Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-eob-14033
V. Talayev, M. Svetlova, I. Zaichenko, O. Babaykina, E. Voronina, Sergey I. Chistyakov
Abstract. B-cell receptors can interact with antigen epitopes on various objects: macromolecules, microorganisms or on the surface of other cells, for example follicular dendritic cells. Accordingly, B cells, on the one hand, have the ability to evaluate the location of epitopes on the surface of a pathogen, and, on the other hand, they must adapt their receptor apparatus to different epitope locations and antigen-bearing surface properties. Indeed, B-cell receptors, antibodies and other multimeric molecules of the immune system better bind objects to the regular and dense arrangement of epitopes characteristic of many pathogens. As a result, this arrangement of epitopes can be recognized by the immune system as a pathogen-associated geometric pattern, but the conditions for its recognition by B cells change depending on the isotype of the immunoglobulin in the receptor and the degree of maturity of the B lymphocyte. Young B cells express membrane IgM, which is involved in the development of B cells and the selection of their repertoire. Receptors with IgM do not impose strict requirements on the location of epitopes and can activate the B cell even when binding a monovalent antigen. Receptors with membrane IgD are expressed later and predominate on naive B cells before entering the immune response. These receptors are optimized for point-to-point antigen binding and severely require this type of interaction to induce an activation signal. Before contact with antigen, B-cell receptors are grouped in discrete zones of the membrane - nanoclusters, due to close interactions with the actin cytoskeleton. Receptors with membrane IgM and IgD form separate nanoclusters, with IgD located on lipid rafts together with co-receptors and signaling molecules, while IgM are located at normal membrane sites. Contact with the antigen leads to the disconnection of receptors from the cytoskeleton, the growth of their mobility and the unification of nanoclusters into microclusters - large clusters enriched with signal molecules. The most dynamic changes are observed by contact with an antigen fixed on the membrane of another cell. In this case, free actin moves to the periphery of the intercellular contact zone, where it forms the cytoskeleton of the processes carrying the clusters of receptors. The processes spread across the surface of the partner cell and then contract, moving the antigen-binding microclusters to the center of the contact zone. Finally, the microclusters combine into a central cluster of the immune synapse, the intensity of the activation signal drops, and the cell prepares for endocytosis of antigens grouped at the local site. Thus, the structure of B-cell receptors can contribute to the response of the B-lymphocyte to antigens with a characteristic spatial location, while the dynamic interaction of the B-cell receptor apparatus with the cytoskeleton allows optimizing the binding of antigens presented on various carriers. Knowledge of the spatia
摘要 B细胞受体可与各种物体上的抗原表位相互作用：大分子、微生物或其他细胞（如滤泡树突状细胞）表面。因此，B细胞一方面有能力评估病原体表面表位的位置，另一方面必须使其受体装置适应不同的表位位置和抗原表面特性。事实上，B 细胞受体、抗体和免疫系统的其他多聚体分子能更好地与许多病原体特有的表位规则而密集的排列结合。因此，这种表位排列可被免疫系统识别为与病原体相关的几何图案，但 B 细胞识别这种图案的条件会因受体中免疫球蛋白的同工型和 B 淋巴细胞的成熟程度而改变。年轻的 B 细胞表达膜 IgM，它参与 B 细胞的发育和 B 细胞群的选择。膜 IgM 受体对表位的位置没有严格要求，即使与单价抗原结合也能激活 B 细胞。膜 IgD 受体表达较晚，在进入免疫反应之前主要存在于幼稚 B 细胞中。这些受体针对点对点抗原结合进行了优化，并严重需要这种类型的相互作用来诱导激活信号。在与抗原接触之前，B 细胞受体由于与肌动蛋白细胞骨架的密切相互作用而聚集在膜的离散区域--纳米集群。带有膜 IgM 和 IgD 的受体形成独立的纳米簇，IgD 与共受体和信号分子一起位于脂质筏上，而 IgM 则位于正常膜部位。与抗原接触后，受体与细胞骨架断开，其流动性增加，纳米集群统一为微集群--富含信号分子的大集群。与固定在另一个细胞膜上的抗原接触时，可观察到最活跃的变化。在这种情况下，自由肌动蛋白会移动到细胞间接触区的外围，在那里形成携带受体团簇的过程的细胞骨架。这些过程在伙伴细胞表面扩散，然后收缩，将抗原结合微簇移至接触区的中心。最后，微簇结合成免疫突触的中心簇，激活信号的强度下降，细胞准备内吞聚集在局部的抗原。因此，B细胞受体的结构有助于B淋巴细胞对具有特征性空间位置的抗原做出反应，而B细胞受体装置与细胞骨架的动态相互作用可以优化与呈现在不同载体上的抗原的结合。有关抗原识别空间方面的知识可能有助于构建基于病毒样颗粒或其他人工载体上抗原的疫苗。
{"title":"INTERACTION OF B-CELL RECEPTORS AND ANTIGENS WITH DIFFERENT SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT","authors":"V. Talayev, M. Svetlova, I. Zaichenko, O. Babaykina, E. Voronina, Sergey I. Chistyakov","doi":"10.15789/2220-7619-eob-14033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-eob-14033","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. B-cell receptors can interact with antigen epitopes on various objects: macromolecules, microorganisms or on the surface of other cells, for example follicular dendritic cells. Accordingly, B cells, on the one hand, have the ability to evaluate the location of epitopes on the surface of a pathogen, and, on the other hand, they must adapt their receptor apparatus to different epitope locations and antigen-bearing surface properties. Indeed, B-cell receptors, antibodies and other multimeric molecules of the immune system better bind objects to the regular and dense arrangement of epitopes characteristic of many pathogens. As a result, this arrangement of epitopes can be recognized by the immune system as a pathogen-associated geometric pattern, but the conditions for its recognition by B cells change depending on the isotype of the immunoglobulin in the receptor and the degree of maturity of the B lymphocyte. Young B cells express membrane IgM, which is involved in the development of B cells and the selection of their repertoire. Receptors with IgM do not impose strict requirements on the location of epitopes and can activate the B cell even when binding a monovalent antigen. Receptors with membrane IgD are expressed later and predominate on naive B cells before entering the immune response. These receptors are optimized for point-to-point antigen binding and severely require this type of interaction to induce an activation signal. Before contact with antigen, B-cell receptors are grouped in discrete zones of the membrane - nanoclusters, due to close interactions with the actin cytoskeleton. Receptors with membrane IgM and IgD form separate nanoclusters, with IgD located on lipid rafts together with co-receptors and signaling molecules, while IgM are located at normal membrane sites. Contact with the antigen leads to the disconnection of receptors from the cytoskeleton, the growth of their mobility and the unification of nanoclusters into microclusters - large clusters enriched with signal molecules. The most dynamic changes are observed by contact with an antigen fixed on the membrane of another cell. In this case, free actin moves to the periphery of the intercellular contact zone, where it forms the cytoskeleton of the processes carrying the clusters of receptors. The processes spread across the surface of the partner cell and then contract, moving the antigen-binding microclusters to the center of the contact zone. Finally, the microclusters combine into a central cluster of the immune synapse, the intensity of the activation signal drops, and the cell prepares for endocytosis of antigens grouped at the local site. Thus, the structure of B-cell receptors can contribute to the response of the B-lymphocyte to antigens with a characteristic spatial location, while the dynamic interaction of the B-cell receptor apparatus with the cytoskeleton allows optimizing the binding of antigens presented on various carriers. Knowledge of the spatia","PeriodicalId":21412,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139282444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-ipi-8486
