Pub Date : 1985-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00362178585380041
P. Marichal, J. Gorrens, H. Bossche
Growth and sterol synthesis of Aspergillus fumigatus and A. niger were studied in control cultures and in the presence of ketoconazole or itraconazole, the latter compound being 100 times more growth inhibitory than the former. Sterol synthesis is inhibited more rapidly than any visible fungal outgrowth. This inhibition results in an accumulation of 4,14 dimethyl- and 4,4',14 trimethylsterols. The presence of these membrane-disturbing sterols may result in a pertubation of membrane-bound enzyme systems such as chitin synthase.
{"title":"The action of itraconazole and ketoconazole on growth and sterol synthesis in Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger.","authors":"P. Marichal, J. Gorrens, H. Bossche","doi":"10.1080/00362178585380041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00362178585380041","url":null,"abstract":"Growth and sterol synthesis of Aspergillus fumigatus and A. niger were studied in control cultures and in the presence of ketoconazole or itraconazole, the latter compound being 100 times more growth inhibitory than the former. Sterol synthesis is inhibited more rapidly than any visible fungal outgrowth. This inhibition results in an accumulation of 4,14 dimethyl- and 4,4',14 trimethylsterols. The presence of these membrane-disturbing sterols may result in a pertubation of membrane-bound enzyme systems such as chitin synthase.","PeriodicalId":21469,"journal":{"name":"Sabouraudia","volume":"168 1","pages":"13-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77488478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00362178585380521
R. W. Huntington
The careers of William Ophuls (1871-1933), Myrnie Gifford (1892-1966), Charles Edward Smith (1904-1967) and William A. Winn (1903-1967) are briefly reviewed, with emphasis on their contributions to knowledge of Coccidioides and coccidioidomycosis. All were students with broad interests, and all were quite willing to suggest new concepts and classifications to replace those of their predecessors.
简要回顾了William Ophuls (1871-1933)， Myrnie Gifford (1892-1966)， Charles Edward Smith(1904-1967)和William A. Winn(1903-1967)的职业生涯，重点介绍了他们对球虫和球虫真菌病知识的贡献。他们都是兴趣广泛的学生，而且都非常愿意提出新的概念和分类来取代前人的概念和分类。
{"title":"Four great coccidioidomycologists: William Ophuls (1871-1933), Myrnie Gifford (1892-1966), and Charles Edward Smith (1904-1967) and William A. Winn (1903-1967).","authors":"R. W. Huntington","doi":"10.1080/00362178585380521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00362178585380521","url":null,"abstract":"The careers of William Ophuls (1871-1933), Myrnie Gifford (1892-1966), Charles Edward Smith (1904-1967) and William A. Winn (1903-1967) are briefly reviewed, with emphasis on their contributions to knowledge of Coccidioides and coccidioidomycosis. All were students with broad interests, and all were quite willing to suggest new concepts and classifications to replace those of their predecessors.","PeriodicalId":21469,"journal":{"name":"Sabouraudia","volume":"264 1","pages":"361-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85748442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00362178585380121
J. C. Rhodes, K. Kwon-Chung
Protoplasts were quickly and efficiently produced from both varieties of Cryptococcus neoformans and from C. laurentii by use of the multi-enzyme product Novozym 234. Conditions for regeneration of protoplasts are described. DNA yield from the Novozym-produced protoplasts was superior to that from snail gut enzyme-derived protoplasts.
{"title":"Production and regeneration of protoplasts from Cryptococcus.","authors":"J. C. Rhodes, K. Kwon-Chung","doi":"10.1080/00362178585380121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00362178585380121","url":null,"abstract":"Protoplasts were quickly and efficiently produced from both varieties of Cryptococcus neoformans and from C. laurentii by use of the multi-enzyme product Novozym 234. Conditions for regeneration of protoplasts are described. DNA yield from the Novozym-produced protoplasts was superior to that from snail gut enzyme-derived protoplasts.","PeriodicalId":21469,"journal":{"name":"Sabouraudia","volume":"34 1","pages":"77-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87277241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1985-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00362178585380511
M. R. R. Reyes Montes, J. Casasola, N. Elizondo, M. L. Taylor
One-month-old and 1-year-old male BALB/c mice showed a lower resistance than 4.5-month-old mice to Histoplasma capsulatum infection. 4.5-month-old mice successfully resolved the infection when challenged with either a LD50 or LD100 for 1-month-old mice. A critical clinical course of experimental histoplasmosis was observed in 4.5-month-old syngeneic mice when spleen cells from 1-month-old BALB/c mice were transferred to them. Irradiated recipient mice, into which bone marrow and spleen cells were transferred, died when infected with the LD100 for 1-month-old mice. The same occurred with 4.5-month-old non-irradiated infected mice which received only spleen cells and with 1-month-old mice which were used as a control of infection. However, infected and non-transferred 4.5-month-old mice survived this dose. Thus, the adoptive transference of spleen cells from 1-month-old mice to 4.5-month-old mice suppressed the resistance of these adult mice to infection. Apparently, the transference of the suppressive state requires the presence of two cell populations, a non-adherent and an adherent and radioresistant cell present in the spleen of male 1-month-old mice.
