Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-7670.0503003
Y. MomohM., N. DeekaeS., Abu, O.MG
The enzyme activities in the plasma of C. gariepinus juveniles and adults subjected to handling stress in the laboratory was carried out. Blood samples were collected from the fish and analyzed with standard methods. Results obtained indicate that Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alanine transaminase (ALT), and Aspartate transaminase (AST) were significantly elevated (P<0.05) in all the handling procedures under consideration. These alterations were more pronounced in the fish exposed to starvation and sorting. An indication that fish exposed to these handling activities were more stressed than fish in procedures.
{"title":"Enzymes Activities in Two Sizes of Clarias. Gariepinus Exposed to on Farm Stress","authors":"Y. MomohM., N. DeekaeS., Abu, O.MG","doi":"10.20431/2454-7670.0503003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-7670.0503003","url":null,"abstract":"The enzyme activities in the plasma of C. gariepinus juveniles and adults subjected to handling stress in the laboratory was carried out. Blood samples were collected from the fish and analyzed with standard methods. Results obtained indicate that Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alanine transaminase (ALT), and Aspartate transaminase (AST) were significantly elevated (P<0.05) in all the handling procedures under consideration. These alterations were more pronounced in the fish exposed to starvation and sorting. An indication that fish exposed to these handling activities were more stressed than fish in procedures.","PeriodicalId":212275,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Studies in Aquatic Biology and Fisheries","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130572573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-7670.0701005
Ukazu, Chidume
Aquatic pollution is one of the major worldwide environmental issues affecting humanity in recent years [1]. Consequent of industrialization and haphazard urbanization that is prevalent in major cities in the country, many rivers are experiencing convoluted challenges of pollution [2,3]. These have resulted in alarming levels of contamination and environmental degradation, particularly of the aquatic environment [4]. Enzymes play an important role in food utilization and metabolism in a living organism [5]. But this system may get altered under the stress and influence of toxicants [6]. This is because cells in organisms contain enzymes which perform different functions [7]. Conversely, when the integrity of the cell is disrupted through external interference by toxicants, enzymes escape into the plasma in the blood stream where their activities can be measured as a useful tool of cell integrity [8]. The response of aquatic organisms to pollution is expressed through several key biochemical activities involving enzymes which are concerned with the biotransformation system and these biomarkers give early warning signs of aquatic pollution [9].
{"title":"Variations in Enzyme Activities in Two Sizes of Tilapia guineensis Exposed to Paraquat Dichloride in the Laboratory","authors":"Ukazu, Chidume","doi":"10.20431/2454-7670.0701005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-7670.0701005","url":null,"abstract":"Aquatic pollution is one of the major worldwide environmental issues affecting humanity in recent years [1]. Consequent of industrialization and haphazard urbanization that is prevalent in major cities in the country, many rivers are experiencing convoluted challenges of pollution [2,3]. These have resulted in alarming levels of contamination and environmental degradation, particularly of the aquatic environment [4]. Enzymes play an important role in food utilization and metabolism in a living organism [5]. But this system may get altered under the stress and influence of toxicants [6]. This is because cells in organisms contain enzymes which perform different functions [7]. Conversely, when the integrity of the cell is disrupted through external interference by toxicants, enzymes escape into the plasma in the blood stream where their activities can be measured as a useful tool of cell integrity [8]. The response of aquatic organisms to pollution is expressed through several key biochemical activities involving enzymes which are concerned with the biotransformation system and these biomarkers give early warning signs of aquatic pollution [9].","PeriodicalId":212275,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Studies in Aquatic Biology and Fisheries","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131933495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-7670.0501004
Alex J. Rosburg, Brian Fletcher, M. E. Barnes, Cody E. Treft, Blaise R. Bursell
Environmental enrichment is the addition of structures or materials to create a more natural or complex environment in otherwise stimuli-deprived hatchery rearing units. It has been used in an attempt to improve post-stocking survival (Berejikian et al. 1999; Fast et al. 2008), but some forms of enrichment have also shown the potential to improve foraging efficiency, reduce fin damage, and promote greater social dominance in hatchery-produced fish (Bosakowski and Wagner 1995; Berejikian et al. 2001; Rodewald et al. 2011). Structural additives meant to imitate natural environments, including sand and gravel substrates, stones, woody debris, and live prey have been common methods of enriching rearing tanks and raceways (Brown et al. 2003; Brockmark et al. 2007). However, the use of natural substrates and structures can impede circular tank hydraulic selfcleaning, increasing the time required to perform routine culture activities and also creating conditions favorable to pathogenic bacteria (Baynes and Howell 1993; Tuckey and Smith 2001; Krebs et al. 2017).
