Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports最新文献

Validity of Four Consumer‐Grade Optical Heart Rate Sensors for Assessing Volume and Intensity Distribution of Physical Activity 四种消费级光学心率传感器在评估体育活动量和强度分布方面的有效性

IF 4.1 2区医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14756

Michael Neudorfer, Devender Kumar, Jan David Smeddinck, Stefan Tino Kulnik, Josef Niebauer, Gunnar Treff, Mahdi Sareban

Consumer‐grade optical heart rate (HR) sensors emerged as promising tools to monitor volume and intensity of physical activity (PA). However, no validation study of optical HR sensors included recent comprehensive validation recommendations, required for facilitating usage for medical purposes. Validity of HR data measured with four consumer‐grade optical sensors, the wrist‐worn Garmin Venu 2S and Polar Vantage M2, and the upper arm‐worn Polar Verity Sense and Scosche Rhythm24 were assessed in 32 participants over 24 h including various laboratory‐based and free‐living activities. Furthermore, validity of time at moderate or vigorous PA intensity zones was analyzed. A medical‐grade ECG served as a reference. Reliability was assessed by analyzing data of laboratory‐based activities during two visits. Across activities, the mean absolute percentage error ranged from 2.2% to 4.7% and intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.91 to 0.98, indicating high validity for all optical sensors. All sensors validly detected time spent at moderate or vigorous intensities (mean error < 10%), except Polar M2 for moderate PA (mean error 12.8%) and Garmin V2 for vigorous PA (mean error −15.9%). Sensor day‐to‐day reliability was high, indicated by a mean absolute error of < 5 beats/min. Upper arm‐worn sensors consistently outperformed wrist‐worn sensors, particularly in activities involving increased arm movement and at higher intensities. Our findings identified an overall high validity of these four consumer‐grade optical HR sensors, also for assessing time spent at higher PA intensities. However, differences were observed between sensors regarding activity subtypes and intensity levels. These data support informed decisions when selecting optical sensors for PA monitoring and intervention.Trial Registration: The study was performed in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki and its current amendments and was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ID NCT05525000).

消费级光学心率（HR）传感器是监测运动量和运动强度（PA）的理想工具。然而，最近还没有一项关于光学心率传感器的验证研究包括全面的验证建议，而这是将其用于医疗目的所必需的。我们对四种消费级光学传感器（腕戴式 Garmin Venu 2S 和 Polar Vantage M2，以及上臂佩戴式 Polar Verity Sense 和 Scosche Rhythm24）测量的心率数据的有效性进行了评估，32 名参与者在 24 小时内进行了各种实验室活动和自由活动。此外，还分析了中度或剧烈运动强度区时间的有效性。医疗级心电图作为参考。通过分析两次访问中实验室活动的数据，对可靠性进行了评估。在所有活动中，平均绝对百分比误差介于 2.2% 到 4.7% 之间，类内相关系数介于 0.91 到 0.98 之间，表明所有光学传感器的有效性都很高。除 Polar M2 用于中度运动强度（平均误差为 12.8%）和 Garmin V2 用于剧烈运动强度（平均误差为 -15.9%）外，所有传感器都能有效检测出中等强度或剧烈强度的运动时间（平均误差为 10%）。传感器的日常可靠性很高，平均绝对误差为< 5次/分钟。上臂佩戴式传感器的性能始终优于手腕佩戴式传感器，尤其是在涉及手臂运动增加和强度较高的活动中。我们的研究结果表明，这四种消费级光学心率传感器的总体有效性很高，在评估较高运动强度下所花费的时间时也是如此。不过，在活动子类型和强度水平方面，不同传感器之间存在差异。这些数据有助于在选择用于运动强度监测和干预的光学传感器时做出明智的决定：该研究符合《赫尔辛基宣言》及其现行修正案的规定，并在 ClinicalTrials.gov 进行了前瞻性注册（ID NCT05525000）。

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引用次数: 0

Association of Objectively Measured Sedentary Behavior With Arterial Stiffness: Findings From the Nijmegen Exercise Study. 客观测量的久坐行为与动脉僵化的关系：奈梅亨运动研究的发现

IF 3.5 2区医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14757

Koen M van der Sluijs, Esmée A Bakker, Thijs P Kerstens, Niels A Stens, Iris A de Koning, Jos Thannhauser, Afrah E F Malik, Koen D Reesink, P M Nabeel, Kiran V Raj, Jayaraj Joseph, Thijs M H Eijsvogels, Dick H J Thijssen