L. Kurlaeva, T. F. Stepanova, Ksenia Stepanova, A. N. Kosyreva, Irina Vladimirovna Bakshtanovskaya, G. Kalgina, Svetlana Andreevna Grigorieva
To identify the features of the immune system functioning in patients with chronic opisthorchiasis bearing mutations in loci associated with predisposition to developing osteoporosis, comprehensive studies of cellular and humoral arms were carried out. The state of the phagocytic system was assessed by assessing absorption, metabolic activity and reactive oxygen species formation to restore nitrosine tetrazolium (spontaneous and stimulated NST test). The phenotype of lymphocytes was determined by flow cytometry. The humoral immune arm was evaluated by the number of immunoglobulin classes M, G, A and E. Differences in the functional state of various arms of the immune system were revealed. In patients with chronic opisthorchiasis in the presence of rs1544410 polymorphism of the gene encoding the intracellular vitamin D receptor, the relative number of T-helper cells is significantly lower than in the group with the normal allele. In the presence of rs1800012 polymorphism of the gene encoding the 1-chain of type I collagen, the absolute lymphocyte count is significantly higher, spontaneous and stimulated NST test were lower, the number of DN-T lymphocytes is significantly lower (both in relative and absolute values). In the presence of the rs3736228 mutation of the gene encoding the transmembrane low-density lipoprotein receptor, the level of myeloperoxidase and the neutrophil stimulation index are lower, the absorption activity of neutrophils is higher. The presence of the rs2234693 mutation for estrogen receptor gene leads to significantly increased level of stimulated NST test and IgG concentration. Thus, patients with chronic opisthorchiasis bearing mutations in the COL1 A1, LRP5, ESR1(rs2234693) genes, have altered both nonspecific innate reactions and parameters of the adaptive immune arm; mutation of the VDR gene s9lely affects adaptive immunity. Analysis of the results suggests that the presence of mutations associated with the development of osteoporosis has a modulating effect on the immune response in chronic opisthorchiasis invasion. The identification of polymorphic genes associated with metabolic disorders of bone tissue and the study of the immunological profile in patients with chronic opisthorchiasis invasion will allow to implement an individual approach in the treatment of such patients.
为了确定与骨质疏松症易感性相关的基因位点突变的慢性口蹄疫患者的免疫系统功能特征，对细胞和体液武器进行了全面研究。通过评估吸收、新陈代谢活动和活性氧形成以恢复亚硝酸四氮唑（自发和刺激 NST 试验），对吞噬系统的状态进行了评估。淋巴细胞的表型通过流式细胞术确定。体液免疫臂通过 M、G、A 和 E 类免疫球蛋白的数量进行评估。在存在细胞内维生素 D 受体编码基因 rs1544410 多态性的慢性口蹄疫患者中，T 辅助细胞的相对数量明显低于正常等位基因组。在编码 I 型胶原 1 链的基因存在 rs1800012 多态性的情况下，淋巴细胞绝对数量明显增加，自发和刺激 NST 试验均降低，DN-T 淋巴细胞数量明显降低（包括相对值和绝对值）。编码跨膜低密度脂蛋白受体的基因出现 rs3736228 突变时，髓过氧化物酶水平和中性粒细胞刺激指数较低，中性粒细胞的吸收活性较高。雌激素受体基因 rs2234693 突变会导致刺激 NST 试验水平和 IgG 浓度显著升高。因此，COL1 A1、LRP5、ESR1(rs2234693)基因突变的慢性口蹄疫患者的非特异性先天性反应和适应性免疫臂参数都发生了改变；VDR基因突变仅影响适应性免疫。分析结果表明，与骨质疏松症的发生有关的突变的存在对慢性鸦片吸虫病入侵的免疫反应有调节作用。通过鉴定与骨组织代谢紊乱有关的多态性基因和研究慢性弓形虫入侵患者的免疫学特征，可以对这类患者采取个性化的治疗方法。
{"title":"IMMUNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OPISTHORCHIASIS BEARING GENE MUTATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH OSTEOPOROSIS-PREDISPOSITION","authors":"L. Kurlaeva, T. F. Stepanova, Ksenia Stepanova, A. N. Kosyreva, Irina Vladimirovna Bakshtanovskaya, G. Kalgina, Svetlana Andreevna Grigorieva","doi":"10.15789/2220-7619-ipi-8486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-ipi-8486","url":null,"abstract":"To identify the features of the immune system functioning in patients with chronic opisthorchiasis bearing mutations in loci associated with predisposition to developing osteoporosis, comprehensive studies of cellular and humoral arms were carried out. The state of the phagocytic system was assessed by assessing absorption, metabolic activity and reactive oxygen species formation to restore nitrosine tetrazolium (spontaneous and stimulated NST test). The phenotype of lymphocytes was determined by flow cytometry. The humoral immune arm was evaluated by the number of immunoglobulin classes M, G, A and E. Differences in the functional state of various arms of the immune system were revealed. In patients with chronic opisthorchiasis in the presence of rs1544410 polymorphism of the gene encoding the intracellular vitamin D receptor, the relative number of T-helper cells is significantly lower than in the group with the normal allele. In the presence of rs1800012 polymorphism of the gene encoding the 1-chain of type I collagen, the absolute lymphocyte count is significantly higher, spontaneous and stimulated NST test were lower, the number of DN-T lymphocytes is significantly lower (both in relative and absolute values). In the presence of the rs3736228 mutation of the gene encoding the transmembrane low-density lipoprotein receptor, the level of myeloperoxidase and the neutrophil stimulation index are lower, the absorption activity of neutrophils is higher. The presence of the rs2234693 mutation for estrogen receptor gene leads to significantly increased level of stimulated NST test and IgG concentration. Thus, patients with chronic opisthorchiasis bearing mutations in the COL1 A1, LRP5, ESR1(rs2234693) genes, have altered both nonspecific innate reactions and parameters of the adaptive immune arm; mutation of the VDR gene s9lely affects adaptive immunity. Analysis of the results suggests that the presence of mutations associated with the development of osteoporosis has a modulating effect on the immune response in chronic opisthorchiasis invasion. The identification of polymorphic genes associated with metabolic disorders of bone tissue and the study of the immunological profile in patients with chronic opisthorchiasis invasion will allow to implement an individual approach in the treatment of such patients.","PeriodicalId":21412,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity","volume":"95 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139282539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-etp-14481
Mahnaz Valizadeh, Termeh Tarjoman, B. Farhoudi, Arezoo Chouhdari, M. Mesgarian, Seyedahmad Seyedalinaghi, M. Zangeneh, Zahra Hanifezadeh, Hesam Adain Atashi, Hamidreza Massumi naini, Shahla Abolghasemi, M. Dezfulinejad, S. Haghani
