Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Modern representations about signaling pathways and protective mechanisms of ferroptosis. A biological role of diffusion of death signals of ferroptotic cells","authors":"Vladimir I. Vashchenko, Elena F. Sorocoletova, Petr D. Shabanov","doi":"10.17816/rcf567780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rcf567780","url":null,"abstract":"Ferroptosis as the type nonapoptosis adjustable destruction of cells arises and develops by means of difficult signals and regulatory mechanisms. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) used to initiate ferroptosis come from a variety of sources, including iron-mediated Fenton reactions, mitochondrial ROS, and membrane-associated ROS driven by the NOX protein family. Polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing phospholipids are the main substrates of lipid peroxidation in ferroptosis, which is positively regulated by enzymes, such as ACSL4, LPCAT3, ALOXs, or POR. Selective activation of autophagic degradation pathways promotes ferroptosis by increasing iron accumulation to cause lipid peroxidation. In contrast, system Xc-glutathioneGPX4 axis plays a central role in limiting lipid peroxidation, although other antioxidants (such as coenzyme Q10 and tetrahydrobiopterin) can also inhibit ferroptosis. A main nuclear mechanism of cell defense against ferroptosis is the activation of the NFE2L2-dependent antioxidant response by transcriptionally upregulating the expression of antioxidants or cytoprotective genes. Additionally, the membrane damage caused by ferroptotic stimulus can be repaired by ESCRT-III-dependent membrane scission machinery. In this review, we summarize recent progress in understanding the signaling pathways and defense mechanisms of ferroptosis.","PeriodicalId":21186,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136352418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical manifestations and mechanisms of formation of neurological disorders in patients with vibration disease","authors":"Victoria V. Vorobieva, Olga S. Levchenkova","doi":"10.17816/rcf567786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rcf567786","url":null,"abstract":"The review presents an analysis of literature sources devoted to the study of changes in the nervous system in patients with vibration disease. Vibration-mediated cellular hypoxia, which occurs as a result of spastic changes in blood vessels, phase fluctuations in intravascular pressure, impaired blood and lymph outflow, causes suppression of energy metabolism, contributes to disorders at the level of receptor (glutamate, GABA-ergic, dopamine and cholinergic) and synaptic structures, conductors of pain and temperature sensitivity (demyelinization), analyzing neurons in the parietal region of the brain, regulatory proteins of the nervous tissue (NF-200, GFAP S-100). A low-amplitude, irregular, disorganized and sometimes deformed EEG spectrum with a predominance of the alpha wave and a shift of the alpha rhythm to the left reflects changes in the spontaneous electrical activity of brain structures in patients. With an increase in the experience dose of vibration-noise exposure, the dominant alpha activity changes to slow-wave or polyrhythmic. Mild and moderate diffuse changes in the brain become focal in nature, cortical-subcortical relationships are disrupted at the diencephalic level, creating a pathophysiological basis for sensorineural (sensory-neural) hearing loss, especially in patients with a genetic predisposition mediated by genes encoding proteins of the heat shock system. The psycho-emotional status of patients is characterized by a hypochondriacal focus on the state of health, mental disadaptation, psycho-emotional disorders in the form of anxiety, depressive mood. The analysis of literature sources on the mechanisms of the formation of neurological disorders in patients with vibration disease revealed the lack of data on the state of the multicomponent ghrelin system interacting with GHSR-1A and GHSR-1B receptors, which determines a new vector in further experimental and clinical studies.","PeriodicalId":21186,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136294935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of osteogenesis processes against the background of experimental osteoporosis therapy","authors":"Alekber A. Bayramov, Nailya Sh. Mamina, Dmitriy А. Lisovskiy, Nikita A. Fedorov, Tatiana L. Karonova, Petr D. Shabanov","doi":"10.17816/rcf567788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rcf567788","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Osteoporosis is a problem all over the world with important clinical and economic consequences. A significant contribution to solving the problem of the spread of osteoporosis can be the creation of drugs based on unique biologically active compounds.