Sedentary behavior (SB) may affect arterial stiffness, preceding the development of cardiovascular disease. We investigated the association of objectively measured SB with arterial stiffness. We also investigated factors that affected this association. We recruited adult volunteers and measured SB with thigh-worn accelerometery for 24 hrs/day for eight consecutive days. Central (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, cfPWV, gold standard) and local carotid arterial stiffness (stiffness index Beta and pressure-strain elasticity E_P) were measured with ultrasound. Linear regression was used and adjusted for demographics, cardiometabolic factors, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) volume. Effect modification was studied with interaction terms. Participants (N = 664, 64 (standard deviation: 11, range: 23-89) years, 397 (59.8%) male) demonstrated 9.1 (1.6) hrs/day of SB, and arterial stiffness was 8.6 (3.0) m/s for cfPWV, 6.4 (2.9) for Beta, and 87 (43) kPa for E_P. SB was not associated with cfPWV (β = 0.04 95% CI (-0.11, 0.18), p = 0.60). The association of SB with local arterial stiffness was modified by systolic blood pressure (SBP) and MVPA volume. Stratified analyses revealed positive associations of SB with Beta (β = 0.29 (0.05, 0.53), p = 0.016) and E_P (β = 4.83 (1.39, 8.27), p = 0.006) in participants with SBP > 134 mmHg or > 103 min/day of MVPA (β = 0.23 (0.03, 0.42), p = 0.024 and β = 3.55 (0.82, 6.29), p = 0.011, respectively). We found no association of objectively measured SB with central arterial stiffness. However, SB was positively associated with local carotid stiffness in participants with higher SBP or MVPA levels. In certain subgroups, SB may affect carotid arterial stiffening, reinforcing the relation between SB and cardiovascular disease.

久坐行为（SB）可能会影响动脉僵化，从而诱发心血管疾病。我们研究了客观测量的久坐行为与动脉僵化之间的关系。我们还调查了影响这种关联的因素。我们招募了成年志愿者，连续八天每天 24 小时使用大腿佩戴式加速度计测量 SB。中心（颈动脉-股动脉脉搏波速度，cfPWV，金标准）和局部颈动脉僵硬度（僵硬度指数 Beta 和压力-应变弹性 EP）通过超声波进行测量。采用线性回归法，并对人口统计学、心脏代谢因素和中到剧烈运动（MVPA）量进行了调整。通过交互项研究了效应修正。参与者（N = 664，64（标准差：11，范围：23-89）岁，397（59.8%）名男性）每天进行 9.1 (1.6) 小时的 SB，cfPWV 的动脉僵化率为 8.6 (3.0) m/s，Beta 为 6.4 (2.9)，EP 为 87 (43) kPa。SB 与 cfPWV 无关（β = 0.04 95% CI (-0.11, 0.18)，p = 0.60）。收缩压（SBP）和 MVPA 量改变了 SB 与局部动脉僵化的关系。分层分析显示，在 SBP > 134 mmHg 或 MVPA > 103 分钟/天的参与者中，SB 与 Beta（β = 0.29 (0.05, 0.53)，p = 0.016）和 EP（β = 4.83 (1.39, 8.27)，p = 0.006）呈正相关（分别为 β = 0.23 (0.03, 0.42), p = 0.024 和 β = 3.55 (0.82, 6.29)，p = 0.011）。我们没有发现客观测量的 SB 与中心动脉僵化有任何关联。然而，在 SBP 或 MVPA 水平较高的参与者中，SB 与局部颈动脉僵化呈正相关。在某些亚组中，SB 可能会影响颈动脉僵化，从而加强了 SB 与心血管疾病之间的关系。

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引用次数: 0

High Incidence of Injuries Among Adolescent Elite Skiers-A 5-Year Cohort Study. 青少年滑雪精英的高受伤率--一项为期 5 年的队列研究。

