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Modeling of combined heat and power generation unit for dynamic analysis of integrated thermal-electric grids* 热电联网动态分析的热电联产机组建模*
Sai Kiran Samboju, Vivek Teja Tanjavooru, Daniel Zinsmeister, V. Perić
Despite the availability of extensive literature on the benefits and optimization of integrated thermal-electric grids, the dynamics aspects of their operation are not often investigated and well understood. Combined Heat and Power (CHP) units that simultaneously generate electricity and useful heat are one of the main coupling elements between thermal and electric systems with complex dynamic behavior. This paper describes the effort to develop a dynamic model of a CHP unit that will be adequate for use in studies of integrated thermal-electric grids. The proposed model consists of the combustion engine, heat exchanger, exhaust heat exchanger and an induction generator. The developed model is calibrated using parameters of a CHP unit with the goal to validate the behavior of the model against the hardware testbed with the same CHP unit in the laboratory at the Research Center for Combined Smart Energy Systems (CoSES) of the Technical University of Munich (TUM). The individual components, internal combustion engine, heat exchanger, exhaust heat exchanger and induction generator, are modeled separately in from Modelica library. The water heat exchanger and the exhaust heat exchanger are modelled considering the condensing effect of water.
尽管有大量关于综合热电电网的好处和优化的文献,但其运行的动力学方面通常没有被调查和很好地理解。热电联产机组是热电系统的主要耦合元件之一,它同时产生电能和有用热,具有复杂的动态特性。本文描述了开发热电联产装置动态模型的努力,该模型将足以用于综合热电电网的研究。该模型由内燃机、热交换器、排气热交换器和感应发电机组成。所开发的模型使用热电联产装置的参数进行校准,目的是在慕尼黑工业大学(TUM)联合智能能源系统研究中心(CoSES)的实验室中,针对同一热电联产装置的硬件测试平台验证模型的行为。各个部件,内燃机,热交换器,排气热交换器和感应发电机,分别在Modelica库中建模。考虑了水的冷凝作用,对水换热器和排热交换器进行了建模。
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引用次数: 0
Explainable cyber-physical energy systems based on knowledge graph 基于知识图谱的可解释网络物理能量系统
Peb Ruswono Aryan, F. Ekaputra, M. Sabou, Daniel Hauer, R. Mosshammer, A. Einfalt, Tomasz Miksa, A. Rauber
Explainability can help cyber-physical systems alleviating risk in automating decisions that are affecting our life. Building an explainable cyber-physical system requires deriving explanations from system events and causality between the system elements. Cyber-physical energy systems such as smart grids involve cyber and physical aspects of energy systems and other elements, namely social and economic. Moreover, a smart-grid scale can range from a small village to a large region across countries. Therefore, integrating these varieties of data and knowledge is a fundamental challenge to build an explainable cyber-physical energy system. This paper aims to use knowledge graph based framework to solve this challenge. The framework consists of an ontology to model and link data from various sources and graph-based algorithm to derive explanations from the events. A simulated demand response scenario covering the above aspects further demonstrates the applicability of this framework.
可解释性可以帮助网络物理系统减轻影响我们生活的自动化决策的风险。建立一个可解释的网络物理系统需要从系统事件和系统要素之间的因果关系中得出解释。网络-物理能源系统,如智能电网,涉及能源系统的网络和物理方面以及其他要素,即社会和经济。此外,智能电网的规模可以从一个小村庄扩展到跨越多个国家的大地区。因此,整合这些不同的数据和知识是建立一个可解释的网络物理能源系统的基本挑战。本文旨在利用基于知识图谱的框架来解决这一难题。该框架由本体和基于图的算法组成,本体用于对各种来源的数据进行建模和链接,算法用于从事件中导出解释。一个涵盖上述各方面的模拟需求响应方案进一步证明了这个框架的适用性。
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引用次数: 4
Impact of hydraulic faults on the electric system in an integrated multi-energy microgrid 综合多能微电网中液压故障对电力系统的影响
Ruihao Song, T. Hamacher, V. Perić
Undesired behaviors such as cross-network faults start to emerge when energy systems are coupled together. It is important to understand such phenomena and to develop countermeasures to ensure energy supply stability. In this paper, coupled heat and electric system is studied. If a fault happens in the heat system, it is possible that the electric microgrid will get a cascading failure. This is important because hydraulic faults in heat supply systems can happen quite often due to pipe bursts and sometimes can be hard to detect. This fault type may lead to a short-time or constant electrical power surge and power quality degradation. This paper focuses on dynamic modelling and simulation of cross-network fault propagation and its potential impact on low inertia electric microgrid. The presented simulation results suggest that a pipe burst fault can cause significant power increases and a frequency deviation to the low inertia electric microgrid, where the impact depends on the topology of the hydraulic grid and the scale of the microgrid.