{"title":"Relationship between age and cellular suppressive activity in resistance to Histoplasma capsulatum infection.","authors":"M. R. R. Reyes Montes, J. Casasola, N. Elizondo, M. L. Taylor","doi":"10.1080/00362178585380511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00362178585380511","url":null,"abstract":"One-month-old and 1-year-old male BALB/c mice showed a lower resistance than 4.5-month-old mice to Histoplasma capsulatum infection. 4.5-month-old mice successfully resolved the infection when challenged with either a LD50 or LD100 for 1-month-old mice. A critical clinical course of experimental histoplasmosis was observed in 4.5-month-old syngeneic mice when spleen cells from 1-month-old BALB/c mice were transferred to them. Irradiated recipient mice, into which bone marrow and spleen cells were transferred, died when infected with the LD100 for 1-month-old mice. The same occurred with 4.5-month-old non-irradiated infected mice which received only spleen cells and with 1-month-old mice which were used as a control of infection. However, infected and non-transferred 4.5-month-old mice survived this dose. Thus, the adoptive transference of spleen cells from 1-month-old mice to 4.5-month-old mice suppressed the resistance of these adult mice to infection. Apparently, the transference of the suppressive state requires the presence of two cell populations, a non-adherent and an adherent and radioresistant cell present in the spleen of male 1-month-old mice.","PeriodicalId":21469,"journal":{"name":"Sabouraudia","volume":"16 1","pages":"351-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84875802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1984-11-01DOI: 10.1080/00362178485380791
F. Odds
Electron microscopy of Candida albicans yeast cells grown in a peptone glucose broth at 37 degrees C revealed pores in the septum identical in appearance to those already described in the hyphal form of the fungus. The presence of septal pores in yeast cells may explain apparently synchronous post-septation events in parent and daughter cells, and emphasizes the close structural similarities between different morphological forms of C. albicans.
{"title":"Demonstration of a septal pore in budding Candida albicans yeast cells.","authors":"F. Odds","doi":"10.1080/00362178485380791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00362178485380791","url":null,"abstract":"Electron microscopy of Candida albicans yeast cells grown in a peptone glucose broth at 37 degrees C revealed pores in the septum identical in appearance to those already described in the hyphal form of the fungus. The presence of septal pores in yeast cells may explain apparently synchronous post-septation events in parent and daughter cells, and emphasizes the close structural similarities between different morphological forms of C. albicans.","PeriodicalId":21469,"journal":{"name":"Sabouraudia","volume":"52 1","pages":"505-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74014603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1984-11-01DOI: 10.1080/00362178485380771
A. Padhye, W. Kaplan, M. A. Neuman, P. Case, G. N. Radcliffe
The second human subcutaneous infection due to Exophiala spinifera from the United States is described. Identification was based on the morphology of the fungus in tissue and the morphological features of the culture obtained from the biopsy material. Correct diagnosis and treatment with ketoconazole and 5-fluorocytosine cured the infection.