IF 3.5 2区医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14752

Ida Lindman, Adad Baranto, Cecilia Agnvall, Josefin Abrahamson

Competitive skiing has gained increasing popularity among adolescent, yet it comes with injury risks. The aim was to determine injury incidence, type and time of injury, localization, and diagnosis, among adolescent competitive skiers (alpine, cross-country, ski-cross, mogul), and to compare between skiing discipline, sex, and high school year. All students (n = 190) enrolled in a ski high school from August 2013 to June 2018 were included. All injuries during the study period were prospectively registered by the physiotherapist at the high school. Demographic and injury data were registered. Absolute injury incidence (injuries/100 skiers) was calculated. In total, 166 (87%) skiers reported 502 injuries, which corresponds to an absolute injury incidence of 264.2 injuries/100 skiers during the 5-year follow-up. A higher injury incidence was shown in school year 1 compared with year 2-4 (131.3 vs. 79.5-98.4; p < 0.05). No differences in injury incidence were found between sex or skiing discipline. Females were more prone of having a gradual-onset injury compared with males (179.3 vs. 96.3; p < 0.001). Mogul skiers had higher incidence of acute injuries compared with the other disciplines (220.0 vs. 71.4-160.0; p < 0.001). The knee was the most common localization across all skiing disciplines, except for cross-country (lower leg). Low back pain was the predominant diagnosis, except in ski-cross (concussion). Skiers attending specialized ski high schools exhibited a significantly high injury incidence, with first-year students being the most susceptible to injuries, across all skiing disciplines and both sexes. While the knee was the most common injury location, concussion was remarkably frequent, particularly among ski-cross skiers.

竞技滑雪在青少年中越来越受欢迎，但也有受伤的风险。研究旨在确定青少年竞技滑雪者（高山滑雪、越野滑雪、越野滑雪、木板滑雪）的受伤发生率、受伤类型和时间、定位和诊断，并对滑雪学科、性别和高中年级进行比较。研究对象包括 2013 年 8 月至 2018 年 6 月就读于滑雪高中的所有学生（n = 190）。高中理疗师对研究期间的所有受伤情况进行了前瞻性登记。登记了人口统计学和受伤数据。计算了绝对受伤发生率（受伤人数/100 名滑雪者）。在 5 年的跟踪调查中，共有 166 名（87%）滑雪者报告了 502 次受伤，这相当于每 100 名滑雪者有 264.2 次受伤。与第二至第四学年相比，第一学年的受伤率更高（131.3 vs. 79.5-98.4; p

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引用次数: 0

Reply to Williams et al.: Fair and Safe Eligibility Criteria for Women's Sport. 对 Williams 等人的答复：公平、安全的女子运动资格标准。

IF 3.5 2区医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14754

Ross Tucker, Emma N Hilton, Kerry McGawley, Noel Pollock, Grégoire P Millet, Øyvind Sandbakk, Glyn Howatson, Gregory A Brown, Lara A Carlson, Mark A Chen, Neil Heron, Christopher Kirk, Marie H Murphy, Jamie Pringle, Andrew Richardson, Jordan Santos-Concejero, Ask Vest Christiansen, Carwyn Jones, Juan-Manuel Alonso, Rebecca Robinson, Nigel Jones, Mathew Wilson, Michael G Parker, Arabah Chintoh, Sandra Hunter, Jonathon W Senefeld, Mary I O'Connor, Michael Joyner, Eva M Carneiro, Cathy Devine, Jon Pike, Tommy R Lundberg

引用次数: 0

Is Warm-Up Preservation Modulated by Biological Maturation and Sex? Effects on Lower Limbs Performance. 热身保存是否受生物成熟度和性别的调节？对下肢表现的影响

IF 4.1 2区医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14747

Francisco Cuenca-Fernández,Jesús J Ruiz-Navarro,Raúl Arellano,Đurović Marko,Nikola Stojanović

Children and adults may react differently to warm-up preservation due to different physical characteristics. This study aimed to: (i) assess the impact of different rewarm-up routines in swimmers during a transition phase (20-25 min), including passive rest (SWU) or dynamic activities (RWU), on countermovement jump and swimming start performances, and (ii) explore potential RWU adaptations considering maturity offset (peak height velocity-PHV) and sex. Performance was analyzed using mixed effect ANCOVA, considering protocol, maturity offset (pre-PHV, mid-PHV, post-PHV, and adv. post-PHV), and sex. Results favored RWU over SWU with substantial magnitudes for jump height: pre-PHV (min-20, ES = 1.21; min-25, ES = 1.65), mid-PHV (min-20, ES = 1.23; min-25, ES = 1.14), post-PHV (min-20, ES = 1.37; min-25, ES = 0.73), and adv. post-PHV (min-20, ES = 1.03; min-25, ES = 0.65). Significant interactions at 25 min (p = 0.033, 0.047) showed that RWU outperformed SWU, especially in younger groups (pre-PHV, mid-PHV). RWU was superior to SWU for the reactive strength index at 20 min (p = 0.042) and 25 min (p = 0.047), with females having lower RSI than males at 20 min (p = 0.008, p = 0.015) and 25 min (p = 0.049) in later developmental stages. The flight distance (p = 0.009) and horizontal hip velocity (p = 0.014) revealed significant three-way interactions, with the male adv. post-PHV group responding better to RWU. Knee angular velocity was also higher after RWU, with male adv. post-PHV group showing more pronounced improvements (p = 0.016). These results suggest that though RWU had higher influence in male adults, it is a valuable approach for varying ages athletes.

