animals, but also will provide evolution-related information. This review summarizes EVs extracted from different aquatic species and their different tissues, including details of their extraction methods, identification, characterization, contents analysis, and application. This review provides a reference for the in-depth study of the extracellular systems of aquatic animals.
{"title":"Application of Extracellular Vesicles in Aquatic Animals: A Review of the Latest Decade","authors":"Na Zhao, Qiuxia Deng, Chunhua Zhu, Bo Zhang","doi":"10.1080/23308249.2021.1985429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2021.1985429","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from various eukaryotes range from 30–1000 nm in diameter, and contain numerous cargoes, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids with various functions, which might be promising biomarkers or important modulating molecules. Research into the roles of EVs in aquatic animals is in its infancy. Limited studies have confirmed the existence of EVs in different kinds of aquatic animals, such as fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and reptiles, and a few of them have shown that EVs have similar roles to those in higher vertebrates. Therefore, research on EVs from aquatic animals will not only deepen our understanding of the complex biological process in aquatic animals, but also will provide evolution-related information. This review summarizes EVs extracted from different aquatic species and their different tissues, including details of their extraction methods, identification, characterization, contents analysis, and application. This review provides a reference for the in-depth study of the extracellular systems of aquatic animals.","PeriodicalId":21183,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture","volume":"30 1","pages":"447 - 466"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43706668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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