{"title":"Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exophiala spinifera.","authors":"A. Padhye, W. Kaplan, M. A. Neuman, P. Case, G. N. Radcliffe","doi":"10.1080/00362178485380771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00362178485380771","url":null,"abstract":"The second human subcutaneous infection due to Exophiala spinifera from the United States is described. Identification was based on the morphology of the fungus in tissue and the morphological features of the culture obtained from the biopsy material. Correct diagnosis and treatment with ketoconazole and 5-fluorocytosine cured the infection.","PeriodicalId":21469,"journal":{"name":"Sabouraudia","volume":"15 1","pages":"493-500"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81910903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1984-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00362178485380621
C. Jeffries, E. Reiss, L. Ajello
Culture filtrates were prepared from dermatophytes under standard conditions and adapted for analytical isoelectric focusing in thin layer polyacrylamide gels over the pH range 3.5-9.5. Dermatophytes grown in trypticase soy broth secreted a large number of proteins displaying a wide range of isoelectric points (pIs). Trichophyton megninii extracts contained a triplet of proteins focusing in the pH 8.0-8.5 range that were absent in taxonomically related T. kuryangei isolates. Single ascospore isolates and standard tester strains of Nannizzia otae (+) mating type were differentiated from the (-) mating type by proteins focusing at pH 6.5 and 8.4. These were markedly reduced in the (+) type. The isofocused pattern of Microsporum canis conformed closely to the (-) mating type of N. otae. The protein patterns of T. megninii and T. kuryangei were distinct from those obtained with M. canis and M. equinum because of an intense-staining broad protein band, pI 7.2, and three periodic acid-Schiff-positive glycoproteins focusing in the acidic range which were absent in the Microsporum species. A characteristic protein or doublet (pI 8.7) was present in the Microsporum species and absent in the Trichophyton species. Analytical isoelectric focusing is a potentially useful method to distinguish inter- and intra-species differences in the pattern of secreted dermatophyte proteins present in culture filtrates and in trichophytins. The information derived may be useful in the classification of species.
{"title":"Analytical isoelectric focusing of secreted dermatophyte proteins applied to taxonomic differentiation of Microsporum and Trichophyton species (preliminary studies).","authors":"C. Jeffries, E. Reiss, L. Ajello","doi":"10.1080/00362178485380621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00362178485380621","url":null,"abstract":"Culture filtrates were prepared from dermatophytes under standard conditions and adapted for analytical isoelectric focusing in thin layer polyacrylamide gels over the pH range 3.5-9.5. Dermatophytes grown in trypticase soy broth secreted a large number of proteins displaying a wide range of isoelectric points (pIs). Trichophyton megninii extracts contained a triplet of proteins focusing in the pH 8.0-8.5 range that were absent in taxonomically related T. kuryangei isolates. Single ascospore isolates and standard tester strains of Nannizzia otae (+) mating type were differentiated from the (-) mating type by proteins focusing at pH 6.5 and 8.4. These were markedly reduced in the (+) type. The isofocused pattern of Microsporum canis conformed closely to the (-) mating type of N. otae. The protein patterns of T. megninii and T. kuryangei were distinct from those obtained with M. canis and M. equinum because of an intense-staining broad protein band, pI 7.2, and three periodic acid-Schiff-positive glycoproteins focusing in the acidic range which were absent in the Microsporum species. A characteristic protein or doublet (pI 8.7) was present in the Microsporum species and absent in the Trichophyton species. Analytical isoelectric focusing is a potentially useful method to distinguish inter- and intra-species differences in the pattern of secreted dermatophyte proteins present in culture filtrates and in trichophytins. The information derived may be useful in the classification of species.","PeriodicalId":21469,"journal":{"name":"Sabouraudia","volume":"36 1","pages":"369-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84474677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1984-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00362178485380681
M. González, B. Alfonso, D. Seckinger, A. Padhye, L. Ajello
A 26-year-old woman from Grand Cayman Island with a 3-month history of a lump in the left breast was presumptively diagnosed as having a carcinoma. A segmental resection was attempted. Histologic examination of the biopsied tissue showed extensive granulomatous inflammation, necrosis, and septate, branched, dematiaceous hyphae in the intralobular ducts as well as in the surrounding tissues. When cultured on Sabouraud dextrose and brain heart infusion agars, the tissue yielded a slow-growing, downy, dematiaceous mould. Microscopically, it produced short, branched and unbranched chains of holoblastic conidia in acropetal manner from erect conidiophores that were characteristic of the genus Cladosporium. The isolate grew well at 36-37 degrees C, but failed to grow above 37 degrees C. It did not liquefy gelatin nor decompose casein, xanthine, hypoxanthine, or tyrosine, but did hydrolyze urea. Comparative studies with other pathogenic and saprophytic species of Cladosporium revealed that it represented an undescribed species. It is named Cladosporium devriesii, sp. nov.