由于身体特征不同，儿童和成人对热身保暖的反应也可能不同。本研究旨在(i) 评估游泳运动员在过渡阶段（20-25 分钟）的不同热身程序（包括被动休息（SWU）或动态活动（RWU））对反向起跳和游泳起跑成绩的影响，以及 (ii) 考虑成熟度偏移（身高峰值速度-PHV）和性别，探索潜在的 RWU 适应性。采用混合效应方差分析对成绩进行了分析，其中考虑到了方案、成熟偏移（前身高峰值速度、中身高峰值速度、后身高峰值速度和前身高峰值速度）和性别。结果表明，RWU 比 SWU 更受青睐，在跳跃高度方面，RWU 比 SWU 有更大的优势：PHV 前（min-20，ES = 1.21；min-25，ES = 1.65），PHV 中（min-20，ES = 1.23；min-25，ES = 1.14），PHV 后（min-20，ES = 1.37；min-25，ES = 0.73），PHV 后（min-20，ES = 1.03；min-25，ES = 0.65）。25 分钟时的显著交互作用（p = 0.033，0.047）表明，RWU 优于 SWU，尤其是在年轻组（PHV 前、PHV 中期）。在20分钟（p = 0.042）和25分钟（p = 0.047）时，RWU的反应强度指数优于SWU，在发育后期，女性在20分钟（p = 0.008，p = 0.015）和25分钟（p = 0.049）时的反应强度指数低于男性。飞行距离（p = 0.009）和水平髋关节速度（p = 0.014）显示出显著的三方交互作用，雄性前进后PHV组对RWU的反应更好。膝关节角速度在 RWU 后也有所提高，PHV 后男性先遣队组的改善更为明显（p = 0.016）。这些结果表明，虽然 RWU 对成年男性的影响更大，但它对不同年龄段的运动员都是一种有价值的方法。

{"title":"Is Warm-Up Preservation Modulated by Biological Maturation and Sex? Effects on Lower Limbs Performance.","authors":"Francisco Cuenca-Fernández,Jesús J Ruiz-Navarro,Raúl Arellano,Đurović Marko,Nikola Stojanović","doi":"10.1111/sms.14747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14747","url":null,"abstract":"Children and adults may react differently to warm-up preservation due to different physical characteristics. This study aimed to: (i) assess the impact of different rewarm-up routines in swimmers during a transition phase (20-25 min), including passive rest (SWU) or dynamic activities (RWU), on countermovement jump and swimming start performances, and (ii) explore potential RWU adaptations considering maturity offset (peak height velocity-PHV) and sex. Performance was analyzed using mixed effect ANCOVA, considering protocol, maturity offset (pre-PHV, mid-PHV, post-PHV, and adv. post-PHV), and sex. Results favored RWU over SWU with substantial magnitudes for jump height: pre-PHV (min-20, ES = 1.21; min-25, ES = 1.65), mid-PHV (min-20, ES = 1.23; min-25, ES = 1.14), post-PHV (min-20, ES = 1.37; min-25, ES = 0.73), and adv. post-PHV (min-20, ES = 1.03; min-25, ES = 0.65). Significant interactions at 25 min (p = 0.033, 0.047) showed that RWU outperformed SWU, especially in younger groups (pre-PHV, mid-PHV). RWU was superior to SWU for the reactive strength index at 20 min (p = 0.042) and 25 min (p = 0.047), with females having lower RSI than males at 20 min (p = 0.008, p = 0.015) and 25 min (p = 0.049) in later developmental stages. The flight distance (p = 0.009) and horizontal hip velocity (p = 0.014) revealed significant three-way interactions, with the male adv. post-PHV group responding better to RWU. Knee angular velocity was also higher after RWU, with male adv. post-PHV group showing more pronounced improvements (p = 0.016). These results suggest that though RWU had higher influence in male adults, it is a valuable approach for varying ages athletes.","PeriodicalId":21466,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142489337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fair and Safe Eligibility Criteria for Women's Sport: The Proposed Testing Regime Is Not Justified, Ethical, or Viable. 公平、安全的女子运动资格标准：拟议的测试制度不合理、不道德、不可行。

