Sarng S. Pyurveev, Mikhail S. Nekrasov, Nikolay S. Dedanishvili, Albina S. Nekrasova, Tatyana V. Brus, Andrei A. Lebedev, Nicanor V. Lavrov, Aleksandra V. Podrezova, Ruslan I. Glushakov, Petr D. Shabanov
BACKGROUND: Exposure to acute or chronic stress contributes to the occurrence of various disorders of the central nervous system, psycho-emotional sphere, as well as increases the risks of development of various forms of addiction.
AIM: The aim of the study is analyze the influence of maternal deprivation on voluntary alcohol consumption in adolescents and to determine the degree of the signs of compulsive behavior in experimental animals.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty male Wistar rats were taken in the research. A maternal deprivation model was carried out from day 2 to day 12 of the postnatal period (MD). Compulsivity (compulsive tendency) was evaluated in the ball burial test. Voluntary alcoholization with 10% ethyl alcohol solution in a two-bottle test was employed. Level of progesterone in blood plasma was determined by enzyme- immune analyses.
RESULTS: Changes in the level of progesterone in blood plasma in MD and control group of animals were detected. In the test of two bottles 10% of ethanol solution presented on days 2 and 3, statistically significant differences in consumption were determined in contrast to the control group. In the test of balloon diapering, MD group of animals showed a statistically proved significant increase in compulsiveness both before the beginning of voluntary alcoholization and on day 3 from the start.
CONCLUSIONS: The increase in compulsivity and voluntary ethanol consumption was significantly higher in the MD group, that is comparable to the increased level in blood plasma progesterone samples.
{"title":"Chronic mental stress in early ontogenesis increased risks of development for chemical and non-chemical forms of addiction","authors":"Sarng S. Pyurveev, Mikhail S. Nekrasov, Nikolay S. Dedanishvili, Albina S. Nekrasova, Tatyana V. Brus, Andrei A. Lebedev, Nicanor V. Lavrov, Aleksandra V. Podrezova, Ruslan I. Glushakov, Petr D. Shabanov","doi":"10.17816/rcf21169-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rcf21169-78","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Exposure to acute or chronic stress contributes to the occurrence of various disorders of the central nervous system, psycho-emotional sphere, as well as increases the risks of development of various forms of addiction.
 AIM: The aim of the study is analyze the influence of maternal deprivation on voluntary alcohol consumption in adolescents and to determine the degree of the signs of compulsive behavior in experimental animals.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty male Wistar rats were taken in the research. A maternal deprivation model was carried out from day 2 to day 12 of the postnatal period (MD). Compulsivity (compulsive tendency) was evaluated in the ball burial test. Voluntary alcoholization with 10% ethyl alcohol solution in a two-bottle test was employed. Level of progesterone in blood plasma was determined by enzyme- immune analyses.
 RESULTS: Changes in the level of progesterone in blood plasma in MD and control group of animals were detected. In the test of two bottles 10% of ethanol solution presented on days 2 and 3, statistically significant differences in consumption were determined in contrast to the control group. In the test of balloon diapering, MD group of animals showed a statistically proved significant increase in compulsiveness both before the beginning of voluntary alcoholization and on day 3 from the start.
 CONCLUSIONS: The increase in compulsivity and voluntary ethanol consumption was significantly higher in the MD group, that is comparable to the increased level in blood plasma progesterone samples.","PeriodicalId":21186,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135041313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valentin F. Sadykov, Rimma A. Poltavtseva, Alina V. Chaplygina, Natalia V. Bobkova
The pandemic caused by a new strain of SARS-CоV-2 coronavirus has swept the whole world, however, despite the developed strategic directions for the treatment of coronavirus infection and intensive research in all countries, effective methods for treating this severe pathology have not yet been created. The list of drugs against COVID-19 practically does not use compounds that affect the renin-angiotensin system, in the functioning of which the ACE2 coronavirus binding receptor plays a central role. It is assumed that the virus, causing a decrease in the density of ACE2 receptors, leads to disruption of RAS activity. This review presents current research on the response of the immune system to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, describes adaptive and innate cellular mechanisms, and describes a number of predictors of severe COVID-19.
To write this review, a search was made in the PubMed database and the scientific electronic library eLibrary.ru. The selection of articles was carried out manually with the main goal of synthesizing data and describing the mechanisms of influence of SARS-CoV-2 on the renin-angiotensin system, and, as a result, on the activation of the adaptive and innate immune response. This review includes 53 publications, including methodological recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, data from ongoing clinical trials and patents. Data from selected scientific sources were structured and visualized.
