The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference in the CSR perceived by the actors in the Indonesia economy represented by managers working in state-owned companies (BUMN) and non state-owned companies. The unit of analysis in this study is Indonesian managers. The population of this study is all Indonesian managers working in the Jakarta stock exchange’s listed companies and in state-owned companies. Based on the mean difference analysis, the result is that there is no difference of CSR perceived by managers working in SOC and POC. The rank of CSR dimensions perceived by managers is as follows: (1) corporate governance, (2) customer, (3) employment, (4) community and society, (5) environment, (6) human rights, and (7) controversial business.
{"title":"The Impact of Management on CSR","authors":"Hasan Fauzi, K. Idris","doi":"10.22164/ISEA.V4I2.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22164/ISEA.V4I2.49","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference in the CSR perceived by the actors in the Indonesia economy represented by managers working in state-owned companies (BUMN) and non state-owned companies. The unit of analysis in this study is Indonesian managers. The population of this study is all Indonesian managers working in the Jakarta stock exchange’s listed companies and in state-owned companies. Based on the mean difference analysis, the result is that there is no difference of CSR perceived by managers working in SOC and POC. The rank of CSR dimensions perceived by managers is as follows: (1) corporate governance, (2) customer, (3) employment, (4) community and society, (5) environment, (6) human rights, and (7) controversial business.","PeriodicalId":213910,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets: Regional Perspective eJournal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127133774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zuzana Brixiová, L. Ndikumana, Kaouther Abderrahim
The objective of this paper is to discussmacroeconomic policies that would helpAfrican countries, especially the lowincome countries (LICs), reach strong,sustained and shared growth in the postcrisisworld. The paper first reviews, witha special focus on LICs, macroeconomicpolicies in Africa prior to the crisis. Itthen discusses factors behind ‘the Africasurprise’ that is the continent’s overallgood performance during the crisis andrelatively fast recovery. It underscoresthat in the aftermath of the crisis, theemphasis of the macroeconomic policyneeds to shift from the objective of verylow inflation that predominated prior tothe crisis towards growth. Fiscal policy iskey in this regard, through public outlayson infrastructure anchored in themedium term expenditure frameworksthat would also have a counter-cyclicalrole. Where conditions allow, frontiermarket LICs may want to consideradopting flexible inflation targetingframeworks that would provide sufficientroom for expansion of credit to theprivate sector.
{"title":"Supporting Africa’s Post-Crisis Growth: The Role of Macroeconomic Policies","authors":"Zuzana Brixiová, L. Ndikumana, Kaouther Abderrahim","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1739817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1739817","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to discussmacroeconomic policies that would helpAfrican countries, especially the lowincome countries (LICs), reach strong,sustained and shared growth in the postcrisisworld. The paper first reviews, witha special focus on LICs, macroeconomicpolicies in Africa prior to the crisis. Itthen discusses factors behind ‘the Africasurprise’ that is the continent’s overallgood performance during the crisis andrelatively fast recovery. It underscoresthat in the aftermath of the crisis, theemphasis of the macroeconomic policyneeds to shift from the objective of verylow inflation that predominated prior tothe crisis towards growth. Fiscal policy iskey in this regard, through public outlayson infrastructure anchored in themedium term expenditure frameworksthat would also have a counter-cyclicalrole. Where conditions allow, frontiermarket LICs may want to consideradopting flexible inflation targetingframeworks that would provide sufficientroom for expansion of credit to theprivate sector.","PeriodicalId":213910,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets: Regional Perspective eJournal","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133811215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are increasingly being adopted by organisations in developing countries. As in industrialised countries, this adoption seems beset by significant rates of failure, leading to a large waste of investment and other resources. This paper seeks to understand why ERP failure occurs.
In doing this, it moves beyond the factor lists that have so-far dominated analysis. Instead, it makes use of the "design-reality gap" model. This conceptual framework aims to be comprehensive but also contingent; sensitive to the specific conditions of any individual client organisation.
The design-reality gap model is applied to a case study of partial ERP failure in a Jordanian manufacturing firm. The model analyses the situation both before and during ERP implementation. It finds sizeable gaps between the assumptions and requirements built into the ERP system design, and the actual realities of the client organisation. It is these gaps – and the failure to close them during implementation – that underlie project failure.
The paper draws conclusions about good practice in ERP implementation relating to both risk identification and risk mitigation, and offers examples of both specific and generic actions that can be undertaken. But it also notes challenges existing in some developing country contexts that may continue to constrain the effective use of enterprise resource planning systems.
