Pub Date : 2025-05-21DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2025.03.011
Ramona Ghenghea , Khaled Hadeed , Paul Vignaud-Marighetto , Nicolas Combes , Philippe Acar , Clement Karsenty
{"title":"Imagen de fusión ecocardiográfica-fluoroscópica con la minisonda transesofágica 3D en cardiopatías congénitas pediátricas","authors":"Ramona Ghenghea , Khaled Hadeed , Paul Vignaud-Marighetto , Nicolas Combes , Philippe Acar , Clement Karsenty","doi":"10.1016/j.recesp.2025.03.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.recesp.2025.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21299,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de cardiologia","volume":"79 1","pages":"Pages 85-88"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145824193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-17DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2025.03.006
Mengyue Lin , Xiaocong Chen , Muli Wu , Jiaxin Xiao , Shaobin Li , Haoxian Tang , Xuerui Tan , Yequn Chen
Introduction and objectives
Both abdominal obesity (AO) and insulin resistance (IR) are predictors of cardiometabolic disease (CMD). We aimed to evaluate the temporal relationship between AO and IR and their combined effect on CMD risk.
Methods
A nationally representative cohort of 9234 participants was included, with a maximum follow-up of 9 years. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index was calculated as an indicator of IR, and AO was measured by waist circumference (WC). Cox regression was applied to evaluate the combined effect of AO and TyG on CMD risk, including hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and stroke. A cross-lagged panel model was used to examine the temporal relationship. Multiplicative and additive interactions between AO and insulin resistance, as well as the mediating effect of TyG, were assessed.
Results
Individuals concurrently with AO and higher TyG (≥ 8.6 [median]) had the highest risk of hypertension (HR,1.46; 95%CI, 1.25-1.69), diabetes (HR, 1.99; 95%CI, 1.65-2.41), and stroke (HR, 1.76; 95%CI, 1.22-1.94). A biological interaction between AO and IR on diabetes was observed, with the attributable proportion due to interaction being 29%. There was a bidirectional temporal relationship between WC and TyG, and the effect of WC on TyG was more prominent than vice versa. High TyG had a mediating effect on the association of AO with hypertension (19%), diabetes (25%), and stroke (24%).
Conclusions
The findings reveal a temporal relationship between AO and IR, their combined effect on hypertension, diabetes, and stroke, and the mediating role of IR. Strategies simultaneously targeting both factors should be emphasized for the primary prevention of CMD.
{"title":"Efectos interactivos de la obesidad abdominal y la resistencia a la insulina sobre el riesgo cardiometabólico","authors":"Mengyue Lin , Xiaocong Chen , Muli Wu , Jiaxin Xiao , Shaobin Li , Haoxian Tang , Xuerui Tan , Yequn Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.recesp.2025.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.recesp.2025.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction and objectives</h3><div>Both abdominal obesity (AO) and insulin resistance (IR) are predictors of cardiometabolic disease (CMD). We aimed to evaluate the temporal relationship between AO and IR and their combined effect on CMD risk.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A nationally representative cohort of 9234 participants was included, with a maximum follow-up of 9 years. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index was calculated as an indicator of IR, and AO was measured by waist circumference (WC). Cox regression was applied to evaluate the combined effect of AO and TyG on CMD risk, including hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and stroke. A cross-lagged panel model was used to examine the temporal relationship. Multiplicative and additive interactions between AO and insulin resistance, as well as the mediating effect of TyG, were assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Individuals concurrently with AO and higher TyG (≥<!--> <!-->8.6 [median]) had the highest risk of hypertension (HR,1.46; 95%CI, 1.25-1.69), diabetes (HR, 1.99; 95%CI, 1.65-2.41), and stroke (HR, 1.76; 95%CI, 1.22-1.94). A biological interaction between AO and IR on diabetes was observed, with the attributable proportion due to interaction being 29%. There was a bidirectional temporal relationship between WC and TyG, and the effect of WC on TyG was more prominent than vice versa. High TyG had a mediating effect on the association of AO with hypertension (19%), diabetes (25%), and stroke (24%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The findings reveal a temporal relationship between AO and IR, their combined effect on hypertension, diabetes, and stroke, and the mediating role of IR. Strategies simultaneously targeting both factors should be emphasized for the primary prevention of CMD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21299,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de cardiologia","volume":"78 11","pages":"Pages 967-976"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145369609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-17DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2025.03.003
Clara Fernández-Cordón , Emmanouil S. Brilakis , Mario García-Gómez , Akash Jain , Marcelo Rodríguez , Carlos Cortés-Villar , Alberto Campo-Prieto , Ana Serrador , Hipólito Gutiérrez , Sara Blasco-Turrión , Luca Scorpiglione , Luis Llamas-Fernández , J. Alberto San Román , Ignacio Jesús Amat Santos
Introduction and objectives
Calcified nodules (CN) have been associated with higher complexity and worse outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in both stable and unstable coronary disease. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the current evidence on CN.