IF 3.5 2区医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14753

Alun G Williams, Shane M Heffernan, Adam J Herbert, Blair R Hamilton, Francisco J Sánchez, Sasha Gollish, Adam Rutherford, Hugh E Montgomery, Mike McNamee, Silvia Camporesi, Jonathan Ospina-Betancurt, Niall Fife, Luke Cox, Richard I G Holt, Yannis P Pitsiladis, Fernanda R Malinsky, Fergus Guppy, Madeleine Pape, Eric Vilain, Roger Pielke, N Tim Cable, Sarah Chantler, Stuart M Phillips, Georgina K Stebbings

引用次数: 0

Inter‐Individual Variability in Muscle Fiber–Type Distribution Affects Running Economy but Not Running Gait at Submaximal Running Speeds 肌肉纤维类型分布的个体间差异影响跑步经济性，但不影响亚极限速度下的跑步步态

IF 4.1 2区医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports

Pub Date : 2024-10-27 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14748

Wannes Swinnen, Eline Lievens, Wouter Hoogkamer, Friedl De Groote, Wim Derave, Benedicte Vanwanseele

Running economy is an important determinant of endurance running performance, yet insights into characteristics contributing to its inter‐individual variability remain limited. Although slow‐twitch muscle fibers are more energy‐efficient than fast‐twitch fibers during the (near‐)isometric contractions common during submaximal running, current literature lacks a consensus on whether a relationship between muscle fiber–type distribution and running economy exists. This study aims to resolve the ongoing debate by addressing potential confounding factors often overlooked in prior research, such as the effect of different running speeds, the homogeneity of investigated groups, and the potential impact of the adopted running gait. We selected two groups with predetermined distinct muscle fiber–type distribution in their triceps surae muscle by measurement of carnosine via 1H‐MRS, one predominantly slow (ST; n = 11; carnosine z‐score = −1.31) and the other predominantly fast (FT; n = 10; z‐score = 0.83). Across a range of running speeds (2–4 m/s), we measured running economy (W/kg) through indirect calorimetry, along with running kinematics, kinetics and muscle activity of the lower limb. The ST‐group exhibited, on average, 7.8% better running economy than the FT‐group (p = 0.01) and this difference was consistent across speeds. Both groups demonstrated almost identical kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activity patterns across submaximal running speeds. Overall, our findings indicate that distinct muscle fiber–type distribution explains some of the observed variability in running economy, for which a predominance of energy‐efficient slow‐twitch fibers appear beneficial. In contrast, muscle fiber–type distribution does not affect running gait substantially.

跑步经济性是耐力跑成绩的一个重要决定因素，但对导致其个体间差异的特征的了解仍然有限。虽然在亚极限跑步过程中常见的（近）等长收缩过程中，慢速肌纤维比快速肌纤维更节能，但目前的文献对肌肉纤维类型分布与跑步经济性之间是否存在关系缺乏共识。本研究旨在通过解决以往研究中经常忽略的潜在干扰因素，如不同跑步速度的影响、研究组的同质性以及所采用的跑步步态的潜在影响，来解决当前的争论。通过 1H-MRS 测量肌肽，我们选取了两组肱三头肌中预先确定了不同肌纤维类型分布的人，一组以慢速跑为主（ST；n = 11；肌肽 z 评分 = -1.31），另一组以快速跑为主（FT；n = 10；z 评分 = 0.83）。在跑步速度（2-4 米/秒）范围内，我们通过间接热量计测量了跑步经济性（瓦/千克），以及跑步运动学、动力学和下肢肌肉活动。ST 组的跑步经济性比 FT 组平均高出 7.8%（p = 0.01），而且这种差异在不同速度下是一致的。两组在亚极速跑步时的运动学、动力学和肌肉活动模式几乎相同。总之，我们的研究结果表明，不同的肌肉纤维类型分布在一定程度上解释了所观察到的跑步经济性的变化，其中以能量效率高的慢速肌纤维为主似乎是有益的。相比之下，肌肉纤维类型分布并不会对跑步步态产生实质性影响。