{"title":"Immune status and cytokine spectrum as predictive signs of the severity of the disease and the effectiveness of intensive care in patients with coronavirus infection COVID-19","authors":"Valentin F. Sadykov, Rimma A. Poltavtseva, Alina V. Chaplygina, Natalia V. Bobkova","doi":"10.17816/rcf21123-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rcf21123-34","url":null,"abstract":"The pandemic caused by a new strain of SARS-CоV-2 coronavirus has swept the whole world, however, despite the developed strategic directions for the treatment of coronavirus infection and intensive research in all countries, effective methods for treating this severe pathology have not yet been created. The list of drugs against COVID-19 practically does not use compounds that affect the renin-angiotensin system, in the functioning of which the ACE2 coronavirus binding receptor plays a central role. It is assumed that the virus, causing a decrease in the density of ACE2 receptors, leads to disruption of RAS activity. This review presents current research on the response of the immune system to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, describes adaptive and innate cellular mechanisms, and describes a number of predictors of severe COVID-19.
 To write this review, a search was made in the PubMed database and the scientific electronic library eLibrary.ru. The selection of articles was carried out manually with the main goal of synthesizing data and describing the mechanisms of influence of SARS-CoV-2 on the renin-angiotensin system, and, as a result, on the activation of the adaptive and innate immune response. This review includes 53 publications, including methodological recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, data from ongoing clinical trials and patents. Data from selected scientific sources were structured and visualized.","PeriodicalId":21186,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135041307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natalia O. Selizarova, Svetlana M. Napalkova, Natalia A. Anisimova, Sergey V. Okovityi
Modern ideas about the physiology of sleep and the pathogenesis of insomnia, as well as methods for its correction are presented. The classification of hypnotics by chemical structure, requirements for an ideal hypnotic, mechanisms of action, side effects, indications for use and features of the pharmacokinetics of individual representatives of hypnotics are given.
{"title":"Modern concepts about sleep disorders and methods of their correction","authors":"Natalia O. Selizarova, Svetlana M. Napalkova, Natalia A. Anisimova, Sergey V. Okovityi","doi":"10.17816/rcf21179-89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rcf21179-89","url":null,"abstract":"Modern ideas about the physiology of sleep and the pathogenesis of insomnia, as well as methods for its correction are presented. The classification of hypnotics by chemical structure, requirements for an ideal hypnotic, mechanisms of action, side effects, indications for use and features of the pharmacokinetics of individual representatives of hypnotics are given.","PeriodicalId":21186,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135041308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natalia S. Ponamareva, Vasiliy E. Novikov, Elena V. Pozhilova
The review analyzes the results of scientific research on the role of aquaporins in the pathogenesis of CNS diseases and the possibility of their pharmacological regulation.
Aquaporins (AQP) are proteins involved in the transmembrane transport of water and other substances. They form the water channels of cell membranes and are widely represented in various mammalian cells, including the membranes of human brain and spinal cord cells. To date, about 300 types of proteins of the aquaporin family have been discovered, of which 13 (AQP0AQP12) have been identified in human cells. Localization of different types of AQP in CNS structures, their functional activity and involvement in the development of CNS diseases differ. There are mainly three types of AQPs in the central nervous system: AQP1, AQP4 and AQP9. The results of scientific research indicate the most important role of AQP in maintaining water-salt homeostasis and ensuring physiological processes in the central nervous system, and also confirm the role of AQP in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases of the central nervous system (cerebral edema of various genesis, invasion of tumor cells and the formation of peritumorous edema, in the development of autoimmune diseases opticomyelitis, Alzheimers disease). Pharmacological regulation of the functional activity of aquaporins can influence the course of these diseases. Therefore, there is a natural interest in drugs that can change the expression of AQP.
Proteins of the aquaporin family provide transmembrane transport of water and play an essential role in the development of pathological conditions of the central nervous system. They can be potential targets for pharmacological effects in a number of diseases of the central nervous system. The search and study of drugs affecting the expression and functional activity of AQP is pathogenetically justified and is a promising direction in the development of pharmacotherapy strategies for cerebral edema, malignant brain tumors and other CNS diseases.
{"title":"Prospects of pharmacological regulation of aquaporin function in CNS diseases","authors":"Natalia S. Ponamareva, Vasiliy E. Novikov, Elena V. Pozhilova","doi":"10.17816/rcf21135-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rcf21135-48","url":null,"abstract":"The review analyzes the results of scientific research on the role of aquaporins in the pathogenesis of CNS diseases and the possibility of their pharmacological regulation.