Background: In vitro studies have shown some effects for Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) against SARS-COV-2 virus. Despite effective vaccination program, relatively large proportion of population remains unvaccinated. So, there still remains a need for other prophylactic measures. The present study aims to evaluate whether HCQ can prevent severe COVID-19 outcomes among health-care workers. Methods: In this randomized, double blind placebo-controlled clinical trial 334 healthcare workers aged 18-65 year-old were included of whom 278 individuals completed the study. Participants were randomly assigned to the HCQ group (800 mg at day one, followed by 400 mg weekly for the next 7 weeks); or the placebo group. Participants were followed three weeks after the last dose of drug or placebo (10 weeks from the first dose of drug or placebo). The primary outcome was hospitalization or death from COVID-19. Results: Of 148 people who received HCQ, none were hospitalized or died from COIVD-19, while of 130 people who received the placebo, 2 (1.5%) were hospitalized or died for COIVD-19 (p value:0.26). And, 22 (14.9%) people in the HCQ group and 15 (11.6%) people in the placebo group contracted COVID-19 (p-value:0.99). Adverse reactions were reported by 5 (3.4%) of participants in the HCQ group and 5 (3.9%) of participants in the placebo group ( p value:0.99). Conclusion: We found that HCQ has no significant prevention effect on the incidence of mild COVID-19. However; The low rate of hospitalization (the primary outcome) in this trial like most of the other clinical trials with HCQ would have required increasing the sample size considerably to be able to comment on the effectiveness of HCQ in prevention of severe forms including death rate. This justifies systematic reviews to include similar studies to further investigate the issue.
{"title":"EFFECT THE PRE-EXPOSURE PROPHYLACTIC OF HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE ON SEVERE COVID-19 DISEASE: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL","authors":"Mahnaz Valizadeh, Termeh Tarjoman, B. Farhoudi, Arezoo Chouhdari, M. Mesgarian, Seyedahmad Seyedalinaghi, M. Zangeneh, Zahra Hanifezadeh, Hesam Adain Atashi, Hamidreza Massumi naini, Shahla Abolghasemi, M. Dezfulinejad, S. Haghani","doi":"10.15789/2220-7619-etp-14481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-etp-14481","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In vitro studies have shown some effects for Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) against SARS-COV-2 virus. Despite effective vaccination program, relatively large proportion of population remains unvaccinated. So, there still remains a need for other prophylactic measures. The present study aims to evaluate whether HCQ can prevent severe COVID-19 outcomes among health-care workers. Methods: In this randomized, double blind placebo-controlled clinical trial 334 healthcare workers aged 18-65 year-old were included of whom 278 individuals completed the study. Participants were randomly assigned to the HCQ group (800 mg at day one, followed by 400 mg weekly for the next 7 weeks); or the placebo group. Participants were followed three weeks after the last dose of drug or placebo (10 weeks from the first dose of drug or placebo). The primary outcome was hospitalization or death from COVID-19. Results: Of 148 people who received HCQ, none were hospitalized or died from COIVD-19, while of 130 people who received the placebo, 2 (1.5%) were hospitalized or died for COIVD-19 (p value:0.26). And, 22 (14.9%) people in the HCQ group and 15 (11.6%) people in the placebo group contracted COVID-19 (p-value:0.99). Adverse reactions were reported by 5 (3.4%) of participants in the HCQ group and 5 (3.9%) of participants in the placebo group ( p value:0.99). Conclusion: We found that HCQ has no significant prevention effect on the incidence of mild COVID-19. However; The low rate of hospitalization (the primary outcome) in this trial like most of the other clinical trials with HCQ would have required increasing the sample size considerably to be able to comment on the effectiveness of HCQ in prevention of severe forms including death rate. This justifies systematic reviews to include similar studies to further investigate the issue.","PeriodicalId":21412,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139282981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-24DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-rgd-15620
A. Ksenafontov, Maria M. Pisareva, V. A. Eder, T. Musaeva, A. Fadeev, A. Komissarov, Irina V. Kiseleva, Dmitry A. Lioznov
Introduction. Rhinoviruses represent one of the most common respiratory viruses and belong to the Picornoviridae family, genus Enterovirus, being divided into three types: A, B, C, which account for 169 types. Rhinoviruses predominate in autumn and spring periods, although they circulate throughout almost entire epidemic season. The rhinovirus genome is represented by a single-stranded 7.2 thousand base-long +RNA. According to the publications, the most common rhinovirus species is rhinovirus A (HRV-A), followed by rhinoviruses C (HRV-C) and finally rhinovirus B (HRV-B). The aim of our study was to define rhinovirus genetic diversity in Saint Petersburg . Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza. Samples (smears from the nasopharynx and oropharynx) were delivered from the S.P. Botkin Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital, St. Olga’s Children's City Hospital, N.F. Filatov Children's City Clinical Hospital No. 5. Outpatient samples were used as well. Samples received from December 2020 to October 2021 were analyzed. Detection of rhinoviruses was carried out by real-time PCR, typing — by Sanger sequencing, with primers developed by da Costa Souza L. et al. (2021). Results. According to total specimen testing, rhinoviruses comprise 3.2% total number of specimens tested. Of these, 71 rhinoviruses were typed, representing 17.03% total number of rhinovirus-positive specimens. The most common was HRV-A (55%), among which 21 types were found (the most common HRV-A46 is 13%, n = 5). HRV-B and HRV-C were found in equal numbers — 23% (n = 16) of each species out of total number of typed rhinoviruses. Among HRV-B, 8 types were found; the most common HRV-B06 comprised 33% (n = 5). Among HRV-C, 7 types were found (the most common types are HRV-C42, HRV-C32 and HRV-C15 — 19% each, n = 3). HRV-A was detected mainly in patients aged 18 to 65 years (57.5%, n = 23). HRV-B was detected only in adult patients (100%, n = 16). HRV-C was detected in children under 2 years of age (43.75%, n = 7) and adults aged 18–65 years (31.25%, n = 5). In some cases, HRV-A and HRV-C were associated with various respiratory tract syndromes such as acute nasopharyngitis, laryngotracheitis, obstructive bronchitis, and pneumonia. HRV-B was related to clinical manifestations of pneumonia in seven cases. Conclusion. Rhinovirus type A prevails in Saint Petersburg . Rhinoviruses can be associated with diverse respiratory tract syndromes.
