Pub Date : 2009-06-01DOI: 10.1109/APS.2009.5172324
F. Teixeira, K. Warnick
Engineers know that the path followed by an electromagnetic wave is determined according to Fermat's principle by the bulk constitutive properties of the medium in which the wave propagates. Physicists are equally familiar with the fact that the ray path of a wave in a vacuum is influenced by the metric of space. According to Einstein's General Theory of Relativity, massive objects cause spacetime curvature, and the metric or distance measure becomes different from the flat Euclidean metric ds2 = dx2 + dy2 + dz2. In a curved space, waves follow geodesics, leading to such effects as gravitational lensing and a shift in the apparent position of a near-occulted star. It follows from the above two facts that wave propagation paths can be influenced through (1) local electrical interactions governed by the constitutive relationships in Maxwell's equations and (2) distant gravitational interactions through the metric of space. The duality between constitutive relationships and spatial metric interactions has been recently exploited by the electromagnetics community in practical applications. Rays that travel along non-straight paths can in principle be realized either by the gravitational field of some mass distribution or by a medium with a chosen set of constitutive parameters. Even though the gravitational fields would need to be too strong to produce the desired effects in the length scales of interest, properly designed metamaterials can indeed approximate the necessary constitutive parameters. This has been exploited in recent years to develop methods for electromagnetic cloaking [1,2], masking [3,4], field rotation [5], and reflectionless waveguide bends [6].
{"title":"Metamaterial claddings for homotopic control of waveguide modes","authors":"F. Teixeira, K. Warnick","doi":"10.1109/APS.2009.5172324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.2009.5172324","url":null,"abstract":"Engineers know that the path followed by an electromagnetic wave is determined according to Fermat's principle by the bulk constitutive properties of the medium in which the wave propagates. Physicists are equally familiar with the fact that the ray path of a wave in a vacuum is influenced by the metric of space. According to Einstein's General Theory of Relativity, massive objects cause spacetime curvature, and the metric or distance measure becomes different from the flat Euclidean metric ds2 = dx2 + dy2 + dz2. In a curved space, waves follow geodesics, leading to such effects as gravitational lensing and a shift in the apparent position of a near-occulted star. It follows from the above two facts that wave propagation paths can be influenced through (1) local electrical interactions governed by the constitutive relationships in Maxwell's equations and (2) distant gravitational interactions through the metric of space. The duality between constitutive relationships and spatial metric interactions has been recently exploited by the electromagnetics community in practical applications. Rays that travel along non-straight paths can in principle be realized either by the gravitational field of some mass distribution or by a medium with a chosen set of constitutive parameters. Even though the gravitational fields would need to be too strong to produce the desired effects in the length scales of interest, properly designed metamaterials can indeed approximate the necessary constitutive parameters. This has been exploited in recent years to develop methods for electromagnetic cloaking [1,2], masking [3,4], field rotation [5], and reflectionless waveguide bends [6].","PeriodicalId":213759,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114329096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-01DOI: 10.1109/APS.2009.5171665
S. Geng, S. Ranvier, M. Kyro, P. Vainikainen
The 60 GHz radio is being foreseen as a very promising candidate for future gigabit wireless communications due to the intrinsic large amount available bandwidth. This band has been proposed for wireless personal area networks (WPANs) [1][2] aiming at multi-gigabit and short-trange (≪10 m) multimedia applications. The 60 GHz band regulation and standardization efforts are currently underway worldwide [1].
{"title":"Performance and capacity analysis of 60 GHz MIMO channel for WPANs","authors":"S. Geng, S. Ranvier, M. Kyro, P. Vainikainen","doi":"10.1109/APS.2009.5171665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.2009.5171665","url":null,"abstract":"The 60 GHz radio is being foreseen as a very promising candidate for future gigabit wireless communications due to the intrinsic large amount available bandwidth. This band has been proposed for wireless personal area networks (WPANs) [1][2] aiming at multi-gigabit and short-trange (≪10 m) multimedia applications. The 60 GHz band regulation and standardization efforts are currently underway worldwide [1].","PeriodicalId":213759,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114619588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-01DOI: 10.1109/APS.2009.5171556
K. Zhao, Jiawen Sun, Wen-hua Chen, Zhenghe Feng, Hui Zhang
A frequency reconfigurable hexagonal patch antenna with switchable slot is proposed in this paper. By changing the slot status, two resonant frequency bands at 2.29GHz and 2.46GHz respectively can be obtained without special matching network, and the radiation patterns at the two frequency bands are very similar to each other. The simulated and measured results are presented to validate this concept, which could be used for bandwidth enhancement. This proposed antenna is interesting for wideband wireless applications because of its low profile, light weight and easy fabrication.