 The aim was to evaluate the processes of osteogenesis, according to the formation of an organic matrix of bone tissue, as well as to evaluate markers of bone remodeling in blood serum at the stages of anti-osteoporosis therapy.
 Materials and methods. The study was performed on an experimental model of osteoporosis using biochemical methods for analyzing markers of osteoporosis in blood serum, as well as atomic absorption spectroscopy and X-ray densitometry.
 Results. According to the results of the study, the specific anti-osteoporotic activity of the new drug based on succinic acid salts was proved - a significant increase in the organic component the total collagen in bone tissue and the mineral component - the main elements in bone tissue in both young and old senile animals. Evaluation of the dynamics of the content of markers of bone remodeling showed the high effectiveness of the new drug in monotherapy, and in combination with vitamin D3 in the activation of osteogenesis processes in experimental osteoporosis.
 Conclusion. The effectiveness of the proposed anti-osteoporotic agent is shown, which is more pronounced in senile rats and is due to a proportional increase in the organic and mineral components of bone tissue.","PeriodicalId":21186,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136293715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological correction of adaptive asthenia in high-class athletes","authors":"Viktorovna Galina Buznik, Pavel V. Rodichkin","doi":"10.17816/rcf567787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rcf567787","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Metabolic protectors containing (Mexicor, Cytoflavin, Metaprot Plus) or not containing (Emoxipin, Riboxin, Metaprot) succinate in their structure showed a sufficiently high clinical efficacy in eliminating or reducing the asthenic symptom complex in athletes with overtraining.
 AIM: The aim of the study was to develop the principles of rational pharmacological correction of asthenic symptom complex in high performance athletes using succinate-free and succinate-containing metabolic protectors (Mexicor, Riboxin/Cytoflavin, Metaprot/Metaprot Plus).
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 104 high-class athletes of various specializations, which was conducted during the period of the athletes training camps in the pre-competitive period. Due to the high physical and mental stress in the pre-competition period and the focus on competitive selection for responsible international competitions, a short (15 days) study period was used. The maximum loads in athletes were achieved by the end of the 7th day of training, followed by stabilization of the loads and its optimization by the 15th day. The work was performed in compliance with all the rules of evidence-based medicine and ethical standards of work (obtaining informed consent, randomization, the use of a double-blind placebo-controlled method of treatment, valid methods of statistical evaluation).
 RESULTS: The course prescription of succinate-containing metabolic protectors during the period of preparation for competitions had a favorable effect on the restoration of high functional indicators, which is confirmed by an objective assessment of the functional state of athletes, data from biochemical studies of metabolism (carbohydrate, protein and fat), as well as the oxidative status of athletes. In the groups of athletes who received metabolic protectors, recovery was more active than in the placebo group, this was especially noticeable in the groups that received Metaprot plus, Metaprot and Сytoflavin, to a lesser extent Мexicor and Riboxin. In the latter case, the indicators in the stress tests of Stange and Gench were not fully restored, which was also reflected in the reduced Bogomazov index. It is important to emphasize that the indicators of physical endurance (PWC170) reached the values of the initial period, which indicates the optimization of loads under the influence of metabolic agents.