{"title":"2020–2021 rhinovirus genetic diversity in Saint Petersburg","authors":"A. Ksenafontov, Maria M. Pisareva, V. A. Eder, T. Musaeva, A. Fadeev, A. Komissarov, Irina V. Kiseleva, Dmitry A. Lioznov","doi":"10.15789/2220-7619-rgd-15620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-rgd-15620","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Rhinoviruses represent one of the most common respiratory viruses and belong to the Picornoviridae family, genus Enterovirus, being divided into three types: A, B, C, which account for 169 types. Rhinoviruses predominate in autumn and spring periods, although they circulate throughout almost entire epidemic season. The rhinovirus genome is represented by a single-stranded 7.2 thousand base-long +RNA. According to the publications, the most common rhinovirus species is rhinovirus A (HRV-A), followed by rhinoviruses C (HRV-C) and finally rhinovirus B (HRV-B). The aim of our study was to define rhinovirus genetic diversity in Saint Petersburg . Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza. Samples (smears from the nasopharynx and oropharynx) were delivered from the S.P. Botkin Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital, St. Olga’s Children's City Hospital, N.F. Filatov Children's City Clinical Hospital No. 5. Outpatient samples were used as well. Samples received from December 2020 to October 2021 were analyzed. Detection of rhinoviruses was carried out by real-time PCR, typing — by Sanger sequencing, with primers developed by da Costa Souza L. et al. (2021). Results. According to total specimen testing, rhinoviruses comprise 3.2% total number of specimens tested. Of these, 71 rhinoviruses were typed, representing 17.03% total number of rhinovirus-positive specimens. The most common was HRV-A (55%), among which 21 types were found (the most common HRV-A46 is 13%, n = 5). HRV-B and HRV-C were found in equal numbers — 23% (n = 16) of each species out of total number of typed rhinoviruses. Among HRV-B, 8 types were found; the most common HRV-B06 comprised 33% (n = 5). Among HRV-C, 7 types were found (the most common types are HRV-C42, HRV-C32 and HRV-C15 — 19% each, n = 3). HRV-A was detected mainly in patients aged 18 to 65 years (57.5%, n = 23). HRV-B was detected only in adult patients (100%, n = 16). HRV-C was detected in children under 2 years of age (43.75%, n = 7) and adults aged 18–65 years (31.25%, n = 5). In some cases, HRV-A and HRV-C were associated with various respiratory tract syndromes such as acute nasopharyngitis, laryngotracheitis, obstructive bronchitis, and pneumonia. HRV-B was related to clinical manifestations of pneumonia in seven cases. Conclusion. Rhinovirus type A prevails in Saint Petersburg . Rhinoviruses can be associated with diverse respiratory tract syndromes.","PeriodicalId":21412,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139314691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-iol-16867
M. Yunusbaeva, D. Terentyeva, L. Borodina, A. Zakirova, S. Bulatov, F. Bilalov, B. Yunusbayev
The use of long-term multicomponent antibiotic therapy is the most effective way to treat tuberculosis (TB). However, little is known about the effect of this chemotherapy on the human intestinal microflora. The purpose of this study was to analyze an effect of long-term antibiotic therapy on gut microbiome composition and metabolic profile in TB patients. We used deep sequencing of fecal samples from 23 treatment-naive TB patients to reconstruct the metabolic capacity and strain/species-level abundance in the gut microbiome. Two fecal samples were obtained from each patient: before and after treatment. We showed that TB treatment regimen does not disrupt the overall diversity of the gut microbiome but does have an impact on gut bacterial microbiome composition and metabolic profile. While taking first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide), TB patients showed an apparent increase in Actinobacteria abundance. Pairwise comparison of metagenomic data revealed 28 differentially represented bacterial taxa, of which three species Bacteroides cellulosilyticus, Enterocloster aldensis, Clostridium spiroforme were strongly enriched in TB patients post-chemotherapy, whereas 25 species were enriched in TB patients before treatment (Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Enterococcus faecium, Bacteroides salyersiae, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Bacteroides eggerthii, Lachnospira eligens, Akkermansia muciniphila, Ruminococcus lactaris, etc.) (p 0.05). The metabolic profile of the gut microbiome was characterized by increased metabolic processes aimed at the growth and division of microbial cells. Iron is the main limiting factor for growth and reproduction. In addition, it is important to note the prevalence of glycolysis and lactate fermentation as the major means for energy production by intestinal microbiota.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF LONG-TERM ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY ON GUT MICROBIOME COMPOSITION AND METABOLIC PROFILE IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS","authors":"M. Yunusbaeva, D. Terentyeva, L. Borodina, A. Zakirova, S. Bulatov, F. Bilalov, B. Yunusbayev","doi":"10.15789/2220-7619-iol-16867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-iol-16867","url":null,"abstract":"The use of long-term multicomponent antibiotic therapy is the most effective way to treat tuberculosis (TB). However, little is known about the effect of this chemotherapy on the human intestinal microflora. The purpose of this study was to analyze an effect of long-term antibiotic therapy on gut microbiome composition and metabolic profile in TB patients. We used deep sequencing of fecal samples from 23 treatment-naive TB patients to reconstruct the metabolic capacity and strain/species-level abundance in the gut microbiome. Two fecal samples were obtained from each patient: before and after treatment. We showed that TB treatment regimen does not disrupt the overall diversity of the gut microbiome but does have an impact on gut bacterial microbiome composition and metabolic profile. While taking first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide), TB patients showed an apparent increase in Actinobacteria abundance. Pairwise comparison of metagenomic data revealed 28 differentially represented bacterial taxa, of which three species Bacteroides cellulosilyticus, Enterocloster aldensis, Clostridium spiroforme were strongly enriched in TB patients post-chemotherapy, whereas 25 species were enriched in TB patients before treatment (Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Enterococcus faecium, Bacteroides salyersiae, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Bacteroides eggerthii, Lachnospira eligens, Akkermansia muciniphila, Ruminococcus lactaris, etc.) (p 0.05). The metabolic profile of the gut microbiome was characterized by increased metabolic processes aimed at the growth and division of microbial cells. Iron is the main limiting factor for growth and reproduction. In addition, it is important to note the prevalence of glycolysis and lactate fermentation as the major means for energy production by intestinal microbiota.","PeriodicalId":21412,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139314941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-ioi-2081