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引用次数: 0

The Effect of Blood Flow Restriction Exercise Prior to Total Knee Arthroplasty on Postoperative Physical Function, Lower Limb Strength and Patient‐Reported Outcomes: A Randomized Controlled Trial 全膝关节置换术前血流限制运动对术后身体功能、下肢力量和患者报告结果的影响：随机对照试验

IF 4.1 2区医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports

Pub Date : 2024-10-27 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14750

Stian Langgård Jørgensen, Per Aagaard, Marie Bagger Bohn, Peter Hansen, Per Møller Hansen, Carsten Holm, Louise Mortensen, Mette Garval, Lisa Urup Tønning, Inger Mechlenburg

The trial aimed to examine the effect of eight weeks preoperative low‐load blood flow restricted resistance training (BFR‐RT) on physical function, lower limb strength, and patient‐reported outcomes in knee OA patients 3 and 12 months after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) compared with preoperative usual care. An assessor blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted. Eighty‐six patients scheduled for TKA who were allocated to 8 weeks BFR‐RT on the affected leg 3x/week or preoperative usual care involving no exercise (CON). Primary outcome: 30‐s sit to stand (30STS). Secondary outcomes: Timed Up&Go, 40‐m walk test (40mWT), knee range of motion (ROM) 1‐repetition maximum (1RM) leg press and knee extensor strength, maximal isometric contraction (MVIC) for the knee extensors and flexors, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and Euroqol 5‐dimensions (EQ‐5D‐L5) questionnaire. Data were collected at baseline (12 weeks pre‐surgery), ~3 days pre‐surgery, 3 and 12 months postoperatively. Intention‐to‐treat analysis revealed no significant between‐group differences in the change from baseline to 3 and 12 months postoperatively on 30STS, TUG, or 40mFWT. Significant between‐group differences were observed at 3 but not 12 months postoperatively for the corresponding changes in 1RM leg press strength, 1RM knee extensor strength, and MVIC knee extensor favoring BFR‐RT. No between‐group differences were observed for the delta changes from baseline in knee ROM, KOOS subscales or EQ‐5D‐L5 at any postoperative time points. These findings suggest that preoperative BFR‐RT offered no superior effects compared with usual preoperative care on postoperative physical function or patient‐reported outcomes. Preoperative BFR‐RT produced amplified gains in lower limb muscle strength at 3 months postoperatively.Trial Registration: NCT04081493

该试验旨在研究与术前常规护理相比，术前八周低负荷血流限制阻力训练（BFR-RT）对全膝关节置换术（TKA）后 3 个月和 12 个月膝关节 OA 患者的身体功能、下肢力量和患者报告结果的影响。该研究进行了一项评估者盲法随机对照试验（RCT）。86名计划接受全膝关节置换术（TKA）的患者被分配接受为期8周的患肢BFR-RT锻炼，每周3次；或接受术前常规护理，不做任何锻炼（CON）。主要结果：从坐到站 30 秒（30STS）。次要结果：定时起立、40 米步行测试 (40mWT)、膝关节活动范围 (ROM)、1 次重复最大值 (1RM) 压腿和膝关节伸肌力量、膝关节伸肌和屈肌最大等长收缩 (MVIC)、膝关节损伤和骨关节炎结果评分 (KOOS)，以及 Euroqol 5 维 (EQ-5D-L5) 问卷调查。数据收集时间为基线（术前 12 周）、术前 3 天、术后 3 个月和 12 个月。意向治疗分析显示，从基线到术后 3 个月和 12 个月，30STS、TUG 或 40mFWT 的变化在组间无显著差异。在术后 3 个月，1RM 压腿力量、1RM 膝关节伸展力量和偏向 BFR-RT 的 MVIC 膝关节伸展力量的相应变化方面，观察到显著的组间差异，但术后 12 个月的差异不明显。在术后任何时间点，膝关节ROM、KOOS分量表或EQ-5D-L5与基线相比的delta变化均未观察到组间差异。这些研究结果表明，与常规术前护理相比，术前 BFR-RT 对术后身体功能或患者报告结果的影响并不明显。术前 BFR-RT 可在术后 3 个月扩大下肢肌力的增长：试验注册：NCT04081493

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引用次数: 0

Fitness, Gray Matter Volume, and Executive Function in Cognitively Normal Older Adults: Cross‐Sectional Findings From the AGUEDA Trial 认知正常老年人的体能、灰质体积和执行功能：AGUEDA 试验的横断面研究结果