当能源系统耦合在一起时,跨网络故障等不良行为开始出现。认识这一现象,制定保障能源供应稳定的对策具有重要意义。本文研究了热电耦合系统。如果供热系统发生故障,微电网有可能发生级联故障。这一点很重要,因为供热系统中的液压故障可能经常发生,原因是管道爆裂,有时很难检测到。此类故障可能导致短时或持续的电力浪涌和电能质量下降。本文重点研究了故障跨网传播的动态建模与仿真及其对低惯性微电网的潜在影响。仿真结果表明,爆管故障会对低惯性微电网造成明显的功率增加和频率偏差,其影响取决于水力电网的拓扑结构和微电网的规模。
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引用次数: 4
Online management framework for building HVAC systems considering peak shaving and thermal comfort: an experimental study 考虑调峰和热舒适的建筑暖通空调系统在线管理框架:一项实验研究
Dafang Zhao, Daichi Watari, Yukiko Ozawa, Ittetsu Taniguchi, Toshihiro Suzuki, S. Shiochi, Y. Shimoda, Takao Onoye
In this study, an online management framework for building HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning) systems, which achieves peak shaving and thermal comfort improvement, has been designed and studied experimentally. We formulate a model predictive control (MPC) problem for the HVAC control, of which the objective is to minimize the electricity costs and demand peak and maximize thermal comfort. A thermal equivalent circuit model (TECM) was developed to describe the target room's thermal behavior. The TECM is experimentally validated under different ambient temperatures, heat/cooling loads, and occupations. The temperature responses obtained from TECM have a good agreement with observations, and the maximum deviation is below 8%. The online management framework of the HVAC system was developed based on TECM, which includes a monitoring system based on HVAC built-in sensor and embedded technology and a real-time HVAC system control module based on the MPC problem. The performance of the proposed framework with different operating conditions was investigated in the actual room. The results show that the HVAC systems using this framework can achieve better room temperature control and a further improvement in energy efficiency.
在本研究中,我们设计并实验研究了一个建筑暖通空调系统的在线管理框架,以实现调峰和热舒适的改善。针对暖通空调系统的控制问题,提出了模型预测控制(MPC)问题,该问题的目标是最小化电力成本和需求峰值,最大化热舒适。建立了热等效电路模型(TECM)来描述目标房间的热行为。TECM在不同的环境温度、热/冷负荷和职业下进行了实验验证。温度响应与观测值吻合较好,最大偏差在8%以下。基于TECM开发了暖通空调系统的在线管理框架,包括基于暖通空调内置传感器和嵌入式技术的监控系统和基于MPC问题的暖通空调系统实时控制模块。在实际房间中对该框架在不同工况下的性能进行了研究。结果表明,采用该框架的暖通空调系统可以实现更好的室温控制,进一步提高能源效率。
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引用次数: 1
Critical components identification for cyber-physical power systems considering time-varying operational states 考虑时变运行状态的网络物理电力系统关键部件辨识
Yigu Liu, Ioannis Semertzis, Alexandria Stefanov, P. Palensky
The security issues of Cyber-Physical power Systems (CPS) have attracted widespread attention from scholars. Vulnerability assessment emerges as an effective method to identify the critical components and thus increase the system resilience. While efforts have been made to study the vulnerability features of power systems under the occurrence of a single, discrete disturbance or failure at a specific time instant, this paper focuses on identifying the critical components of the cyber-physical system considering time-varying operational states. To investigate the potentially ever-changing CPS vulnerability features, in this paper we construct a database of cascading failure chains using quasi-dynamic simulations to capture the vulnerability relationships among components under time-varying operational states. Then, by adopting sequential mining algorithms, we mine the most frequent cascading failure patterns and identify the critical components based on the data mining results. Simulation studies are conducted on IEEE 39-bus and IEEE RTS-96 systems to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method for the identification of critical components at both cyber and physical layers.