S. Turdieva, D. Ganieva, Gulmira Nasirova Ramziddinovna
The study aimed to assess the effect of inhaled bacteriophage therapy on oral mucosal immunity in children with acute tonsillitis. Materials and methods. We examined 212 patients aged 4 to 15 years old with acute tonsillitis and 110 age-matched apparently healthy children. Research methods: calculating the Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), saliva diagnostics - secretory immunoglobulin (sIgA) and the pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-). Taking into account the scheme of the treatment, the patients were divided into mutually comparable groups: the first group included patients with acute tonsillitis who received the standard generally accepted treatment depending on the clinical form of the pathology, without using bacteriophage therapy - n=107 (50.5%), the second group - patients receiving a course of bacteriophage therapy - n=105 (49.95%), nebulizer bacteriophage therapy using liquid complex pyobacteriophage (PCL, produced by Microgen, Russia) from the first days of the disease along with standard treatment. Results. During bacteriophage therapy, on the 6th day of treatment, an increased sIgA level up to 97.2% was observed particularly in younger and adolescent patients up to 97.2% (p0.05). At the same time, this parameter reached 75.8% and 81.6%, respectively (p0.05), in patients who received only standard treatment. The following difference between the two study groups was observed: between patients in the younger age subgroup - 21.4%, in the older age subgroup -16.1% (p0.05 relative to control group), which indicates a more effective drug-related effect in patients from the younger age group groups. Similar changes are observed while analyzing level of the pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-). Conclusion. The use of inhaled bacteriophage therapy in the combination treatment of children with acute tonsillitis helps to shorten the period of general and local clinical manifestations of the disease by 1.4-fold and improve mean local immunity from 5.7% up to 16.1% (p0.05).
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF INHALED BACTERIOPHAGE THERAPY ON ORAL MUCOSAL IMMUNITY IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE TONSILLITIS","authors":"S. Turdieva, D. Ganieva, Gulmira Nasirova Ramziddinovna","doi":"10.15789/2220-7619-ioi-2081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-ioi-2081","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to assess the effect of inhaled bacteriophage therapy on oral mucosal immunity in children with acute tonsillitis. Materials and methods. We examined 212 patients aged 4 to 15 years old with acute tonsillitis and 110 age-matched apparently healthy children. Research methods: calculating the Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), saliva diagnostics - secretory immunoglobulin (sIgA) and the pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-). Taking into account the scheme of the treatment, the patients were divided into mutually comparable groups: the first group included patients with acute tonsillitis who received the standard generally accepted treatment depending on the clinical form of the pathology, without using bacteriophage therapy - n=107 (50.5%), the second group - patients receiving a course of bacteriophage therapy - n=105 (49.95%), nebulizer bacteriophage therapy using liquid complex pyobacteriophage (PCL, produced by Microgen, Russia) from the first days of the disease along with standard treatment. Results. During bacteriophage therapy, on the 6th day of treatment, an increased sIgA level up to 97.2% was observed particularly in younger and adolescent patients up to 97.2% (p0.05). At the same time, this parameter reached 75.8% and 81.6%, respectively (p0.05), in patients who received only standard treatment. The following difference between the two study groups was observed: between patients in the younger age subgroup - 21.4%, in the older age subgroup -16.1% (p0.05 relative to control group), which indicates a more effective drug-related effect in patients from the younger age group groups. Similar changes are observed while analyzing level of the pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-). Conclusion. The use of inhaled bacteriophage therapy in the combination treatment of children with acute tonsillitis helps to shorten the period of general and local clinical manifestations of the disease by 1.4-fold and improve mean local immunity from 5.7% up to 16.1% (p0.05).","PeriodicalId":21412,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139315218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-17DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-eoh-14440
A. Y. Popova, V. S. Smirnov, S. Egorova, Alexander Alexandrovich Tarasenko, A. M. Dashkevich, A. M. Milichkina, A. L. Skuranovich, I. V. Drozd, E. Zueva, E. Samoilovich, V. A. Ivanov, E. Ramsay, A. V. Gubanova, V. G. Drobyshevskaya, O. B. Zhimbaeva, Olga Aleksandrovna Petrova, A. Razumovskaya, I. A. Karaban, Tamara Vasilievna Amvrosyeva, N. P. Shmeleva, Lyudmila Vladimirovna Rubanik, A. Dronina, A. A. Totolian, I. Glinskaya