{"title":"A frequency reconfigurable hexagonal patch antenna with switchable slot","authors":"K. Zhao, Jiawen Sun, Wen-hua Chen, Zhenghe Feng, Hui Zhang","doi":"10.1109/APS.2009.5171556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.2009.5171556","url":null,"abstract":"A frequency reconfigurable hexagonal patch antenna with switchable slot is proposed in this paper. By changing the slot status, two resonant frequency bands at 2.29GHz and 2.46GHz respectively can be obtained without special matching network, and the radiation patterns at the two frequency bands are very similar to each other. The simulated and measured results are presented to validate this concept, which could be used for bandwidth enhancement. This proposed antenna is interesting for wideband wireless applications because of its low profile, light weight and easy fabrication.","PeriodicalId":213759,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium","volume":"12 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113973650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-01DOI: 10.1109/APS.2009.5171472
Eugene Y. Lee, E. Walton, Jon Young, Steven E. Gemeny, D. Crowe, Claude Harton
The goal of this research is to develop an unconstrained reconfigurable programmable array antenna. The concept is to build microstrip patch antenna arrays using individual controllable pixels. The aperture of the system is made up of a large array of small (1/10 λ) pixels. Each pixel is a small piston made up of a metal top, a dielectric shaft, and a metal base. The pistons can be moved up and down under computer control. When all pistons are in the down position, a ground plane is created. When a line of pixels is raised into the up position, a microstrip transmission line (a metal line over a dielectric substrate) is created. A patch antenna is created when multiple pixels are raised into the up position to form a larger rectangle or other shape.
{"title":"The software defined antenna: Measurement and simulation of a 2 element array","authors":"Eugene Y. Lee, E. Walton, Jon Young, Steven E. Gemeny, D. Crowe, Claude Harton","doi":"10.1109/APS.2009.5171472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.2009.5171472","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this research is to develop an unconstrained reconfigurable programmable array antenna. The concept is to build microstrip patch antenna arrays using individual controllable pixels. The aperture of the system is made up of a large array of small (1/10 λ) pixels. Each pixel is a small piston made up of a metal top, a dielectric shaft, and a metal base. The pistons can be moved up and down under computer control. When all pistons are in the down position, a ground plane is created. When a line of pixels is raised into the up position, a microstrip transmission line (a metal line over a dielectric substrate) is created. A patch antenna is created when multiple pixels are raised into the up position to form a larger rectangle or other shape.","PeriodicalId":213759,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113991976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-01DOI: 10.1109/APS.2009.5171940
H. Nakano, S. Yamazaki, J. Yamauchi
The BOR-SPR is an antenna that has a wideband VSWR characteristic. To suppress interference signals, the BOR-SPR is modified to have a large VSWR in the frequency band that includes the interference signals (stop band). This is achieved by cutting slots in the shorted parasitic ring of the BOR-SPR. The analysis reveals that the slot length corresponds to approximately one-quarter guided wavelength at the center frequency of the stop band. It is also revealed that the slots do not affect the radiation pattern at frequencies outside the stop band.
{"title":"Low-profile BOR-SPR antenna with a stop band","authors":"H. Nakano, S. Yamazaki, J. Yamauchi","doi":"10.1109/APS.2009.5171940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.2009.5171940","url":null,"abstract":"The BOR-SPR is an antenna that has a wideband VSWR characteristic. To suppress interference signals, the BOR-SPR is modified to have a large VSWR in the frequency band that includes the interference signals (stop band). This is achieved by cutting slots in the shorted parasitic ring of the BOR-SPR. The analysis reveals that the slot length corresponds to approximately one-quarter guided wavelength at the center frequency of the stop band. It is also revealed that the slots do not affect the radiation pattern at frequencies outside the stop band.","PeriodicalId":213759,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114833160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-01DOI: 10.1109/APS.2009.5171869
Jeong-Seok Kim, W. Choi, G. Choi
A design for tag antenna(diameter of 34 mm) using ceramic material and PIFAs at UHF band, embedded in metallic object is implemented. The antenna can be directly matched to the arbitrary reactance of a tag chip. The proposed tag antenna also has good characteristics of the radiation patterns and the high restraining cross polarization level. It is verified that the proposed tag has good performance by measuring the reading distance over 3m when the tag is just embedded in metallic object.
{"title":"Ceramic patch antenna for UHF RFID tag embedded in metallic objects","authors":"Jeong-Seok Kim, W. Choi, G. Choi","doi":"10.1109/APS.2009.5171869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.2009.5171869","url":null,"abstract":"A design for tag antenna(diameter of 34 mm) using ceramic material and PIFAs at UHF band, embedded in metallic object is implemented. The antenna can be directly matched to the arbitrary reactance of a tag chip. The proposed tag antenna also has good characteristics of the radiation patterns and the high restraining cross polarization level. It is verified that the proposed tag has good performance by measuring the reading distance over 3m when the tag is just embedded in metallic object.","PeriodicalId":213759,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114836639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-01DOI: 10.1109/APS.2009.5171939
Y. Miura, J. Hirokawa, M. Ando, Y. Shibuya, G. Yoshida
The four-aperture element for the double-layer corporate-feed hollow waveguide slot array has reflection below −15dB over 9.5% bandwidth assuming the mutual couplings by the periodic boundary walls.