信息物理电力系统(CPS)的安全问题引起了学者们的广泛关注。脆弱性评估作为一种识别关键组件从而提高系统弹性的有效方法而出现。虽然人们已经努力研究电力系统在特定时刻发生单一、离散干扰或故障时的脆弱性特征,但本文的重点是在考虑时变运行状态的情况下识别网络物理系统的关键部件。为了研究CPS潜在的不断变化的漏洞特征,本文采用准动态模拟的方法构建了级联故障链数据库,以捕捉时变运行状态下组件之间的漏洞关系。然后,采用顺序挖掘算法,挖掘出最频繁的级联故障模式,并根据数据挖掘结果识别出关键部件。在IEEE 39总线和IEEE RTS-96系统上进行了仿真研究,以评估所提出的方法在网络层和物理层识别关键部件的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Energy hub gas: a multi-domain system modelling and co-simulation approach 能源枢纽气体:一种多域系统建模和联合仿真方法
Rafael Poppenborg, Johannes Ruf, Malte Chlosta, Jianlei Liu, C. Hotz, Clemens Düpmeier, T. Kolb, V. Hagenmeyer
Coping with the complexity of future energy grids and the rising challenges of the energy transition to more renewable energy sources (RES), an Energy Hub Gas (EHG) concept appears to be a promising approach. This concept combines various technical components to a sector-coupling system network to support the electricity grid with ancillary and balancing services to cope with the fluctuating generation by RES and to provide (renewable) energy carriers. Additionally, the EHG serves as regional gateway and as a converter for large, centralized RES-feed-in and aggregation/distribution hub of local RES-feed-in. For combining several separate models from different domains to an EHG system model, a co-simulation approach is used with high regard on flexibility concerning the modelling aspects as well as high modularity to easily adapt the concept to further use cases. As main results presented in the paper, the coherence of the extended EHG system model and its usability for implementation in co-simulation can be shown in first simulations.
为了应对未来能源网络的复杂性以及能源向更多可再生能源(RES)过渡的日益严峻的挑战,能源枢纽天然气(EHG)概念似乎是一种很有前途的方法。这个概念将各种技术组件结合到一个部门耦合系统网络中,以辅助和平衡服务来支持电网,以应对可再生能源发电的波动,并提供(可再生)能源载体。此外,EHG还可以作为区域网关和大型集中式res馈入的转换器,以及本地res馈入的聚合/分配中心。为了将来自不同领域的几个独立模型组合到EHG系统模型中,使用了一种联合仿真方法,该方法高度重视建模方面的灵活性,并高度模块化,以便轻松地将概念适应进一步的用例。本文的主要结果表明,扩展EHG系统模型的一致性及其在联合仿真中实现的可用性可以在首次仿真中得到证明。
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引用次数: 3
Power-attack: a comprehensive tool-chain for modeling and simulating attacks in power systems 电力攻击:一个全面的工具链,用于建模和模拟电力系统中的攻击
A. Chhokra, C. Barreto, A. Dubey, G. Karsai, X. Koutsoukos
Due to the increased deployment of novel communication, control and protection functions, the grid has become vulnerable to a variety of attacks. Designing robust machine learning based attack detection and mitigation algorithms require large amounts of data that rely heavily on a representative environment, where different attacks can be simulated. This paper presents a comprehensive tool-chain for modeling and simulating attacks in power systems. The paper makes the following contributions, first, we present a probabilistic domain specific language to define multiple attack scenarios and simulation configuration parameters. Secondly, we extend the PyPower-dynamics simulator with protection system components to simulate cyber attacks in control and protection layers of power system. In the end, we demonstrate multiple attack scenarios with a case study based on IEEE 39 bus system.
由于新型通信、控制和保护功能的增加,电网变得容易受到各种攻击。设计健壮的基于机器学习的攻击检测和缓解算法需要大量的数据,这些数据严重依赖于一个具有代表性的环境,在这个环境中可以模拟不同的攻击。本文提出了一种用于电力系统攻击建模和仿真的综合工具链。本文做了以下贡献:首先,我们提出了一种概率域特定语言来定义多种攻击场景和仿真配置参数。其次,我们扩展PyPower-dynamics模拟器,加入保护系统组件,模拟电力系统控制层和保护层的网络攻击。最后,我们通过基于IEEE 39总线系统的案例研究演示了多种攻击场景。
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引用次数: 1
Towards cyber-resilient telecontrol commands using software-defined networking 使用软件定义网络实现网络弹性远程控制命令
Anthony Kemmeugne, A. Jahromi, D. Kundur, Marthe Kassouf
Cybersecurity enhancement of power systems has become one of the main objectives of utility managers and regulatory agencies because of the increasing number of cyberattacks against critical infrastructures. In this paper, we investigate the application of software-defined networking for improving the cyber-resilience of power systems in the presence of cyberattacks using false telecontrol commands. It is first demonstrated that cyberattackers can use false telecontrol commands to separate a power plant from a power grid or trip a major transmission line. Next, it is shown that software-defined networking can significantly enhance the cyber-resilience of power systems in the presence of cyberattacks using false telecontrol commands compared to legacy communication networks. This is because the source, destination and protocol of telecontrol commands can be examined and verified in software-defined networking before communication packet forwarding actions take place. Moreover, primary and back-up routes of telecontrol commands can be pre-engineered in software-defined networking to counteract potential cyberattacks.