Background. The course of the COVID-19 epidemic process depends on population immunity which prevents pathogen spread. Aim: to study an evolution of SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity in the Belarusian population relative to COVID-19 pandemic dynamics. Materials and methods. The work was carried out according to a methodology for assessing herd immunity developed by Rospotrebnadzor (Russia) and the Belarusian Ministry of Health involving the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute (SPPI) by taking into account the WHO recommendations. The study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of Belarus and the SPPI Bioethics Committee. Participant selection was carried out by questionnaire using a cloud (internet server) service. To monitor herd immunity, a cohort of 4,661 subjects (involved at all stages of seromonitoring) was formed from the total volunteer group. Study subjects were randomized into groups based on age (1-17, 18-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70+ years), geographic region, and occupation. For the detection of antibodies (Abs) against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (Nc) and S glycoprotein receptor-binding domain (RBD), relevant assay systems were used according to the manufacturers instructions. A four-stage study was conducted according to a unified scheme. Results. At stage 1 (pandemic month 15), herd immunity was mainly accounted for by Nc+RBD+ Ab status alone. By stage 2 (4 months later), its specific proportion decreased by 1.2-fold, whereas percentage of subjects solely bearing RBD-specific Abs increased by 1.7-fold. At stages 3 and 4 (9 and 19 months after the onset) vs. stage 2, percentage of subjects with RBD+Nc‒ decreased by 3.5%; the proportion of persons with Nc+RBD‒ Abs increased by 1.5-fold. The most important contributor in herd immunity turned out to be due to population vaccination, with coverage reaching 70% by stage 4. Among vaccines, compared with whole-virion, inactivated BIBP-CorV vaccine the Sputnik V and Sputnik Light vector were used most often. Conclusion. The evolution of herd SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity included a series of changes in circulating Ab levels (Nc, RBD). The hybrid immunity formed helped to reduce the incidence of COVID-19 to sporadic level.
{"title":"EVOLUTION OF HERD SARS-COV-2 HUMORAL IMMUNITY IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS","authors":"A. Y. Popova, V. S. Smirnov, S. Egorova, Alexander Alexandrovich Tarasenko, A. M. Dashkevich, A. M. Milichkina, A. L. Skuranovich, I. V. Drozd, E. Zueva, E. Samoilovich, V. A. Ivanov, E. Ramsay, A. V. Gubanova, V. G. Drobyshevskaya, O. B. Zhimbaeva, Olga Aleksandrovna Petrova, A. Razumovskaya, I. A. Karaban, Tamara Vasilievna Amvrosyeva, N. P. Shmeleva, Lyudmila Vladimirovna Rubanik, A. Dronina, A. A. Totolian, I. Glinskaya","doi":"10.15789/2220-7619-eoh-14440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-eoh-14440","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The course of the COVID-19 epidemic process depends on population immunity which prevents pathogen spread. Aim: to study an evolution of SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity in the Belarusian population relative to COVID-19 pandemic dynamics. Materials and methods. The work was carried out according to a methodology for assessing herd immunity developed by Rospotrebnadzor (Russia) and the Belarusian Ministry of Health involving the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute (SPPI) by taking into account the WHO recommendations. The study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of Belarus and the SPPI Bioethics Committee. Participant selection was carried out by questionnaire using a cloud (internet server) service. To monitor herd immunity, a cohort of 4,661 subjects (involved at all stages of seromonitoring) was formed from the total volunteer group. Study subjects were randomized into groups based on age (1-17, 18-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70+ years), geographic region, and occupation. For the detection of antibodies (Abs) against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (Nc) and S glycoprotein receptor-binding domain (RBD), relevant assay systems were used according to the manufacturers instructions. A four-stage study was conducted according to a unified scheme. Results. At stage 1 (pandemic month 15), herd immunity was mainly accounted for by Nc+RBD+ Ab status alone. By stage 2 (4 months later), its specific proportion decreased by 1.2-fold, whereas percentage of subjects solely bearing RBD-specific Abs increased by 1.7-fold. At stages 3 and 4 (9 and 19 months after the onset) vs. stage 2, percentage of subjects with RBD+Nc‒ decreased by 3.5%; the proportion of persons with Nc+RBD‒ Abs increased by 1.5-fold. The most important contributor in herd immunity turned out to be due to population vaccination, with coverage reaching 70% by stage 4. Among vaccines, compared with whole-virion, inactivated BIBP-CorV vaccine the Sputnik V and Sputnik Light vector were used most often. Conclusion. The evolution of herd SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity included a series of changes in circulating Ab levels (Nc, RBD). The hybrid immunity formed helped to reduce the incidence of COVID-19 to sporadic level.","PeriodicalId":21412,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88679674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-17DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-dsa-15624
V. V. Kopat, Anastasia Andreevna Riabchenkova, E. Chirak, E. L. Chirak, Anna Igorevna Saenko, N. Kolmakov, I. Dukhovlinov, A. Simbirtsev, A. Totolian
Introduction. T-cell immune response is important in protecting the human body from many viral infections. It is known that it can provide viral clearance and complete recovery in patients with humoral immunodeficiency. In patients with COVID-19, the T-cell response is mainly directed to the structural S, M, N, E proteins of SARS-CoV-2, of which the nucleocapsid protein is the most conservative. To assess the immunity of patients against coronavirus infection and evaluate the effectiveness of vaccine candidates, it is necessary to develop an optimal diagnostic antigen used to assess the formation of a T-cell response against antigenic determinants of SARS-CoV-2. A diagnostic test to determine the specific susceptibility of an organism to SARS-CoV-2 infection should target conserved regions of SARS-CoV-2 global variants. The aim. To develop a structure of an antigen containing conservative and immunogenic sequences of structural proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, and obtaining a strain - Escherichia coli - a producer of a recombinant protein for subsequent use of the protein as an antigen for assessing T-cell antiviral immunity. Materials and methods. Developing of the antigen was performedin silico: TepiTool and NetMHCIIpan were used to predict and identify high affinity epitopes spanning SARS-CoV-2 E, M, N, S proteins and binding MHC II. Several variants of recombinant antigen proteins were constructed, from which one was selected based on its physicochemical properties: isoelectric point, hydrophobicity index and aliphatic index, and a 3D representation built using the I-TASSER. The sequence was synthesized and cloned into the pET24a(+) vector. The resulting plasmid pCorD_PS was transformed intoE. coliDH5, then into Rosetta (DE3). The strain-producer of the recombinantE. coliprotein CorD_PS was checked for the presence and stability of the expression of the antigen protein by IPTG induction, and the elimination of the plasmid encoding the synthesis of the recombinant coronavirus antigen was also evaluated. Results. As the result of the research an antigen has been developed that includes conserved regions of the S, M, N, E proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, to which a T-cell immune response can form. For a 53 kDa protein, stability in aqueous solutions and an isoelectric point of 9.56 are predicted, which will potentially simplify the process of protein purification fromE. colicells. Plasmid DNA pCorD_PS (6695 bp) encoding synthesized recombinant coronavirus antigen cloned into pET24a(+) vector was obtained. Conclusion. A stable, productive producing strain ofE. coliCorD_PS was obtained.The obtained strain-producer of the recombinantE. coliCorD_PS antigen is stable, which makes it possible to move on to the creation of an antigen purification technique and the subsequent development of a diagnostic test system.