 Aquaporins (AQP) are proteins involved in the transmembrane transport of water and other substances. They form the water channels of cell membranes and are widely represented in various mammalian cells, including the membranes of human brain and spinal cord cells. To date, about 300 types of proteins of the aquaporin family have been discovered, of which 13 (AQP0AQP12) have been identified in human cells. Localization of different types of AQP in CNS structures, their functional activity and involvement in the development of CNS diseases differ. There are mainly three types of AQPs in the central nervous system: AQP1, AQP4 and AQP9. The results of scientific research indicate the most important role of AQP in maintaining water-salt homeostasis and ensuring physiological processes in the central nervous system, and also confirm the role of AQP in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases of the central nervous system (cerebral edema of various genesis, invasion of tumor cells and the formation of peritumorous edema, in the development of autoimmune diseases opticomyelitis, Alzheimers disease). Pharmacological regulation of the functional activity of aquaporins can influence the course of these diseases. Therefore, there is a natural interest in drugs that can change the expression of AQP.
 Proteins of the aquaporin family provide transmembrane transport of water and play an essential role in the development of pathological conditions of the central nervous system. They can be potential targets for pharmacological effects in a number of diseases of the central nervous system. The search and study of drugs affecting the expression and functional activity of AQP is pathogenetically justified and is a promising direction in the development of pharmacotherapy strategies for cerebral edema, malignant brain tumors and other CNS diseases.","PeriodicalId":21186,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135040900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elena V. Litasova, Victor V. Iljin, Maria A. Brusina, Levon B. Piotrovskiy
The review is a continuation of the previously published one on the toxicity of spherical nanostructures of carbon, namely fullerenes and nanoonions. This review considers data on the toxicity of carbon nanostructures in sp2-hybridization of carbon atoms, which can be considered as formed from graphene sheets, and nanostructures formed by carbon atoms in sp3-hybridization, namely, nanodiamonds. Unfortunately, it should be repeated the conclusion made in the previous review that at the moment there is not enough data to use carbon nanostructures in practice, and therefore it is necessary to develop more effective and informative tests on animals, taking into account the characteristics of each type of nanomaterials.
{"title":"Toxicology of carbon nanostructures. Part 2. Nanoscale materials based on graphene sheets","authors":"Elena V. Litasova, Victor V. Iljin, Maria A. Brusina, Levon B. Piotrovskiy","doi":"10.17816/rcf2115-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rcf2115-22","url":null,"abstract":"The review is a continuation of the previously published one on the toxicity of spherical nanostructures of carbon, namely fullerenes and nanoonions. This review considers data on the toxicity of carbon nanostructures in sp2-hybridization of carbon atoms, which can be considered as formed from graphene sheets, and nanostructures formed by carbon atoms in sp3-hybridization, namely, nanodiamonds. Unfortunately, it should be repeated the conclusion made in the previous review that at the moment there is not enough data to use carbon nanostructures in practice, and therefore it is necessary to develop more effective and informative tests on animals, taking into account the characteristics of each type of nanomaterials.","PeriodicalId":21186,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135040902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tatiana N. Savanteeva-Lyubimova, Konstantin V. Sivak, Kira I. Stosman, Andrei G. Aleksandrov
BACKGROUND: Gestosis (preeclampsia) is an important problem of modern obstetrics. Despite the improvement of methods of prevention and treatment, there is an increase in the rate of this pregnancy complication. In this regard, the search for new approaches to the treatment of preeclampsia is an important problem of modern perinatology.
AIM: The aim of this study is studying of the effect of taurine on experimental gestosis in rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preeclampsia was induced on female rats by sodium nitrite and lipopolysaccharide. 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid was administered at a dose of 44.3 mg / kg (in terms of taurine) from the 16th to the 19th day of pregnancy. The number of implantation sites, resorption sites, live fetuses, weight of placentas and fetuses, lactate dehydrogenase activity, content of lactic and pyruvic acids, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde and creatine were evaluated.
RESULTS: It has been shown that 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid leads to normalization of the metabolic processes (the level of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, lactate and lactate dehydrogenase activity) in the body of pregnant female rats with induced preeclampsia in the last trimester of pregnancy. Taurine reduced the quantity of resorption, increased the weight of placentas and fetuses. Along with a correction of the lactate level, pyruvate and lactate dehydrogenase activity, it was observed a decrease of creatine level in placentas.