 CONCLUSIONS: The most effective in restoring the functional state of high-class athletes are succinate-containing metabolic agents (Metaprot plus, Cytoflavin, Mexicor) and to a lesser extent (in comparison with them) drugs that do not contain succinic acid (Riboxin, partly Metaprot). LPO indicators, initially somewhat elevated in athletes, showed a tendency to normalize under the influence of the appointment of metabolic protectors. Almost all studied preparations showed activity according to these tests, although the most pronounced positive changes were registered aft","PeriodicalId":21186,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136295368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical-chemical repurposing of drugs. History of its formation in Russia","authors":"Aleksandr L. Urakov, Petr D. Shabanov","doi":"10.17816/rcf567782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rcf567782","url":null,"abstract":"It is reported that the traditional scheme of finding and developing a new drug and conducting the whole complex of preclinical studies requires several thousand chemical compounds, hundreds of millions of US dollars and more than 12 years of work. It is shown that physicochemical pharmacology was born in Russia at the end of the 20th century, which in our days has been transformed into physicochemical repurposing of known medicines. The first successfully repurposed known drug was a solution of 4% potassium chloride, which had previously traditionally belonged to the group of macro- and microelements, used by intravenous injections to regulate acid-base balance and rhythmic activity of the heart. In 1983, it was stated that this medicinal solution, when heated to 3942C and applied topically by irrigation of the bleeding surface, could be classified as a vasoconstrictor and hemostatic drug. Hyperthermia was used as a physico-chemical reprofiling factor, which, according to the Arrhenius law, accelerated and intensified, on the one hand, the spastic action of K+ cations on the gaping blood vessels (formation of hyperkalium contracture in the smooth muscles of the vascular wall) and, on the other hand, the blood clotting process in the wound. In subsequent years, the promise of physicochemical repurposing of known drugs was shown on the example of water, hydrogen peroxide, sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate by purposefully changing their temperature, acid, osmotic activity, as well as the amount and quality of gas content (passing). A chronology of the physicochemical repurposing of known drug solutions and tablets is described and the essence of such new groups of drugs as bleachers of bruises and pyolytics is given. It is shown that both groups of drugs were discovered in Russia and are intended for local use to bleach bruises (blood stains) and dissolve thick mucus, sputum, pus, blood clots, meconium and other dense biological tissues containing the enzyme catalase. It is pointed out that the advantage and at the same time the limitation of the known drugs repurposed according to this scheme is their local application, since their new pharmacological activity is caused mainly by the physical and chemical principle of action, which is manifested by local interaction with the selected area of the patients organism.","PeriodicalId":21186,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136294934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF MAMMALIAN KISSPEPTIN ANALOGUES AND KISSPEPTIN 10 IN DANIO RERIO","authors":"V. A. Goltz, A. Lebedev","doi":"10.17816/rcf321976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rcf321976","url":null,"abstract":"The neuropeptide kisspeptin is currently most widely known as a regulator of mammalian sexual behavior. For pharmacological analysis, mammalian Kiss1 kisspeptin analogues were used, Clone (USA): KS4, KS5, KS6, KS7, KS8, KS9 and Kiss 10. Kisspeptins were dissolved in aquarium water and applied in two doses: 1). 0.01 mg per 1000 ml of water; 2). 0.1 mg per 1000 ml of water. Phenazepam was dissolved in water and used in three doses: 1) 0.1 mg per 1000 ml of water; 2) 0.5 mg per 1000 ml of water; 3) 1 mg per 1000 ml of water. This paper compares kisspeptines with anxiolytics using phenazepam as an example in the novelty test. It was shown that in response to the novelty of being placed in the viewing tank, fish responded by diving to the bottom, increasing freesing, and decreasing the number of movements to the upper half of the tank. Fish residence time in the lower part of the tank after administration of phenazepepam decreased, especially when used at a dose of 0.5 and 1 mg/liter. Kisspeptin analogues decreased the indices characterizing the anxious state of the fish. Against the background of Kiss1 kisspeptin analogues, the average fish path length differed significantly in contrast to the effects of phenazepam. KS 4 at a dose of 0.1 mg/L showed a 1.4-fold decrease in the number of freesing, 1.4-fold decrease in the freesing