{"title":"Development of a structure and strain-producer E. coli of an antigen containing sequences of N, S, M, E proteins of the SARS-COV-2 coronavirus","authors":"V. V. Kopat, Anastasia Andreevna Riabchenkova, E. Chirak, E. L. Chirak, Anna Igorevna Saenko, N. Kolmakov, I. Dukhovlinov, A. Simbirtsev, A. Totolian","doi":"10.15789/2220-7619-dsa-15624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-dsa-15624","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. T-cell immune response is important in protecting the human body from many viral infections. It is known that it can provide viral clearance and complete recovery in patients with humoral immunodeficiency. In patients with COVID-19, the T-cell response is mainly directed to the structural S, M, N, E proteins of SARS-CoV-2, of which the nucleocapsid protein is the most conservative. To assess the immunity of patients against coronavirus infection and evaluate the effectiveness of vaccine candidates, it is necessary to develop an optimal diagnostic antigen used to assess the formation of a T-cell response against antigenic determinants of SARS-CoV-2. A diagnostic test to determine the specific susceptibility of an organism to SARS-CoV-2 infection should target conserved regions of SARS-CoV-2 global variants. \u0000The aim. To develop a structure of an antigen containing conservative and immunogenic sequences of structural proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, and obtaining a strain - Escherichia coli - a producer of a recombinant protein for subsequent use of the protein as an antigen for assessing T-cell antiviral immunity. \u0000Materials and methods. Developing of the antigen was performedin silico: TepiTool and NetMHCIIpan were used to predict and identify high affinity epitopes spanning SARS-CoV-2 E, M, N, S proteins and binding MHC II. Several variants of recombinant antigen proteins were constructed, from which one was selected based on its physicochemical properties: isoelectric point, hydrophobicity index and aliphatic index, and a 3D representation built using the I-TASSER. The sequence was synthesized and cloned into the pET24a(+) vector. The resulting plasmid pCorD_PS was transformed intoE. coliDH5, then into Rosetta (DE3). The strain-producer of the recombinantE. coliprotein CorD_PS was checked for the presence and stability of the expression of the antigen protein by IPTG induction, and the elimination of the plasmid encoding the synthesis of the recombinant coronavirus antigen was also evaluated. \u0000Results. As the result of the research an antigen has been developed that includes conserved regions of the S, M, N, E proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, to which a T-cell immune response can form. For a 53 kDa protein, stability in aqueous solutions and an isoelectric point of 9.56 are predicted, which will potentially simplify the process of protein purification fromE. colicells. Plasmid DNA pCorD_PS (6695 bp) encoding synthesized recombinant coronavirus antigen cloned into pET24a(+) vector was obtained. \u0000Conclusion. A stable, productive producing strain ofE. coliCorD_PS was obtained.The obtained strain-producer of the recombinantE. coliCorD_PS antigen is stable, which makes it possible to move on to the creation of an antigen purification technique and the subsequent development of a diagnostic test system.","PeriodicalId":21412,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73161653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-17DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-pot-13777
Guzel Isaeva, V. B. Sboychakov, Boris Yurievich Gumilevsky
Summary: The article is prepared for the 100th anniversary of the Department of Microbiology of the Military Medical Academy and the 100th anniversary of the assignment of the Pasteur name to the St. Petersburg Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology.The article describes the period of formation of the Kazan and St. Petersburg microbiological schools at the end of the IXX- beginning of the XX century, development in 20-30 years and during the Great Patriotic War. The article is devoted to the history of interaction between two microbiological schools Kazan and St. Petersburg (Leningrad) from the beginning of the XX century to the present day. It presents historical milestones in the development of the Departments of Microbiology of Kazan State Medical University, the Military Medical Academy, scientific departments of the Kazan Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology and the St. Petersburg Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, highlights aspects of the joint formation and development of the Kazan and St. Petersburg School of Microbiology, provides brief biographical data of the department staff microbiology, whose activities were related to work in these institutions. Biographical information, personal characteristics, the main directions of scientific and practical activities of famous microbiologists who worked in different periods of their lives in St. Petersburg (Leningrad) and Kazan (V.M. Aristovsky, R.R. Geltzer, P.N. Kashkin, I.I. Pryakhin, A.R. Konova, A.G. Grigorieva-Berenstein) are presented. The issues of joint research of Leningrad and Kazan scientists in the development and improvement of methods of industrial production of antibiotics, therapeutic and prophylactic serums, bacteriophages during the Great Patriotic War are covered in detail. The article was prepared using primary sources: publications, memoirs of employees of the Department of Microbiology of KSMU, VMA, KNIEM, St. Petersburg NIIEM named after Pasteur, documents from the archives of personnel departments, as well as the National Archive of the Republic of Tatarstan, archival materials of the Departments of Microbiology of KSMU and VMA. The main scientific achievements of representatives of the Kazan and St. Petersburg Schools of Microbiology, their scientific contribution to the development of microbiology are described. The conclusion notes the need to preserve the historical memory of the contribution of Russian scientists to the development of microbiology.