{"title":"Bandwidth of a four-aperture element for a double-layer corporate-feed hollow-waveguide slot array","authors":"Y. Miura, J. Hirokawa, M. Ando, Y. Shibuya, G. Yoshida","doi":"10.1109/APS.2009.5171939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.2009.5171939","url":null,"abstract":"The four-aperture element for the double-layer corporate-feed hollow waveguide slot array has reflection below −15dB over 9.5% bandwidth assuming the mutual couplings by the periodic boundary walls.","PeriodicalId":213759,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124225217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-01DOI: 10.1109/APS.2009.5172332
N. Seman, M. Bialkowski, S. Ibrahim, A. Bakar
In this paper, the design and operation of a compact six-port correlator operating as a QPSK modulator/demodulator in a UWB transceiver has been presented. A microstrip-slot technique has been used to obtain full integration of the correlator. The design has been accomplished with the use commercially available full-wave CAD package, CST Microwave Studio. The signal analysis at receiver and transmitter has been performed using Agilent's Advanced Design System (ADS). The designed modulator/demodulator shows some deviation from an ideal operation. However, all of the four phase states can be distinctively detected as confirmed by simulation results.
{"title":"Design of an integrated correlator for application in ultra wideband six-port transceivers","authors":"N. Seman, M. Bialkowski, S. Ibrahim, A. Bakar","doi":"10.1109/APS.2009.5172332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.2009.5172332","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the design and operation of a compact six-port correlator operating as a QPSK modulator/demodulator in a UWB transceiver has been presented. A microstrip-slot technique has been used to obtain full integration of the correlator. The design has been accomplished with the use commercially available full-wave CAD package, CST Microwave Studio. The signal analysis at receiver and transmitter has been performed using Agilent's Advanced Design System (ADS). The designed modulator/demodulator shows some deviation from an ideal operation. However, all of the four phase states can be distinctively detected as confirmed by simulation results.","PeriodicalId":213759,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124225411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-01DOI: 10.1109/APS.2009.5171638
J. Vitaz, A. Buerkle, K. Sarabandi
A unique design of series-fed grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) patch arrays for use in retro-reflective arrays is presented. For the current application, a planar retro-reflector which is capable of providing large radar cross-section (RCS) and signal modulation, and can also operate on metallic surfaces from 25.5–26.5GHz is desired. Linear, series-fed GCPW patch arrays are employed as the radiating elements. Using constituent arrays allows maximization of RCS using the minimum number of active components. Additionally, the unique orientation of the series-fed arrays provides beam squinting, allowing for ease of target identification and distinguishing the response from that of the array ground plane. The array design and results are briefly presented herein. Integration of the array in the intended system application is discussed in a separate conference submission.
{"title":"A 26 GHz retro-reflective array for long-range RFID applications","authors":"J. Vitaz, A. Buerkle, K. Sarabandi","doi":"10.1109/APS.2009.5171638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.2009.5171638","url":null,"abstract":"A unique design of series-fed grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) patch arrays for use in retro-reflective arrays is presented. For the current application, a planar retro-reflector which is capable of providing large radar cross-section (RCS) and signal modulation, and can also operate on metallic surfaces from 25.5–26.5GHz is desired. Linear, series-fed GCPW patch arrays are employed as the radiating elements. Using constituent arrays allows maximization of RCS using the minimum number of active components. Additionally, the unique orientation of the series-fed arrays provides beam squinting, allowing for ease of target identification and distinguishing the response from that of the array ground plane. The array design and results are briefly presented herein. Integration of the array in the intended system application is discussed in a separate conference submission.","PeriodicalId":213759,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127635386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-06-01DOI: 10.1109/APS.2009.5172296
M. Zelig, E. Heyman, A. Boag
The numerical examples show, that, the proposed EDD algorithm has a better accuracy and, computationally, it is much less costly, than the domain decomposition MoM scheme. We are currently working on extending the method to 3D configurations, and to the multi-frequency ultra-wideband (UWB) regime.
{"title":"Rapid analysis of large arbitrarily shaped open-ended cavities using a spatial domain decomposition with spectral coupling field representation","authors":"M. Zelig, E. Heyman, A. Boag","doi":"10.1109/APS.2009.5172296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APS.2009.5172296","url":null,"abstract":"The numerical examples show, that, the proposed EDD algorithm has a better accuracy and, computationally, it is much less costly, than the domain decomposition MoM scheme. We are currently working on extending the method to 3D configurations, and to the multi-frequency ultra-wideband (UWB) regime.","PeriodicalId":213759,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127744489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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