{"title":"Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Cladosporium devriesii, sp. nov.","authors":"M. González, B. Alfonso, D. Seckinger, A. Padhye, L. Ajello","doi":"10.1080/00362178485380681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00362178485380681","url":null,"abstract":"A 26-year-old woman from Grand Cayman Island with a 3-month history of a lump in the left breast was presumptively diagnosed as having a carcinoma. A segmental resection was attempted. Histologic examination of the biopsied tissue showed extensive granulomatous inflammation, necrosis, and septate, branched, dematiaceous hyphae in the intralobular ducts as well as in the surrounding tissues. When cultured on Sabouraud dextrose and brain heart infusion agars, the tissue yielded a slow-growing, downy, dematiaceous mould. Microscopically, it produced short, branched and unbranched chains of holoblastic conidia in acropetal manner from erect conidiophores that were characteristic of the genus Cladosporium. The isolate grew well at 36-37 degrees C, but failed to grow above 37 degrees C. It did not liquefy gelatin nor decompose casein, xanthine, hypoxanthine, or tyrosine, but did hydrolyze urea. Comparative studies with other pathogenic and saprophytic species of Cladosporium revealed that it represented an undescribed species. It is named Cladosporium devriesii, sp. nov.","PeriodicalId":21469,"journal":{"name":"Sabouraudia","volume":"48 1","pages":"427-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80606262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1984-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00362178485380651
R. Eng, Robert Drehmel, Sharon M. Smith, Ellie J.C. Goldstein
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a yeast commonly used to make food products such as bread, beer and wine, or ingested whole as a 'health' food. We report five cases of infections involving S. cerevisiae, including one in which S. cerevisiae alone was implicated, and review the literature on its pathogenicity.
{"title":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae infections in man.","authors":"R. Eng, Robert Drehmel, Sharon M. Smith, Ellie J.C. Goldstein","doi":"10.1080/00362178485380651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00362178485380651","url":null,"abstract":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a yeast commonly used to make food products such as bread, beer and wine, or ingested whole as a 'health' food. We report five cases of infections involving S. cerevisiae, including one in which S. cerevisiae alone was implicated, and review the literature on its pathogenicity.","PeriodicalId":21469,"journal":{"name":"Sabouraudia","volume":"6 1","pages":"403-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84061365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1984-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00362178485380671
G. Hoyos, J. McEwen, E. Brummer, E. Castañeda, Á. Restrepo, D. Stevens
In a murine model of chronic pulmonary and disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis, ketoconazole (100 mg kg-1 in 0.3% agar) given by gavage twice daily for 1 or 2 months enabled all mice to clear disseminated Paracoccidioides brasiliensis from the spleen. Clearance of P. brasiliensis from the lungs was more difficult, and was achieved in 60% of the mice treated for 2 months. Sera from agar-treated control mice at days 77 and 103 post-infection demonstrated precipitating antibodies to P. brasiliensis antigens, but sera from ketoconazole-treated mice were precipitin-negative, indicating a favorable prognosis. Delayed hypersensitivity reactions to P. brasiliensis antigens in ketoconazole-treated mice were not significantly greater than in controls; consequently this test correlated less well with response than levels of serum antibody. This is the first use of this animal model of paracoccidioidomycosis to study the effect of antifungal drug protocols on the resolution of the disease. It also demonstrates the utility of this model in addressing clinically relevant questions about this disease and its treatment.
{"title":"Chronic murine paracoccidioidomycosis: effect of ketoconazole on clearance of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and immune response.","authors":"G. Hoyos, J. McEwen, E. Brummer, E. Castañeda, Á. Restrepo, D. Stevens","doi":"10.1080/00362178485380671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00362178485380671","url":null,"abstract":"In a murine model of chronic pulmonary and disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis, ketoconazole (100 mg kg-1 in 0.3% agar) given by gavage twice daily for 1 or 2 months enabled all mice to clear disseminated Paracoccidioides brasiliensis from the spleen. Clearance of P. brasiliensis from the lungs was more difficult, and was achieved in 60% of the mice treated for 2 months. Sera from agar-treated control mice at days 77 and 103 post-infection demonstrated precipitating antibodies to P. brasiliensis antigens, but sera from ketoconazole-treated mice were precipitin-negative, indicating a favorable prognosis. Delayed hypersensitivity reactions to P. brasiliensis antigens in ketoconazole-treated mice were not significantly greater than in controls; consequently this test correlated less well with response than levels of serum antibody. This is the first use of this animal model of paracoccidioidomycosis to study the effect of antifungal drug protocols on the resolution of the disease. It also demonstrates the utility of this model in addressing clinically relevant questions about this disease and its treatment.","PeriodicalId":21469,"journal":{"name":"Sabouraudia","volume":"22 5 1","pages":"419-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81141144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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