Pub Date : 1991-11-04DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.1991.258291
J. Marshall
The author investigates an approach to maximize frequency division multiple access (FDMA) transponder performance by simultaneously optimizing transponder gain and operating point and uplink signal powers under the assumption that the system is not bandwidth limited. The methodology used, including the assumptions and approximations made, is described. The detailed analysis with a derivation of the equations for required uplink effective isotropic radiated power are presented. An example is included to illustrate the concepts presented.<>
{"title":"A system optimization approach to FDMA loadings","authors":"J. Marshall","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.1991.258291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.1991.258291","url":null,"abstract":"The author investigates an approach to maximize frequency division multiple access (FDMA) transponder performance by simultaneously optimizing transponder gain and operating point and uplink signal powers under the assumption that the system is not bandwidth limited. The methodology used, including the assumptions and approximations made, is described. The detailed analysis with a derivation of the equations for required uplink effective isotropic radiated power are presented. An example is included to illustrate the concepts presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":212388,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 91 - Conference record","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116643615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-11-04DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.1991.258211
D. E. Boyd
To ascertain a comprehensive picture of high-frequency (HF) communications network performance through each of the physical, data link, and network layers, a suite of computer simulations was developed to support network development and operational deployment support. The author describes a case study where a number of operational constraints were considered to determine the impact on HF network operational feasibility. For this case study, the signaling techniques and protocol interactions used for a HF network were simulated vertically as well as horizontally across the three layers to determine the performance attributes under varying ambient and threat conditions. A comparison between two different network architectures assessed the performance once all the operational constraints were satisfied.<>
{"title":"HF communications network modeling","authors":"D. E. Boyd","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.1991.258211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.1991.258211","url":null,"abstract":"To ascertain a comprehensive picture of high-frequency (HF) communications network performance through each of the physical, data link, and network layers, a suite of computer simulations was developed to support network development and operational deployment support. The author describes a case study where a number of operational constraints were considered to determine the impact on HF network operational feasibility. For this case study, the signaling techniques and protocol interactions used for a HF network were simulated vertically as well as horizontally across the three layers to determine the performance attributes under varying ambient and threat conditions. A comparison between two different network architectures assessed the performance once all the operational constraints were satisfied.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":212388,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 91 - Conference record","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117208183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-11-04DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.1991.258371
K. Ravi, R. Ormondroyd
The problem of initial acquisition of data modulated spread-spectrum PN codes in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions using a variable-dwell time serial search synchronizer controlled by a sequential detector is addressed. The effect of carrier and code rate Doppler frequency offsets on the acquisition characteristics of three kinds of sequential detector was assessed by means of a Monte Carlo computer simulation, and their performances were compared. The detectors examined are: the ideal log-likelihood sequential detector; the quantized log-likelihood sequential detector; and the biased square law sequential detector. These were analyzed in the presence of Doppler shift and data modulation at two values of bias, namely, the normalized Wald's (1947) optimum bias and a nonoptimum bias.<>
{"title":"Simulation performance of a quantized log-likelihood sequential detector for PN code acquisition in the presence of data modulation and Doppler shift","authors":"K. Ravi, R. Ormondroyd","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.1991.258371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.1991.258371","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of initial acquisition of data modulated spread-spectrum PN codes in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions using a variable-dwell time serial search synchronizer controlled by a sequential detector is addressed. The effect of carrier and code rate Doppler frequency offsets on the acquisition characteristics of three kinds of sequential detector was assessed by means of a Monte Carlo computer simulation, and their performances were compared. The detectors examined are: the ideal log-likelihood sequential detector; the quantized log-likelihood sequential detector; and the biased square law sequential detector. These were analyzed in the presence of Doppler shift and data modulation at two values of bias, namely, the normalized Wald's (1947) optimum bias and a nonoptimum bias.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":212388,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 91 - Conference record","volume":"168 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127200498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-11-04DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.1991.258447
D.R. Wortendyke, C. Riddle
The Federal Standard 1045 and companion Military Standard 188-141A, defining a new automatic link establishment (ALE) technique for communications with HF radios, prompted the US Government to provide a testing service to determine performance and interoperability of different implementations of radios and controllers. The authors describe the automation of instrumentation and a Watterson model simulator utilized in the measurement of adaptive HF radio performance parameters. Attention is given to performance testing objectives, testing techniques, and data processing and analysis. The software system developed and refined in the months following the initial testing in 1990 has provided the government with an excellent portable tool for rapid measurement of the ALE controller/radio performance and interoperability assessment.<>