{"title":"Explaining ERP Failure in Developing Countries: A Jordanian Case Study","authors":"Richard Heeks, A. Hawari","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3477359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3477359","url":null,"abstract":"Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are increasingly being adopted by organisations in developing countries. As in industrialised countries, this adoption seems beset by significant rates of failure, leading to a large waste of investment and other resources. This paper seeks to understand why ERP failure occurs.<br><br>In doing this, it moves beyond the factor lists that have so-far dominated analysis. Instead, it makes use of the \"design-reality gap\" model. This conceptual framework aims to be comprehensive but also contingent; sensitive to the specific conditions of any individual client organisation.<br><br>The design-reality gap model is applied to a case study of partial ERP failure in a Jordanian manufacturing firm. The model analyses the situation both before and during ERP implementation. It finds sizeable gaps between the assumptions and requirements built into the ERP system design, and the actual realities of the client organisation. It is these gaps – and the failure to close them during implementation – that underlie project failure.<br><br>The paper draws conclusions about good practice in ERP implementation relating to both risk identification and risk mitigation, and offers examples of both specific and generic actions that can be undertaken. But it also notes challenges existing in some developing country contexts that may continue to constrain the effective use of enterprise resource planning systems.","PeriodicalId":213910,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets: Regional Perspective eJournal","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122851460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-08-31DOI: 10.4337/9780857936363.00025
E. Patrick McDermott
This chapter addresses the current state of Industrial Relations in China and offers possible scenarios as to developments over the next few years.
本章阐述了中国劳资关系的现状，并为未来几年的发展提供了可能的方案。
{"title":"Industrial Relations in China: Ball of Confusion","authors":"E. Patrick McDermott","doi":"10.4337/9780857936363.00025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9780857936363.00025","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter addresses the current state of Industrial Relations in China and offers possible scenarios as to developments over the next few years.","PeriodicalId":213910,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets: Regional Perspective eJournal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124622962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The World Bank has published a series of reports on corporate governance as part of its project on the Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC). The corporate governance principles in its ROSC Reports are benchmarked against the OECD’s Principles of Corporate Governance (OECD 2004). The main categories of principles are discussed below. This study focuses on the main corporate governance attributes of South Korea. The paper concludes with an extensive bibliography.
{"title":"Corporate Governance in Transition and Developing Economies: A Case Study of South Korea","authors":"Robert W. McGee","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1665074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1665074","url":null,"abstract":"The World Bank has published a series of reports on corporate governance as part of its project on the Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC). The corporate governance principles in its ROSC Reports are benchmarked against the OECD’s Principles of Corporate Governance (OECD 2004). The main categories of principles are discussed below. This study focuses on the main corporate governance attributes of South Korea. The paper concludes with an extensive bibliography.","PeriodicalId":213910,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets: Regional Perspective eJournal","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115190867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The World Bank has published a series of reports on corporate governance as part of its project on the Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC). The corporate governance principles in its ROSC Reports are benchmarked against the OECD’s Principles of Corporate Governance (OECD 2004). The main categories of principles are discussed below. This study focuses on the main corporate governance attributes of Chile. The paper concludes with an extensive bibliography.
{"title":"Corporate Governance in Transition and Developing Economies: A Case Study of Chile","authors":"Robert W. McGee","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1665053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1665053","url":null,"abstract":"The World Bank has published a series of reports on corporate governance as part of its project on the Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC). The corporate governance principles in its ROSC Reports are benchmarked against the OECD’s Principles of Corporate Governance (OECD 2004). The main categories of principles are discussed below. This study focuses on the main corporate governance attributes of Chile. The paper concludes with an extensive bibliography.","PeriodicalId":213910,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets: Regional Perspective eJournal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132220550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The World Bank has published a series of reports on corporate governance as part of its project on the Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC). The corporate governance principles in its ROSC Reports are benchmarked against the OECD’s Principles of Corporate Governance (OECD 2004). The main categories of principles are discussed below. This study focuses on the main corporate governance attributes of Egypt. The paper concludes with an extensive bibliography.
{"title":"Corporate Governance in Transition and Developing Economies: A Case Study of Egypt","authors":"Robert W. McGee","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1665058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1665058","url":null,"abstract":"The World Bank has published a series of reports on corporate governance as part of its project on the Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC). The corporate governance principles in its ROSC Reports are benchmarked against the OECD’s Principles of Corporate Governance (OECD 2004). The main categories of principles are discussed below. This study focuses on the main corporate governance attributes of Egypt. The paper concludes with an extensive bibliography.","PeriodicalId":213910,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets: Regional Perspective eJournal","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124691930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The World Bank has published a series of reports on corporate governance as part of its project on the Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC). The corporate governance principles in its ROSC Reports are benchmarked against the OECD’s Principles of Corporate Governance (OECD 2004). The main categories of principles are discussed below. This study focuses on the main corporate governance attributes of Bhutan. The paper concludes with an extensive bibliography.