IF 4.1 2区医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14746

Andrea Coca‐Pulido, Patricio Solis‐Urra, Beatriz Fernandez‐Gamez, Marcos Olvera‐Rojas, Darío Bellón, Alessandro Sclafani, Angel Toval, Isabel Martín‐Fuentes, Esmée A. Bakker, Javier Fernández‐Ortega, Manuel Gomez‐Rio, Charles H. Hillman, Kirk I. Erickson, Francisco B. Ortega, Jose Mora‐Gonzalez, Irene Esteban‐Cornejo

The aim of the study is to investigate the association of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular strength indicators with gray matter volume (GMV) and to study whether fitness‐related regions of GMV are associated to executive function (EF) in cognitively normal older adults. Ninety‐one cognitively normal older adults (71.69 ± 3.91 years; 57.14% females) participated in this study from the AGUEDA trial. CRF was measured by a 2‐km walking test and a 6‐min walking test. Muscular strength was measured by handgrip, biceps curl, squats, and isokinetic strength tests. T1‐weigthed images were obtained through a magnetic resonance scan. GMV was determined by voxel‐based morphometric analysis. Standardized EF tests were performed. CRF did not show any positive association with GMV. Handgrip strength was positively associated with GMV (p < 0.001) in nine regions (β from 0.6 to 0.8 and k from 106 to 1927) and knee extension strength in three regions (β from 0.4 to 0.5 and k from 76 to 2776). Squats strength was negatively associated with GMV (p < 0.001) in two regions (β = −0.3, k = 1102 and k = 152) and the 2‐km walking test in one region (β = −0.4, k = 99). Only handgrip strength‐related GMV was associated with cognitive flexibility (p = 0.039, β = 0.215) and spatial working memory (p < 0.03, β 0.247–0.317), but not with EF score (p > 0.05). Muscular strength, but no CRF, may be positively related to GMV in cortical and subcortical regions, with implications for specific cognitive domains rather than the overall EF score. Specifically, handgrip strength was the indicator most associated with higher GMV, while squats strength and CRF were negatively related to GMV.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05186090.

本研究旨在调查心肺功能（CRF）和肌肉力量指标与灰质体积（GMV）之间的关系，并研究认知正常老年人的灰质体积中与体能相关的区域是否与执行功能（EF）有关。91 名认知正常的老年人（71.69 ± 3.91 岁；57.14% 为女性）参加了这项研究，他们来自 AGUEDA 试验。CRF通过2公里步行测试和6分钟步行测试进行测量。肌肉力量通过握手、二头肌卷曲、深蹲和等动力量测试进行测量。通过磁共振扫描获得 T1 称重图像。通过基于体素的形态计量分析确定 GMV。进行了标准化的 EF 测试。CRF与GMV没有任何正相关。9个区域的手握力量与GMV呈正相关（p <0.001）（β从0.6到0.8，k从106到1927），3个区域的膝关节伸展力量与GMV呈正相关（β从0.4到0.5，k从76到2776）。深蹲力量与两个地区的 GMV 负相关（p < 0.001）（β = -0.3，k = 1102 和 k = 152），与一个地区的 2 公里步行测试负相关（β = -0.4，k = 99）。只有与手握力相关的 GMV 与认知灵活性（p = 0.039，β = 0.215）和空间工作记忆（p < 0.03，β 0.247-0.317）相关，但与 EF 分数无关（p > 0.05）。肌肉力量（而非 CRF）可能与皮层和皮层下区域的 GMV 呈正相关，这对特定认知领域而非整体 EF 分数有影响。具体来说，手握力是与较高GMV最相关的指标，而深蹲力量和CRF与GMV呈负相关：NCT05186090。

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引用次数: 0

Reply to Letter to the Editor: “Effects of High‐Intensity Interval Training on Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Healthy Individuals: Methodological Caution to Minimize Risks of Bias” 回复致编辑的信："高强度间歇训练对健康人抑郁和焦虑症状的影响：方法上的注意事项以尽量减少偏差风险"

IF 4.1 2区医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports

Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14741

Jhonatan Wélington Pereira Gaia, Felipe Barreto Schuch, Rodrigo Weyll Ferreira, Edielen de Lima Souza, Verônica Moreira Souto Ferreira, Daniel Alvarez Pires

引用次数: 0