time and 1.4-fold decrease in the trajectory length. The number of transitions to the upper part of the tank increased 1.5 times. The dose of 0.01 mg/l decreased the number of freesing by 1.5 times, freesing time by 1.5 times, trajectory length by 3 times. KS 5 at a dose of 0.1 mg/L decreased the number of freesings by a factor of 1.6, the freesing time by a factor of 1.6, and the trajectory length by a factor of 1.17. The number of transitions to the upper part of the tank increased 1.5 times. The dose of 0.01 mg/l decreased the number of freesing by 3 times, freesing time by 2.8 times, trajectory length by 2.8 times. KS 6 at a dose of 0.1 mg/l decreased the number of freesings by 2.7 times, the freesing time by 2 times, and the trajectory length by 2.5 times. The number of transitions to the upper part of the aquarium increased 2.5 times. The dose of 0, 01 mg/ml decreased the number of freesing by 2.6 times, freesing time by 2.6 times, trajectory length by 1.7 times. KS 7 at a dose of 0.1 mg/L decreased the number of freesing by a factor of 1.7, freesing time by a factor of 1.4, and trajectory length by a factor of 1.3. The number of movements to the top of the aquarium increased 1.6-fold. The dose of 0.01 mg/l decreased the number of freesing by 1.7 times, freesing time by 1.4 times, trajectory length by 1.6 times. KS8 at a dose of 0.1 mg/L decreased the number of freesings by 1.6 times, the freesing time by 1.7 times, and the trajectory length by 1.6 times. The dose of 0.01 mg/l decreased the number of freesing by 2.3 times, the freesing time by 2.2 times, and the trajectory length by 1.8 times. KS9 at a dose of 0.1 mg/l ","PeriodicalId":21186,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87425938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alkaline hydrogen peroxide solutions with expectorant, pyolytic, mucolytic, haemolytic, oxygen-releasing and decolorising effects","authors":"Eugeniy L. Fisher, A. Urakov, A. Samorodov, I. Bashirov, P. Shabanov","doi":"10.17816/rcf492316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rcf492316","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. It was shown that the effect of local action of hydrogen peroxide solution on such dense biological masses as pus, mucus, sputum and blood clots depends not only on the concentration of the main ingredient, but also on the alkalinity of the solution as well as on the temperature of the interaction media. In particular, an increase in solution temperature from +24 - +26 to +45 - +55 C and its alkalinity from pH 7.0 to pH 8.4 - 8.5 increases the pyolytic, mucolytic, hemolytic, bleaching and oxygen-releasing activity of hydrogen peroxide solutions. The indicated level of hyperthermia is provided by simple physical heating of the solution, and the indicated level of alkalinity is provided by introducing sodium bicarbonate into it. It has been found out that hyperthermia according to the laws of physics reduces viscosity of biological masses, increases their fluidity, permeability to the antiseptic solution, miscibility and solubility in it as well as increases the rate of chemical, physico-chemical and biochemical processes according to Arrhenius law. In particular, increasing the temperature of interacting media accelerates the process of alkaline saponification of proteins and protein-lipid complexes that form the basis of colloidal biological masses. In addition, hyperthermia accelerates and strengthens the process of enzymatic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen gas, which takes place under the action of the enzyme catalase, which is always present in most biological masses. At the same time, the released molecular oxygen forms gas bubbles, which simulate the process of cold boiling and due to this \"explode\" biological masses, turning them into a fluffy white foam. The fact is that oxygen in an alkaline environment oxidizes biological pigments, including hemoglobin and its metabolites of different colors, and discolors them.","PeriodicalId":21186,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73495665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotiogenic effects of аntorex, a novel OX1R antagonist, on emotional manifestations of anxiety and compulsiveness in rats","authors":"A. Lebedev, V. V. Lukashkova, A. G. Pshenichnaya, E. Bychkov, V. Lebedev, Vladimir V. Rusanovsky, P. Shabanov","doi":"10.17816/rcf492319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rcf492319","url":null,"abstract":"Background. In recent years, the role of orexins and their receptors in the regulation of the emotions, motivations and brain reinforcing systems has been studied. Orexin is an important regulator of the extrahypothalamic system of corticotropin-releasing hormone. This provides grounds for the search for new pharmacological agents for the treatment of phobic spectrum disorders among drugs that modulate orexin regulation. \u0000Aim: To analyze the effect of the new OX1R antagonist Antorex on the emotional