Methods
Systematic review of published studies on the prevalence, clinical associations, and impact of CN on outcomes after PCI up to November 2024.
Results
We identified 474 publications, of which 87 were included (all observational). CN were divided into 2 types: noneruptive CN (NECN), with an intact fibrous cap; and eruptive CN (ECN), with disruption of the fibrous cap with or without thrombus. The most common location was the right coronary artery (28%-71%). Angiography-based diagnostic sensitivity was low (18%-38%). Optical coherence tomography was preferred for type differentiation. The main clinical factors associated with CN were older age, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease. CN were considered the culprit lesion in 3% to 18% of acute coronary syndromes but were also present in up to 30% of nonculprit arteries. ECN were associated with more events at follow-up than NECN (20% vs 3.3% at 1 year). Post-PCI, CN were associated with lower minimum lumen area (MLA), higher rates of stent-edge dissection (44%-73%), malapposition (71%-96%), and underexpansion (60%-77%). ECN were associated with better acute results but worse long-term outcomes compared with NECN.
Conclusions
CN are often present in acute coronary syndrome culprit and stable coronary lesions. Intracoronary imaging is essential for the diagnosis and differentiation of CN. CN are associated with worse outcomes after PCI, acutely and during follow-up.
{"title":"Nódulos calcificados en las arterias coronarias: revisión sistemática sobre incidencia y resultados del intervencionismo coronario percutáneo","authors":"Clara Fernández-Cordón , Emmanouil S. Brilakis , Mario García-Gómez , Akash Jain , Marcelo Rodríguez , Carlos Cortés-Villar , Alberto Campo-Prieto , Ana Serrador , Hipólito Gutiérrez , Sara Blasco-Turrión , Luca Scorpiglione , Luis Llamas-Fernández , J. Alberto San Román , Ignacio Jesús Amat Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.recesp.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.recesp.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction and objectives</h3><div>Calcified nodules (CN) have been associated with higher complexity and worse outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in both stable and unstable coronary disease. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the current evidence on CN.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Systematic review of published studies on the prevalence, clinical associations, and impact of CN on outcomes after PCI up to November 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We identified 474 publications, of which 87 were included (all observational). CN were divided into 2 types: noneruptive CN (NECN), with an intact fibrous cap; and eruptive CN (ECN), with disruption of the fibrous cap with or without thrombus. The most common location was the right coronary artery (28%-71%). Angiography-based diagnostic sensitivity was low (18%-38%). Optical coherence tomography was preferred for type differentiation. The main clinical factors associated with CN were older age, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease. CN were considered the culprit lesion in 3% to 18% of acute coronary syndromes but were also present in up to 30% of nonculprit arteries. ECN were associated with more events at follow-up than NECN (20% vs 3.3% at 1 year). Post-PCI, CN were associated with lower minimum lumen area (MLA), higher rates of stent-edge dissection (44%-73%), malapposition (71%-96%), and underexpansion (60%-77%). ECN were associated with better acute results but worse long-term outcomes compared with NECN.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>CN are often present in acute coronary syndrome culprit and stable coronary lesions. Intracoronary imaging is essential for the diagnosis and differentiation of CN. CN are associated with worse outcomes after PCI, acutely and during follow-up.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21299,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de cardiologia","volume":"78 11","pages":"Pages 977-991"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145369610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-16DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2025.03.001
Patricia Palau , Eloy Domínguez , Silvia Mínguez , Gonzalo Núñez , Enrique Santas , Celia García-Conejo , Iván de Amo , Paloma Marín , Cristina Flor , Laura López , Lucía Ortega , Isabel Gabaldón-Sánchez , Rafael de la Espriella , Juan Sanchis , Julio Núñez
Introduction and objectives
In asymptomatic individuals, left bundle branch block (LBBB) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, but its impact on maximal functional capacity remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate maximal aerobic capacity (peakVO2) in asymptomatic adults with LBBB without structural heart disease and compare it to an age-, physical activity-, and sex-matched control population.
Methods
This prospective case-control study included asymptomatic adults with isolated LBBB and matched controls. All participants underwent maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing and echocardiography. The primary outcome was to compare peakVO2 and percent predicted peakVO2 (pp-peakVO2) between LBBB and matched controls. Secondary outcomes included differences in left ventricular indexed end-diastolic volumes (iLVEDV) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Multivariate linear mixed models were used to analyze primary and secondary outcomes.