CONCLUSIONS: Obtained results allows us to recommend taurine, which has antioxidant, antihypoxic, membrane stabilizing, detoxifying, osmoregulating and diuretic effects, for the treatment of placental disorders with preeclampsia.
{"title":"The effect of taurine on state of experimental gestosis in rats","authors":"Tatiana N. Savanteeva-Lyubimova, Konstantin V. Sivak, Kira I. Stosman, Andrei G. Aleksandrov","doi":"10.17816/rcf21149-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rcf21149-56","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Gestosis (preeclampsia) is an important problem of modern obstetrics. Despite the improvement of methods of prevention and treatment, there is an increase in the rate of this pregnancy complication. In this regard, the search for new approaches to the treatment of preeclampsia is an important problem of modern perinatology.
 AIM: The aim of this study is studying of the effect of taurine on experimental gestosis in rats.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preeclampsia was induced on female rats by sodium nitrite and lipopolysaccharide. 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid was administered at a dose of 44.3 mg / kg (in terms of taurine) from the 16th to the 19th day of pregnancy. The number of implantation sites, resorption sites, live fetuses, weight of placentas and fetuses, lactate dehydrogenase activity, content of lactic and pyruvic acids, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde and creatine were evaluated.
 RESULTS: It has been shown that 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid leads to normalization of the metabolic processes (the level of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, lactate and lactate dehydrogenase activity) in the body of pregnant female rats with induced preeclampsia in the last trimester of pregnancy. Taurine reduced the quantity of resorption, increased the weight of placentas and fetuses. Along with a correction of the lactate level, pyruvate and lactate dehydrogenase activity, it was observed a decrease of creatine level in placentas.
 CONCLUSIONS: Obtained results allows us to recommend taurine, which has antioxidant, antihypoxic, membrane stabilizing, detoxifying, osmoregulating and diuretic effects, for the treatment of placental disorders with preeclampsia.","PeriodicalId":21186,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135040289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yaroslav A. Gushchin, Marina N. Makarova, Petr D. Shabanov
BACKGROUND: In preclinical studies on laboratory animals, oral administration with special probe for test substances is very in demand. Most studies are devoted to the psychophysiological and clinical-biochemical reaction of the animals body to this effect, but extremely few studies consider the effect of the manipulation itself on the development of pathology in the tissues of the gastrointestinal tract associated with the inevitable mechanical impact of the probe on the mucous membranes.
AIM: To identify pathological changes in the organs of the gastrointestinal tract of laboratory rats that are associated with the effects of intragastric administration of the tested substances, and compare the data obtained with the frequency of spontaneous diseases.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data of pathomorphological observations obtained from Wistar rats involved in the course of scientific work carried out at NPO Dom Pharmacy in the period from 2018 to 2021 were used. 1400 sentinel animals were analyzed, and the same number of intact rats. Intact animals were gavaged with a control substance (distilled water) for 14 days.
RESULTS: In less than 5% of clinically healthy animals, inflammatory diseases of insignificant intensity and prevalence in all parts of the intestine can be detected. As a result of the anipulation of intragastric administration, an almost twofold increase in the number of cases of catarrhal esophagitis and gastritis, erosive and ulcerative lesions of the mucous membrane of the esophagus and stomach in its glandular part and hyperkeratosis in its non-glandular part was noted.
CONCLUSIONS: The type and frequency of occurrence of the background pathology of the gastrointestinal tract of laboratory rats were determined. It has been proven that repeated traumatization of the mucous membrane associated with mechanical contact of a solid metal probe with the epithelium provokes the development of inflammatory diseases of the esophagus and stomach, without affecting the underlying parts of the intestine.
{"title":"Effect of intragastric administration on the morphology of laboratory rats’ gastrointestinal tract","authors":"Yaroslav A. Gushchin, Marina N. Makarova, Petr D. Shabanov","doi":"10.17816/rcf21157-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rcf21157-68","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: In preclinical studies on laboratory animals, oral administration with special probe for test substances is very in demand. Most studies are devoted to the psychophysiological and clinical-biochemical reaction of the animals body to this effect, but extremely few studies consider the effect of the manipulation itself on the development of pathology in the tissues of the gastrointestinal tract associated with the inevitable mechanical impact of the probe on the mucous membranes.