环境富集是指在缺乏刺激的孵化场饲养单元中增加结构或材料以创造更自然或复杂的环境。它已被用于提高放养后的存活率(Berejikian等人，1999;Fast等人，2008)，但某些形式的富集也显示出提高觅食效率、减少鳍损伤和促进孵化场生产的鱼类更大的社会优势的潜力(Bosakowski和Wagner 1995;Berejikian et al. 2001;Rodewald et al. 2011)。结构添加剂旨在模仿自然环境，包括沙子和砾石基质、石头、木屑和活猎物，是充实饲养池和跑道的常用方法(Brown et al. 2003;Brockmark et al. 2007)。然而，使用天然基质和结构会阻碍圆形水箱液压自清洁，增加了进行常规培养活动所需的时间，也创造了有利于致病菌的条件(Baynes和Howell 1993;Tuckey and Smith 2001;Krebs et al. 2017)。
{"title":"Vertically-Suspended Environmental Enrichment Structures Improve the Growth of Juvenile Landlocked Fall Chinook Salmon","authors":"Alex J. Rosburg, Brian Fletcher, M. E. Barnes, Cody E. Treft, Blaise R. Bursell","doi":"10.20431/2454-7670.0501004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-7670.0501004","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental enrichment is the addition of structures or materials to create a more natural or complex environment in otherwise stimuli-deprived hatchery rearing units. It has been used in an attempt to improve post-stocking survival (Berejikian et al. 1999; Fast et al. 2008), but some forms of enrichment have also shown the potential to improve foraging efficiency, reduce fin damage, and promote greater social dominance in hatchery-produced fish (Bosakowski and Wagner 1995; Berejikian et al. 2001; Rodewald et al. 2011). Structural additives meant to imitate natural environments, including sand and gravel substrates, stones, woody debris, and live prey have been common methods of enriching rearing tanks and raceways (Brown et al. 2003; Brockmark et al. 2007). However, the use of natural substrates and structures can impede circular tank hydraulic selfcleaning, increasing the time required to perform routine culture activities and also creating conditions favorable to pathogenic bacteria (Baynes and Howell 1993; Tuckey and Smith 2001; Krebs et al. 2017).","PeriodicalId":212275,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Studies in Aquatic Biology and Fisheries","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125033118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.20431/2454-7670.0504001
Alalibo, Gabriel, A. AkinrotimiO.
Salinity refers to the degree of saltiness of a water body. It has been described as one of the important factors exerting selective effectson aquatic organisms. Salinity is defined as a measure of the amount of dissolved salts in the water [1]. Salinity is the correct chemical term for the sum concentration of all ionic constituents dissolved in inland waters, both fresh and saline. Habitat salinity represents a major abiotic factor that governs the activity and distribution of fishes and other aquatic animals. Furthermore, aquatic animals can either be stenohaline or euryhaline, which shows the level of osmotic tolerance of the organism. Stenohaline species such as the African catfish, can only withstand little ranges of salinity. While euryhaline species like the sea bass and some tilapias are able to tolerate a wide range of salinity, which enables them to move between freshwater and salt water and it is leading to many diverse adaptation strategies for different species to survive in different osmotic pressure regimes [2]. Because the autonomous osmoregulation in aquatic organisms is an energy demanding process, certain prevailing salinities might help to optimize growth or reproduction by decreasing osmoregulatory energy expenditure [3].The metabolic cost would be expected to be minimized during culture of fish in isotonic conditions, thus it can minimize the cannibalistic behavior of fishes, and indirectly improve the survival and growth performance of the African catfish [4].
{"title":"Changes in Metabolites of African Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus) Exposed to Different Salinity Levels","authors":"Alalibo, Gabriel, A. AkinrotimiO.","doi":"10.20431/2454-7670.0504001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-7670.0504001","url":null,"abstract":"Salinity refers to the degree of saltiness of a water body. It has been described as one of the important factors exerting selective effectson aquatic organisms. Salinity is defined as a measure of the amount of dissolved salts in the water [1]. Salinity is the correct chemical term for the sum concentration of all ionic constituents dissolved in inland waters, both fresh and saline. Habitat salinity represents a major abiotic factor that governs the activity and distribution of fishes and other aquatic animals. Furthermore, aquatic animals can either be stenohaline or euryhaline, which shows the level of osmotic tolerance of the organism. Stenohaline species such as the African catfish, can only withstand little ranges of salinity. While euryhaline species like the sea bass and some tilapias are able to tolerate a wide range of salinity, which enables them to move between freshwater and salt water and it is leading to many diverse adaptation strategies for different species to survive in different osmotic pressure regimes [2]. Because the autonomous osmoregulation in aquatic organisms is an energy demanding process, certain prevailing salinities might help to optimize growth or reproduction by decreasing osmoregulatory energy expenditure [3].The metabolic cost would be expected to be minimized during culture of fish in isotonic conditions, thus it can minimize the cannibalistic behavior of fishes, and indirectly improve the survival and growth performance of the African catfish [4].","PeriodicalId":212275,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Studies in Aquatic Biology and Fisheries","volume":"159 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115162036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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