Results
A total of 162 participants (81 with LBBB and 81 controls) were included. The mean age was 65.7 ± 10.2 years, and 106 participants (65.4%) were women. The mean pp-peakVO2 and peakVO2 were 93.6 ± 16.9% and 19.9 ± 6.4 mL/kg/min, respectively. There were no significant differences in cardiovascular risk factors, NT-proBNP, or hemoglobin values between groups. Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of LBBB was associated with lower peakVO2 (−3.3 mL/kg/min, 95%CI, − 4.6 to − 2.1; P < .001) and pp-peakVO2 (−17.2%; 95%CI, −22.1 to −11.9; P < .001). Regarding secondary endpoints, individuals with LBBB showed higher iLVEDV (+4.4 mL/m2, 95%CI, 1.3 to 7.6; P = .006) and lower LVEF (−2.8%, 95%CI, −4.3 to −1.2; P < .001) compared with controls.
Conclusions
In this study, adults with isolated LBBB showed reduced maximal functional capacity compared with controls.
{"title":"Efecto del bloqueo de rama izquierda sobre la capacidad funcional máxima en individuos asintomáticos sin enfermedad estructural cardiaca","authors":"Patricia Palau , Eloy Domínguez , Silvia Mínguez , Gonzalo Núñez , Enrique Santas , Celia García-Conejo , Iván de Amo , Paloma Marín , Cristina Flor , Laura López , Lucía Ortega , Isabel Gabaldón-Sánchez , Rafael de la Espriella , Juan Sanchis , Julio Núñez","doi":"10.1016/j.recesp.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.recesp.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction and objectives</h3><div>In asymptomatic individuals, left bundle branch block (LBBB) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, but its impact on maximal functional capacity remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate maximal aerobic capacity (peakVO<sub>2</sub>) in asymptomatic adults with LBBB without structural heart disease and compare it to an age-, physical activity-, and sex-matched control population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective case-control study included asymptomatic adults with isolated LBBB and matched controls. All participants underwent maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing and echocardiography. The primary outcome was to compare peakVO<sub>2</sub> and percent predicted peakVO<sub>2</sub> (pp-peakVO<sub>2</sub>) between LBBB and matched controls. Secondary outcomes included differences in left ventricular indexed end-diastolic volumes (iLVEDV) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Multivariate linear mixed models were used to analyze primary and secondary outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 162 participants (81 with LBBB and 81 controls) were included. The mean age was 65.7<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->10.2 years, and 106 participants (65.4%) were women. The mean pp-peakVO<sub>2</sub> and peakVO<sub>2</sub> were 93.6<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->16.9% and 19.9<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->6.4<!--> <!-->mL/kg/min, respectively. There were no significant differences in cardiovascular risk factors, NT-proBNP, or hemoglobin values between groups. Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of LBBB was associated with lower peakVO<sub>2</sub> (−3.3<!--> <!-->mL/kg/min, 95%CI,<!--> <!-->−<!--> <!-->4.6 to<!--> <!-->−<!--> <!-->2.1; <em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->.001) and pp-peakVO<sub>2</sub> (−17.2%; 95%CI, −22.1 to −11.9; <em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->.001). Regarding secondary endpoints, individuals with LBBB showed higher iLVEDV (+4.4<!--> <!-->mL/m<sup>2</sup>, 95%CI, 1.3 to 7.6; <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->.006) and lower LVEF (−2.8%, 95%CI, −4.3 to −1.2; <em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->.001) compared with controls.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In this study, adults with isolated LBBB showed reduced maximal functional capacity compared with controls.</div><div>Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (<span><span>NCT05643404</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21299,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de cardiologia","volume":"78 11","pages":"Pages 957-966"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145369677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-16DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2025.03.002
Enrique Santas , Rafael de la Espriella , Gema Miñana , Anna Mollar , Patricia Palau , Julio Núñez
{"title":"Pequeñas dimensiones telediastólicas del ventrículo izquierdo identifican a pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca y fracción de eyección supranormal","authors":"Enrique Santas , Rafael de la Espriella , Gema Miñana , Anna Mollar , Patricia Palau , Julio Núñez","doi":"10.1016/j.recesp.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.recesp.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21299,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de cardiologia","volume":"79 1","pages":"Pages 82-85"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145824194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-09DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2025.04.008
Juan Manuel Serrano-Marcos , Víctor Manuel López-Espinosa , Míriam Cantero-Campos