{"title":"Pages of the general history of microbiological schools of Kazan and Saint Petersburg","authors":"Guzel Isaeva, V. B. Sboychakov, Boris Yurievich Gumilevsky","doi":"10.15789/2220-7619-pot-13777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-pot-13777","url":null,"abstract":"Summary: The article is prepared for the 100th anniversary of the Department of Microbiology of the Military Medical Academy and the 100th anniversary of the assignment of the Pasteur name to the St. Petersburg Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology.The article describes the period of formation of the Kazan and St. Petersburg microbiological schools at the end of the IXX- beginning of the XX century, development in 20-30 years and during the Great Patriotic War. \u0000The article is devoted to the history of interaction between two microbiological schools Kazan and St. Petersburg (Leningrad) from the beginning of the XX century to the present day. It presents historical milestones in the development of the Departments of Microbiology of Kazan State Medical University, the Military Medical Academy, scientific departments of the Kazan Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology and the St. Petersburg Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, highlights aspects of the joint formation and development of the Kazan and St. Petersburg School of Microbiology, provides brief biographical data of the department staff microbiology, whose activities were related to work in these institutions. Biographical information, personal characteristics, the main directions of scientific and practical activities of famous microbiologists who worked in different periods of their lives in St. Petersburg (Leningrad) and Kazan (V.M. Aristovsky, R.R. Geltzer, P.N. Kashkin, I.I. Pryakhin, A.R. Konova, A.G. Grigorieva-Berenstein) are presented. The issues of joint research of Leningrad and Kazan scientists in the development and improvement of methods of industrial production of antibiotics, therapeutic and prophylactic serums, bacteriophages during the Great Patriotic War are covered in detail. \u0000The article was prepared using primary sources: publications, memoirs of employees of the Department of Microbiology of KSMU, VMA, KNIEM, St. Petersburg NIIEM named after Pasteur, documents from the archives of personnel departments, as well as the National Archive of the Republic of Tatarstan, archival materials of the Departments of Microbiology of KSMU and VMA. The main scientific achievements of representatives of the Kazan and St. Petersburg Schools of Microbiology, their scientific contribution to the development of microbiology are described. The conclusion notes the need to preserve the historical memory of the contribution of Russian scientists to the development of microbiology.","PeriodicalId":21412,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87620235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-14DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-tta-15394
N. Belyakov, S. Ogurtsova, V. Rassokhin, D. Lioznov, E. Yastrebova, E. Boeva, A. Totolyan
The organization of the North-Western District Center for AIDS Prevention and Control (AIDS Center) originates from the onset of the HIV epidemic in the Russian Federation. Over the 35 years of work, the staff of the AIDS Center has made an invaluable contribution to the development of HIV diagnostics, the introduction of new clinical and preventive technologies, patient counseling, and training of qualified personnel. The anniversary article highlights the main stages regarding establishment of the AIDS Center as a structural unit of the St. Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute. The versatile naturally multidisciplinary functions and tasks related to the AIDS Center organization, its major Russia-wide and global achievements are considered. Special attention is paid to the long-term international cooperation, the results of diverse implemented programs and projects supported by the World Health Organization (WHO) as well as the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. The AIDS Center continues to cooperate with the main scientific facilities such as the Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Institute of Experimental Medicine, N.P. Bekhtereva Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, etc. The ongoing joint research invariably contributes to assessing the epidemiology and clinical course of various viral infections and comorbid conditions. The knowledge acquired becomes regularly summarized and published in a series of monographs, journal articles being presented demonstrated at conferences of various levels. Currently, the AIDS Center is represented by several structural divisions continuing to conduct practical and scientific activities on investigating HIV and viral hepatitis.
{"title":"THE 35TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE NORTH-WESTERN DISTRICT CENTER FOR AIDS PREVENTION AND CONTROL AT THE ST. PETERSBURG PASTEUR INSTITUTE","authors":"N. Belyakov, S. Ogurtsova, V. Rassokhin, D. Lioznov, E. Yastrebova, E. Boeva, A. Totolyan","doi":"10.15789/2220-7619-tta-15394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-tta-15394","url":null,"abstract":"The organization of the North-Western District Center for AIDS Prevention and Control (AIDS Center) originates from the onset of the HIV epidemic in the Russian Federation. Over the 35 years of work, the staff of the AIDS Center has made an invaluable contribution to the development of HIV diagnostics, the introduction of new clinical and preventive technologies, patient counseling, and training of qualified personnel. \u0000The anniversary article highlights the main stages regarding establishment of the AIDS Center as a structural unit of the St. Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute. The versatile naturally multidisciplinary functions and tasks related to the AIDS Center organization, its major Russia-wide and global achievements are considered. Special attention is paid to the long-term international cooperation, the results of diverse implemented programs and projects supported by the World Health Organization (WHO) as well as the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. \u0000The AIDS Center continues to cooperate with the main scientific facilities such as the Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Institute of Experimental Medicine, N.P. Bekhtereva Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, etc. The ongoing joint research invariably contributes to assessing the epidemiology and clinical course of various viral infections and comorbid conditions. The knowledge acquired becomes regularly summarized and published in a series of monographs, journal articles being presented demonstrated at conferences of various levels. Currently, the AIDS Center is represented by several structural divisions continuing to conduct practical and scientific activities on investigating HIV and viral hepatitis.","PeriodicalId":21412,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78507467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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