 AIM: To identify pathological changes in the organs of the gastrointestinal tract of laboratory rats that are associated with the effects of intragastric administration of the tested substances, and compare the data obtained with the frequency of spontaneous diseases.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data of pathomorphological observations obtained from Wistar rats involved in the course of scientific work carried out at NPO Dom Pharmacy in the period from 2018 to 2021 were used. 1400 sentinel animals were analyzed, and the same number of intact rats. Intact animals were gavaged with a control substance (distilled water) for 14 days.
 RESULTS: In less than 5% of clinically healthy animals, inflammatory diseases of insignificant intensity and prevalence in all parts of the intestine can be detected. As a result of the anipulation of intragastric administration, an almost twofold increase in the number of cases of catarrhal esophagitis and gastritis, erosive and ulcerative lesions of the mucous membrane of the esophagus and stomach in its glandular part and hyperkeratosis in its non-glandular part was noted.
 CONCLUSIONS: The type and frequency of occurrence of the background pathology of the gastrointestinal tract of laboratory rats were determined. It has been proven that repeated traumatization of the mucous membrane associated with mechanical contact of a solid metal probe with the epithelium provokes the development of inflammatory diseases of the esophagus and stomach, without affecting the underlying parts of the intestine.","PeriodicalId":21186,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135040899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. Adiponectin (AN) is an adipose tissue protein that affects the development of metabolic syndrome (MS) and atherosclerosis. In this regard, this adipokine can be considered as a possible therapeutic target. Aim. The aim was to determine to what extent the change in plasma AN concentration during the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD) as well as the AN concentration at the start of the therapy correlate with the effectiveness of CHD treatment in patients with MS. Materials and methods. Thirty-one patients with CHD and MS (age 59.75.9 years, 21 women) which had the reexamination after 2-3 years were selected for the study. Most patients received statin therapy (n=26), several patients took fibrates (n=4), hypoglycemic drugs (n=4). The patients also received hypotensive and antithrombotic therapy. The effectiveness of CHD therapy was assessed by changes in the functional class of angina pectoris and indicators of exercise tolerance in cycle ergometry. The levels of glucose, insulin, AN, leptin, and lipidogram parameters were determined in blood plasma samples during at the initial and reexamination period. Results. During therapy, the insulin sensitivity and plasma lipid spectrum were improved, the concentration of leptin in plasma was reduced while the adiponectin levels were increased. In addition, in some patients there was an improving in exercise tolerance. Among the biochemical parameters, only a change in insulin resistance during therapy correlated with an improvement in the exercise performance indicators during cycle ergometry (r = -0.32 -0.36, p0.05). At the same time, according to multiple regression analysis, the initial AN concentration was an independent determinant of changes in the inotropic reserve and the amount of work performed (=0.44, p=0.04 and =0.64, p=0.008). Conclusion. The revealed relationship of plasma AN concentration with changes in exercise tolerance in the course of CHD therapy provide the basis for future development of specific ways for rising the levels of this adipokine.
{"title":"Plasma adiponectin as a predictor of the effectiveness of CHD therapy in patients with metabolic syndrome","authors":"E. Firova, Tanyanskiy Tanyanskiy","doi":"10.17816/rcf321745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rcf321745","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Adiponectin (AN) is an adipose tissue protein that affects the development of metabolic syndrome (MS) and atherosclerosis. In this regard, this adipokine can be considered as a possible therapeutic target. \u0000Aim. The aim was to determine to what extent the change in plasma AN concentration during the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD) as well as the AN concentration at the start of the therapy correlate with the effectiveness of CHD treatment in patients with MS. \u0000Materials and methods. Thirty-one patients with CHD and MS (age 59.75.9 years, 21 women) which had the reexamination after 2-3 years were selected for the study. Most patients received statin therapy (n=26), several patients took fibrates (n=4), hypoglycemic drugs (n=4). The patients also received hypotensive and antithrombotic therapy. The effectiveness of CHD therapy was assessed by changes in the functional class of angina pectoris and indicators of exercise tolerance in cycle ergometry. The levels of glucose, insulin, AN, leptin, and lipidogram parameters were determined in blood plasma samples during at the initial and reexamination period. \u0000Results. During therapy, the insulin sensitivity and plasma lipid spectrum were improved, the concentration of leptin in plasma was reduced while the adiponectin levels were increased. In addition, in some patients there was an improving in exercise tolerance. Among the biochemical parameters, only a change in insulin resistance during therapy correlated with an improvement in the exercise performance indicators during cycle ergometry (r = -0.32 -0.36, p0.05). At the same time, according to multiple regression analysis, the initial AN concentration was an independent determinant of changes in the inotropic reserve and the amount of work performed (=0.44, p=0.04 and =0.64, p=0.008). \u0000Conclusion. The revealed relationship of plasma AN concentration with changes in exercise tolerance in the course of CHD therapy provide the basis for future development of specific ways for rising the levels of this adipokine.","PeriodicalId":21186,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75410150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tatiana N. Savanteeva-Lyubimova, K. V. Sivak, K. Stosman, A. Aleksandrov