{"title":"Adaptive HF radio performance evaluation using automated instrumentation","authors":"D.R. Wortendyke, C. Riddle","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.1991.258447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.1991.258447","url":null,"abstract":"The Federal Standard 1045 and companion Military Standard 188-141A, defining a new automatic link establishment (ALE) technique for communications with HF radios, prompted the US Government to provide a testing service to determine performance and interoperability of different implementations of radios and controllers. The authors describe the automation of instrumentation and a Watterson model simulator utilized in the measurement of adaptive HF radio performance parameters. Attention is given to performance testing objectives, testing techniques, and data processing and analysis. The software system developed and refined in the months following the initial testing in 1990 has provided the government with an excellent portable tool for rapid measurement of the ALE controller/radio performance and interoperability assessment.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":212388,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 91 - Conference record","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125273714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-11-04DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.1991.258339
C. Wright, G. Heckert, T.E. Bleier
A low-cost system approach is presented for meeting the US Department of Defense requirement of continuous communications connectivity with low Earth orbit (LEO) spacecraft under test. The concept of using geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) satellites for the LEO data relay is considered. A low-cost near-term approach for such a space-based data relay system would utilize two existing Defense Satellite Communication System III spacecraft, two existing SHF ground terminals, and a small, standardized terminal using autonomous antenna pointing for the space vehicle under test. The authors describe such a system design.<>
{"title":"Low cost approach for a space based data relay","authors":"C. Wright, G. Heckert, T.E. Bleier","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.1991.258339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.1991.258339","url":null,"abstract":"A low-cost system approach is presented for meeting the US Department of Defense requirement of continuous communications connectivity with low Earth orbit (LEO) spacecraft under test. The concept of using geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) satellites for the LEO data relay is considered. A low-cost near-term approach for such a space-based data relay system would utilize two existing Defense Satellite Communication System III spacecraft, two existing SHF ground terminals, and a small, standardized terminal using autonomous antenna pointing for the space vehicle under test. The authors describe such a system design.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":212388,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 91 - Conference record","volume":"285 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126920048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-11-04DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.1991.258326
M. Georgiopoulos
The author discusses the multiple access capability of an asynchronous frequency-hopped spread-spectrum communication system using error correcting codes. The spread spectrum system under consideration uses error correcting codes with more than one code symbol per dwell interval and packets that consist of more than one codeword. A method to compute the packet error probability when the codewords of the packet are interleaved to a degree dictated by the number of code symbols per dwell interval is presented. The performance superiority of the fully interleaved spread spectrum system compared to a spread spectrum system with no interleaving is demonstrated quantitatively.<>
{"title":"On the packet error probability of coded frequency-hopped spread-spectrum systems with codeword interleaving","authors":"M. Georgiopoulos","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.1991.258326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.1991.258326","url":null,"abstract":"The author discusses the multiple access capability of an asynchronous frequency-hopped spread-spectrum communication system using error correcting codes. The spread spectrum system under consideration uses error correcting codes with more than one code symbol per dwell interval and packets that consist of more than one codeword. A method to compute the packet error probability when the codewords of the packet are interleaved to a degree dictated by the number of code symbols per dwell interval is presented. The performance superiority of the fully interleaved spread spectrum system compared to a spread spectrum system with no interleaving is demonstrated quantitatively.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":212388,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 91 - Conference record","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127011030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-11-04DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.1991.258420
M. K. Wyche
The author presents an application of the FFT (fast Fourier transform) to the communications signal processing operations involved in demultiplexing a frequency-division multiplexed (FDM) signal. The inherent parallelism of the FFT algorithm is exploited to provide simultaneous down-conversion, filtering, and baseband time-domain outputs for each channel of a FDM structure. High radix and Winograd Fourier transforms are utilized to provide an efficient FFT implementation and an optimum mapping of the algorithm onto the architecture of the TMS320 series of DSP (digital signal processing) microprocessors. The completed design represents a single chip implementation that is applicable to real-time demultiplexing of small-capacity (12/24 channels) FDM structures. It is also shown that this algorithm can be easily extended to a multiprocessor configuration which can handle the increased computational requirements of demultiplexing larger-capacity FDM structures (60/120).<>