{"title":"Afectación cardiaca poco común en osteosarcoma metastásico","authors":"Juan Manuel Serrano-Marcos , Víctor Manuel López-Espinosa , Míriam Cantero-Campos","doi":"10.1016/j.recesp.2025.04.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.recesp.2025.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21299,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de cardiologia","volume":"78 12","pages":"Pages 1130-1131"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145579131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Validación de la secuencia de resonancia magnética 3D de única apnea ESSOS para el estudio de la dilatación aórtica","authors":"Sandra Gómez-Talavera , Álvaro Navarro-Guzmán , Rodrigo Fernández-Jiménez , Valentín Fuster , Javier Sánchez-González , Borja Ibáñez","doi":"10.1016/j.recesp.2025.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.recesp.2025.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21299,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de cardiologia","volume":"79 2","pages":"Pages 175-178"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-05DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2025.04.010
Francisco González-Vílchez , Luis Almenar-Bonet , Manuel Gómez-Bueno , María G. Crespo-Leiro , Manuel Cobo-Belaustegui , Manuel Crespín-Crespín , Carlos Ortiz-Bautista , Juan F. Delgado-Jiménez , Marta de Antonio-Ferrer , José Manuel Sobrino-Márquez , en representación de los Equipos Españoles de Trasplante Cardiaco , Miguel Llano-Cardenal , José Antonio Vázquez de Prada , Francisco Nistal-Herrera , Cristina Castrillo , Beatriz Díaz-Molina , Vanesa Alonso-Fernández , Cristina Fidalgo-Muñiz , Diego Rangel-Sousa , Antonio Grande-Trillo , Ferrán Gran-Ipiña
Introduction and objectives
This report presents updated data on heart transplants in Spain, including procedures carried out in 2024. It reviews trends over the past decade (2015-2024) in donor and recipient characteristics, surgical techniques, immunosuppression strategies, and survival rates.
Methods
Data were drawn from the Spanish heart transplant registry, which is updated annually. The analysis includes 347 transplants performed in 2024, as well as procedures from 2015 to 2023 (n = 2721).
Results
In 2024, the number of heart transplants increased by 6.8% compared with 2023. There were no significant changes in recipient age or sex, but the proportion of urgent transplants rose to 47.0%. Use of circulatory support devices increased, particularly extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The average donor age showed a slight increase in 2024, although the long-term trend remained downward. Donation after circulatory death accounted for 29.1% of transplants in 2024. One-year survival rates improved, reaching 85.2% for transplants performed between 2021 and 2023.
Conclusions
The number of heart transplants continued to grow, nearing historic highs, largely due to the expansion of donation after circulatory death. Improved 1-year survival reflects the maturity of transplant programs, advances in surgical and medical management, and better pretransplant conditions in recipients.
{"title":"Registro español de trasplante cardiaco. XXXVI informe oficial de la Asociación de Insuficiencia Cardiaca de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología","authors":"Francisco González-Vílchez , Luis Almenar-Bonet , Manuel Gómez-Bueno , María G. Crespo-Leiro , Manuel Cobo-Belaustegui , Manuel Crespín-Crespín , Carlos Ortiz-Bautista , Juan F. Delgado-Jiménez , Marta de Antonio-Ferrer , José Manuel Sobrino-Márquez , en representación de los Equipos Españoles de Trasplante Cardiaco , Miguel Llano-Cardenal , José Antonio Vázquez de Prada , Francisco Nistal-Herrera , Cristina Castrillo , Beatriz Díaz-Molina , Vanesa Alonso-Fernández , Cristina Fidalgo-Muñiz , Diego Rangel-Sousa , Antonio Grande-Trillo , Ferrán Gran-Ipiña","doi":"10.1016/j.recesp.2025.04.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.recesp.2025.04.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction and objectives</h3><div>This report presents updated data on heart transplants in Spain, including procedures carried out in 2024. It reviews trends over the past decade (2015-2024) in donor and recipient characteristics, surgical techniques, immunosuppression strategies, and survival rates.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were drawn from the Spanish heart transplant registry, which is updated annually. The analysis includes 347 transplants performed in 2024, as well as procedures from 2015 to 2023 (n<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->2721).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In 2024, the number of heart transplants increased by 6.8% compared with 2023. There were no significant changes in recipient age or sex, but the proportion of urgent transplants rose to 47.0%. Use of circulatory support devices increased, particularly extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The average donor age showed a slight increase in 2024, although the long-term trend remained downward. Donation after circulatory death accounted for 29.1% of transplants in 2024. One-year survival rates improved, reaching 85.2% for transplants performed between 2021 and 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The number of heart transplants continued to grow, nearing historic highs, largely due to the expansion of donation after circulatory death. Improved 1-year survival reflects the maturity of transplant programs, advances in surgical and medical management, and better pretransplant conditions in recipients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21299,"journal":{"name":"Revista espanola de cardiologia","volume":"78 10","pages":"Pages 906-915"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145181351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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