manifestations of anxiety in rats. \u0000Methods. Experiments were performed on 38 Wistar male rats. Behavior was tested in rats; Antorex 1 g/l (or water) with a volume of 20 l (10 l in each nostril) was intranasally administered. To achieve this goal, a battery of behavioral tests was used: elevated plus maze, open field, marble test, intruder-resident test and anxiety-phobic state assessment. \u0000Results. In the elevated plus maze test, Antorex showed moderate anxiolytic activity, increasing the time spent in the light arm compared to control animals. In a marble test, after Antorex administration, a decrease in the number of buried balloons was observed, as a reflection of a decrease in the obsessive-compulsive state of anxiety. In the anxiety-phobic state assessment test, a decrease in the avoidance reaction to the action of the hand was registered. In the \"open field\" test, a decrease in motor activity was observed. \u0000Conclusion. The OX1R antagonist Antorex has an anxiolytic and sedative effect reducing compulsive behavior without affecting the communicative activity. The data obtained provide grounds for the development of new approaches to the treatment of phobic spectrum disorders using drugs that modulate orexin regulation.","PeriodicalId":21186,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79868096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the influence of peptide bioregulators on the resistance of the organism to adverse effects","authors":"A. E. Kim","doi":"10.17816/rcf456396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rcf456396","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the prospects of using peptide bioregulators-cytomedins to increase the body's resistance to adverse environmental influences. Scientific publications on the general mechanisms of action of peptide bioregulators, the main clinical effects and applications, the results of studying their activity in individuals with signs of asthenia and reduced immunoreactivity under conditions of hypoxia, hyperthermia, exposure to aviation and space flight factors, deep-sea diving, and a complex of factors of the Arctic zone were analyzed. It has been shown that under the conditions of a single intranasal administration in low doses, the use of cortexin, epithalamin, thymogen and prostatilen contributes to an increase in the tolerance of adverse effects, and their short course use is characterized by the presence of delayed positive effects, reflecting the effect of drugs on the level of nonspecific resistance of the organism. The specific features of the action of individual drugs depend on the type of adverse effect and the organ tropism of the drug.","PeriodicalId":21186,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75704454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circular RNAs - modern view on the molecular mechanism of neurologic diseases of the human. Prospects of search of new therapeutic agents","authors":"P. Shabanov, V. I. Vashchenko, L. Savelieva, Yuliia E. Romashova","doi":"10.17816/rcf334925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rcf334925","url":null,"abstract":"In mammals, many classes of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are expressed at a much higher level in the brain than in other organs. Recent studies have identified a new class of ncRNAs called circular RNAs (circRNAs), which are produced by back-splicing and fusion of either exons, introns, or both exon-intron into covalently closed loops. The circRNAs are also highly enriched in the brain and increase continuously from the embryonic to the adult stage.Although the functional significance and mechanism of action of circRNAs are still being actively explored, they are thought to regulate the transcription of their host genes and sequestration of miRNAs and RNA binding proteins. Some circRNAs are also shown to have translation potential to form peptides. The expression and abundance of circRNAs seem to be spatiotemporally maintained in a normal brain.Altered expression of circRNAs is also thought to mediate several disorders, including brain-tumor growth, and acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders by affecting mechanisms such as angiogenesis, neuronal plasticity, autophagy, apoptosis, and inflammation. These extraordinary peculiarities make circRNAs potentially suitable as promising molecular biomarkers, especially of neurodegenerative diseases. This review represents generalisation of the new data about circRNAs, underlining their role in a pathogenesis of the basic neurodegenerative disorders: emphasizing their role in pathogenesis of major neurodegenerative disorders, Alzheimers disease, frontotemporal dementia, and Parkinsons diseases, schizophrenia diseases, ALS with a look toward their potential usefulness in biomarker searching.","PeriodicalId":21186,"journal":{"name":"Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84790154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}