BACKGROUND: Gestosis (preeclampsia) is an important problem of modern obstetrics. Despite the improvement of methods of prevention and treatment, there is an increase in the rate of this pregnancy complication. In this regard, the search for new approaches to the treatment of preeclampsia is an important problem of modern perinatology. AIM: The aim of this study is studying of the effect of taurine on experimental gestosis in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preeclampsia was induced on female rats by sodium nitrite and lipopolysaccharide. 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid was administered at a dose of 44.3 mg / kg (in terms of taurine) from the 16th to the 19th day of pregnancy. The number of implantation sites, resorption sites, live fetuses, weight of placentas and fetuses, lactate dehydrogenase activity, content of lactic and pyruvic acids, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde and creatine were evaluated. RESULTS: It has been shown that 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid leads to normalization of the metabolic processes (the level of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, lactate and lactate dehydrogenase activity) in the body of pregnant female rats with induced preeclampsia in the last trimester of pregnancy. Taurine reduced the quantity of resorption, increased the weight of placentas and fetuses. Along with a correction of the lactate level, pyruvate and lactate dehydrogenase activity, it was observed a decrease of creatine level in placentas. CONCLUSIONS: Obtained results allows us to recommend taurine, which has antioxidant, antihypoxic, membrane stabilizing, detoxifying, osmoregulating and diuretic effects, for the treatment of placental disorders with preeclampsia.
{"title":"The effect of taurine on state of experimental gestosis in rats","authors":"Tatiana N. Savanteeva-Lyubimova, K. V. Sivak, K. Stosman, A. Aleksandrov","doi":"10.17816/rcf114831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rcf114831","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Gestosis (preeclampsia) is an important problem of modern obstetrics. Despite the improvement of methods of prevention and treatment, there is an increase in the rate of this pregnancy complication. In this regard, the search for new approaches to the treatment of preeclampsia is an important problem of modern perinatology. \u0000AIM: The aim of this study is studying of the effect of taurine on experimental gestosis in rats. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preeclampsia was induced on female rats by sodium nitrite and lipopolysaccharide. 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid was administered at a dose of 44.3 mg / kg (in terms of taurine) from the 16th to the 19th day of pregnancy. The number of implantation sites, resorption sites, live fetuses, weight of placentas and fetuses, lactate dehydrogenase activity, content of lactic and pyruvic acids, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde and creatine were evaluated. \u0000RESULTS: It has been shown that 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid leads to normalization of the metabolic processes (the level of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, lactate and lactate dehydrogenase activity) in the body of pregnant female rats with induced preeclampsia in the last trimester of pregnancy. Taurine reduced the quantity of resorption, increased the weight of placentas and fetuses. Along with a correction of the lactate level, pyruvate and lactate dehydrogenase activity, it was observed a decrease of creatine level in placentas. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: Obtained results allows us to recommend taurine, which has antioxidant, antihypoxic, membrane stabilizing, detoxifying, osmoregulating and diuretic effects, for the treatment of placental disorders with preeclampsia.","PeriodicalId":21186,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91164581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. O. Selizarova, S. M. Napalkova, N. Anisimova, S. Okovityi
Modern ideas about the physiology of sleep and the pathogenesis of insomnia, as well as methods for its correction are presented. The classification of hypnotics by chemical structure, requirements for an ideal hypnotic, mechanisms of action, side effects, indications for use and features of the pharmacokinetics of individual representatives of hypnotics are given.
{"title":"Modern concepts about sleep disorders and methods of their correction","authors":"N. O. Selizarova, S. M. Napalkova, N. Anisimova, S. Okovityi","doi":"10.17816/rcf225849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rcf225849","url":null,"abstract":"Modern ideas about the physiology of sleep and the pathogenesis of insomnia, as well as methods for its correction are presented. The classification of hypnotics by chemical structure, requirements for an ideal hypnotic, mechanisms of action, side effects, indications for use and features of the pharmacokinetics of individual representatives of hypnotics are given.","PeriodicalId":21186,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","volume":"266 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77794662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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