{"title":"An efficient, microprocessor-based FFT implementation for FDM demultiplexing","authors":"M. K. Wyche","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.1991.258420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.1991.258420","url":null,"abstract":"The author presents an application of the FFT (fast Fourier transform) to the communications signal processing operations involved in demultiplexing a frequency-division multiplexed (FDM) signal. The inherent parallelism of the FFT algorithm is exploited to provide simultaneous down-conversion, filtering, and baseband time-domain outputs for each channel of a FDM structure. High radix and Winograd Fourier transforms are utilized to provide an efficient FFT implementation and an optimum mapping of the algorithm onto the architecture of the TMS320 series of DSP (digital signal processing) microprocessors. The completed design represents a single chip implementation that is applicable to real-time demultiplexing of small-capacity (12/24 channels) FDM structures. It is also shown that this algorithm can be easily extended to a multiprocessor configuration which can handle the increased computational requirements of demultiplexing larger-capacity FDM structures (60/120).<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":212388,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 91 - Conference record","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126357726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-11-04DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.1991.258448
N.B. McMillian
The manually operated high frequency radio requires operators with extensive training, knowledge, and experience. The resurgence of interest in HF radio has led to increased automation of the operator functions, thus allowing operation by personnel with only a minimum of training. Although the automatic link establishment (ALE) system provides the basic system automation, there are a number of additional automation functions being developed. The future adaptive radios will be devices that can sense their communication environment and automatically adapt to enhance their communications links as well as mitigate against detractors.<>
{"title":"From manual to automated to adaptive high frequency radios","authors":"N.B. McMillian","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.1991.258448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.1991.258448","url":null,"abstract":"The manually operated high frequency radio requires operators with extensive training, knowledge, and experience. The resurgence of interest in HF radio has led to increased automation of the operator functions, thus allowing operation by personnel with only a minimum of training. Although the automatic link establishment (ALE) system provides the basic system automation, there are a number of additional automation functions being developed. The future adaptive radios will be devices that can sense their communication environment and automatically adapt to enhance their communications links as well as mitigate against detractors.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":212388,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 91 - Conference record","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121624992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-11-04DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.1991.258474
S. Glisic, B. Todorović, M.Z. Popovic-Lavrinsek
The authors present a novel algorithm for very long pseudonoise (PN) code acquisition in spread-spectrum radio, the so-called three-level acquisition scheme. In the first step (level) only a short PN code (preamble) is transmitted for a short time (T/sub 1/), during which the receiver is supposed to acquire its synchronization. In the next step, during T/sub 2/, a binary signal, representing the initial state of the long PN code, is combined with the short PN code and transmitted to the receiver. For a successful long code acquisition the receiver is supposed to acquire synchronization of the short PN code during the time interval T/sub 1/ and to correctly detect the initial state of the long PN code generator during the time interval T/sub 2/. In the third step, the synchronization is checked during the interval T/sub 3/.<>
{"title":"A new approach to long code acquisition in spread spectrum radio","authors":"S. Glisic, B. Todorović, M.Z. Popovic-Lavrinsek","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.1991.258474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.1991.258474","url":null,"abstract":"The authors present a novel algorithm for very long pseudonoise (PN) code acquisition in spread-spectrum radio, the so-called three-level acquisition scheme. In the first step (level) only a short PN code (preamble) is transmitted for a short time (T/sub 1/), during which the receiver is supposed to acquire its synchronization. In the next step, during T/sub 2/, a binary signal, representing the initial state of the long PN code, is combined with the short PN code and transmitted to the receiver. For a successful long code acquisition the receiver is supposed to acquire synchronization of the short PN code during the time interval T/sub 1/ and to correctly detect the initial state of the long PN code generator during the time interval T/sub 2/. In the third step, the synchronization is checked during the interval T/sub 3/.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":212388,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 91 - Conference record","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121972139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-11-04DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.1991.258195
M. Rafter
The performance of a generic packet switched radio network using a combined parameter routing metric is discussed. Building on a methodology formulated by W. Russell and R. Mankarious (1990). An approach to a multiple parameter cost functions is refined to improve throughput and delay performance for varying capacity radio links and in the presence of electronic jammers. The original cost function basis of this effort is discussed, the parametrics used in the optimization are expanded upon, the simulation results are presented.<>
{"title":"Performance of packet switched radio networks using combined parameter routing metrics","authors":"M. Rafter","doi":"10.1109/MILCOM.1991.258195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MILCOM.1991.258195","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of a generic packet switched radio network using a combined parameter routing metric is discussed. Building on a methodology formulated by W. Russell and R. Mankarious (1990). An approach to a multiple parameter cost functions is refined to improve throughput and delay performance for varying capacity radio links and in the presence of electronic jammers. The original cost function basis of this effort is discussed, the parametrics used in the optimization are expanded upon, the simulation results are presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":212388,"journal":{"name":"MILCOM 91 - Conference record","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122781083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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