由于针对关键基础设施的网络攻击越来越多,电力系统的网络安全增强已成为公用事业管理者和监管机构的主要目标之一。在本文中,我们研究了软件定义网络在使用虚假遥控命令进行网络攻击时提高电力系统网络弹性的应用。这是第一次证明网络攻击者可以使用虚假的遥控命令将发电厂从电网中分离出来或使主要输电线路中断。接下来,研究表明,与传统通信网络相比,软件定义网络可以显着增强电力系统在使用虚假遥控命令的网络攻击下的网络弹性。这是因为在软件定义网络中,远程控制命令的源、目的和协议可以在通信包转发动作发生之前进行检查和验证。此外,远程控制命令的主要和备份路由可以在软件定义网络中预先设计,以抵御潜在的网络攻击。
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引用次数: 1
Testing a battery management system via criticality-based rare event simulation 通过基于临界的罕见事件模拟测试电池管理系统
Daniel Grujic, Tabea Henning, E. García, A. Bergmann
For the validation of safety-critical systems regarding safety and comfort, e.g., in the context of automated driving, engineers often have to cope with large (parametric) test spaces for which it is infeasible to test through all possible parameter configurations. At the same time, critical behavior of a well-engineered system with respect to prescribed safety and comfort requirements tends to be extremely rare, often with probabilities of order 10-6 or less, but clearly has to be examined carefully for valid argumentation. Hence, common approaches like boundary value analysis are insufficient, while methods based on random sampling from the parameter space (simple Monte Carlo) lack the ability to detect these rare critical events efficiently, i.e. with appropriate simulation budget. For this reason, a more sophisticated simulation-based approach is proposed which employs optimistic optimization of an objective function called criticality in order to identify effectively the set of critical parameter configurations. This article documents a case study on applying criticality-based rare event simulation to a charging process (model) controlled by an automotive battery management system, and discusses lessons learned.
对于安全性和舒适性方面的安全关键系统的验证,例如在自动驾驶的背景下,工程师通常必须应对大型(参数)测试空间,而不可能通过所有可能的参数配置进行测试。与此同时,一个设计良好的系统在规定的安全性和舒适性要求方面的关键行为往往是极其罕见的,通常概率为10-6级或更低,但显然必须仔细检查以进行有效的论证。因此,边界值分析等常用方法是不够的,而基于参数空间随机抽样(简单蒙特卡罗)的方法缺乏有效检测这些罕见关键事件的能力,即需要适当的模拟预算。因此,提出了一种更复杂的基于仿真的方法,该方法采用称为临界性的目标函数的乐观优化,以便有效地识别临界参数配置集。本文记录了一个案例研究,将基于临界的罕见事件仿真应用于由汽车电池管理系统控制的充电过程(模型),并讨论了经验教训。
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引用次数: 2
RT-METER: a real-time, multi-layer cyber-power testbed for resiliency analysis RT-METER:用于弹性分析的实时、多层网络动力测试平台
Hussain M. Mustafa, M. Bariya, K. S. Sajan, A. Chhokra, Amal Srivastava, A. Dubey, A. V. Meier, G. Biswas
In this work, we present a Real-Time, Multi-layer cybEr-power TestbEd for the Resiliency analysis (RT-METER) to support power grid operation and planning. Developed cyber-power testbed provides a mechanism for end-to-end validation of advanced tools for cyber-power grid monitoring, control, and planning. By integrating a host of features across three core layers-physical power system, communication network, and monitoring/control center with advanced tools,---the testbed provides a platform to model and simulate rich and diverse cyber-power grid scenarios and generating realistic sensors, system, and network data. These data are subsequently used in validating advanced tools to assist operators during complex and challenging scenarios, which is essential for the successful operation of the future grid. We detail a suite of algorithmic tools validated using the developed testbed and the generated realistic grid data.
在这项工作中,我们提出了一个实时,多层网络电力测试平台,用于弹性分析(RT-METER),以支持电网运行和规划。开发的网络电力试验台为网络电网监测、控制和规划的先进工具提供了端到端验证机制。通过将物理电力系统、通信网络和监测/控制中心三个核心层的大量功能与先进的工具集成在一起,该试验台提供了一个平台,可以对丰富多样的网络电网场景进行建模和仿真,并生成真实的传感器、系统和网络数据。这些数据随后被用于验证先进的工具,以帮助运营商在复杂和具有挑战性的情况下,这对未来电网的成功运行至关重要。我们详细介绍了一套使用开发的测试平台和生成的真实网格数据进行验证的算法工具。
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引用次数: 6
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Proceedings of the 9th Workshop on Modeling and Simulation of Cyber-Physical Energy Systems
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