{"title":"Corporate Governance in Transition and Developing Economies: A Case Study of Bhutan","authors":"Robert W. McGee","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1664855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1664855","url":null,"abstract":"The World Bank has published a series of reports on corporate governance as part of its project on the Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC). The corporate governance principles in its ROSC Reports are benchmarked against the OECD’s Principles of Corporate Governance (OECD 2004). The main categories of principles are discussed below. This study focuses on the main corporate governance attributes of Bhutan. The paper concludes with an extensive bibliography.","PeriodicalId":213910,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets: Regional Perspective eJournal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114587855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Review of "recent financial crisis" effects on developing countries show that countries with high degrees of trade openness, dependence on export earnings, concentrated export markets and low level of trade diversification, affected more from trade diversions. After introducing four "seasonal," "trend growth rates," "sub-sector crisis" and "export crisis" indices, this paper studies the impacts of the global crisis on 28 sub-sectors of IRAN non-oil export economy with using forecasting and projection techniques. Result of this study clusters these 28 sub-sectors to three low, medium and high damaged groups. Computation of the indices shows that "high-tech" and "agricultural" sub-sectors are in low damaged group. Also, trend of export crisis index show that after starting the crisis in 2007Q4, IRAN economy has confronted with a small negative impact (-12.5%) from 2008Q1 to 2008Q3, then a small favorable impact (12.36%) from 2008Q4 to 2009Q1 and finally a severe negative impact (-45.5%) from 2009Q2 to 2009Q4.
{"title":"Measuring the Impacts of Recent Global Crisis on Iran Non-Oil Export Economy","authors":"A. Maleki","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1702261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1702261","url":null,"abstract":"Review of \"recent financial crisis\" effects on developing countries show that countries with high degrees of trade openness, dependence on export earnings, concentrated export markets and low level of trade diversification, affected more from trade diversions. After introducing four \"seasonal,\" \"trend growth rates,\" \"sub-sector crisis\" and \"export crisis\" indices, this paper studies the impacts of the global crisis on 28 sub-sectors of IRAN non-oil export economy with using forecasting and projection techniques. Result of this study clusters these 28 sub-sectors to three low, medium and high damaged groups. Computation of the indices shows that \"high-tech\" and \"agricultural\" sub-sectors are in low damaged group. Also, trend of export crisis index show that after starting the crisis in 2007Q4, IRAN economy has confronted with a small negative impact (-12.5%) from 2008Q1 to 2008Q3, then a small favorable impact (12.36%) from 2008Q4 to 2009Q1 and finally a severe negative impact (-45.5%) from 2009Q2 to 2009Q4.","PeriodicalId":213910,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets: Regional Perspective eJournal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128543994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper studies the political and economic factors that determine successful export diversification (ED) and export sophistication (ES) strategies in the Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries and also the way in which successful ED and sophistication strategies contribute to explain the improving in some of the millennium development goals (MDG). We run separate regressions for the determinants of ES and ED, using disaggregated data of the 48 SSA countries, from 1960 to 2005. The results suggest that better governance is an important determinant for the success of diversification and sophistication strategies in SSA. In particular the level of corruption, transparency and accountability are important factors in limiting or promoting the scope of diversification and the level of sophistication of the exports. The results also suggest that increases in human capital in SSA countries promote both ED and ES, showing that the level of education of the workforce is positively related with ES and ED, with higher levels of education (tertiary) playing a more important role in explaining ES, while lower levels of education (primary) being more important as determinants of ED. In the second part we explore the links between ED and ES and growth presenting evidence that ED and ES are linked to growth stability in SSA. This study also suggests that the Sub-Saharan countries that were more successful in achieving ED and ES tend to be more successful in improving the living conditions of their population. Using different variables of Infant Mortality (one of the MDG) and life expectancy as dependent variables, we present evidence that suggests that in SSA higher ED and ES are associated with lower infant mortality and higher life expectancy. We show that this result is robust, presenting positive and significant results even when a large number of different control variables are introduced, or when fixed effects and instrumental variables are considered. The evidence suggests that ED and ES are part of the solution for a successful development of SSA.
{"title":"Determinants of Export Diversification and Sophistication in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"M. Cabral, Paula Veiga","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1665116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1665116","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the political and economic factors that determine successful export diversification (ED) and export sophistication (ES) strategies in the Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries and also the way in which successful ED and sophistication strategies contribute to explain the improving in some of the millennium development goals (MDG). We run separate regressions for the determinants of ES and ED, using disaggregated data of the 48 SSA countries, from 1960 to 2005. The results suggest that better governance is an important determinant for the success of diversification and sophistication strategies in SSA. In particular the level of corruption, transparency and accountability are important factors in limiting or promoting the scope of diversification and the level of sophistication of the exports. The results also suggest that increases in human capital in SSA countries promote both ED and ES, showing that the level of education of the workforce is positively related with ES and ED, with higher levels of education (tertiary) playing a more important role in explaining ES, while lower levels of education (primary) being more important as determinants of ED. In the second part we explore the links between ED and ES and growth presenting evidence that ED and ES are linked to growth stability in SSA. This study also suggests that the Sub-Saharan countries that were more successful in achieving ED and ES tend to be more successful in improving the living conditions of their population. Using different variables of Infant Mortality (one of the MDG) and life expectancy as dependent variables, we present evidence that suggests that in SSA higher ED and ES are associated with lower infant mortality and higher life expectancy. We show that this result is robust, presenting positive and significant results even when a large number of different control variables are introduced, or when fixed effects and instrumental variables are considered. The evidence suggests that ED and ES are part of the solution for a successful development of SSA.","PeriodicalId":213910,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Markets: Regional Perspective eJournal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114161202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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