Pub Date : 2023-09-22DOI: 10.46235/1028-7221-13911-lce
Yuliya Y. Filippova, A. S. Alekseeva, A. L. Burmistrova
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with unknown etiology, high clinical heterogeneity and marked aberrations of the immune system. Evidence for an association between immune dysfunction and behavioral traits highlights the need for a study of the immune cell functional activity in order to search for pathogenesis mechanisms and potential targets for therapy at ASD. The purpose: to determine the expression levels of IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, IFN and TNF in peripheral blood leukocytes of children with mild and severe ASD. The study included 81 children with ASD (77.8% boys) and 45 children with typical neurodevelopment (TDC, 71.1% boys). According to the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, 51 children (63.0%) had mild autistic symptoms (CARS score 32.01,5) and 30 children had severe ASD symptoms (CARS score 39.03,4). Cytokines expression in leukocytes was determined by quantitative PCR with SYBRGreen. The data were transformed using BoxCox transformation. The differences between groups were assessed by one-way ANOVA and Dunns test for multiple comparisons. In leukocytes of children with ASD, regardless of the severity, the expression of IL-1, IL-18 and IL-2, was significantly reduced compared to TDC. Moreover, in children with mild ASD, low expression of TNF, compared with TDC was found. In children with severe ASD, the expression of the main cytokine of Th1 IFN, was significantly increased, without an increased expression of an important cytokine of Treg IL-10. Activation of the Th1 adaptive immune response without compensation by cytokines of Treg, the number of which is reduced in ASD, can lead to increased inflammation, even in the central nervous system, and correlates with the severity of ASD clinical symptoms. Despite extensive immunological evidence suggesting immune system dysregulation, further research is required to clarify the relationship between immune system cell function and ASD pathology.
{"title":"Leukocyte cytokine expression is associated with severity of autism in children","authors":"Yuliya Y. Filippova, A. S. Alekseeva, A. L. Burmistrova","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-13911-lce","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-13911-lce","url":null,"abstract":"Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with unknown etiology, high clinical heterogeneity and marked aberrations of the immune system. Evidence for an association between immune dysfunction and behavioral traits highlights the need for a study of the immune cell functional activity in order to search for pathogenesis mechanisms and potential targets for therapy at ASD. The purpose: to determine the expression levels of IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, IFN and TNF in peripheral blood leukocytes of children with mild and severe ASD. The study included 81 children with ASD (77.8% boys) and 45 children with typical neurodevelopment (TDC, 71.1% boys). According to the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, 51 children (63.0%) had mild autistic symptoms (CARS score 32.01,5) and 30 children had severe ASD symptoms (CARS score 39.03,4). Cytokines expression in leukocytes was determined by quantitative PCR with SYBRGreen. The data were transformed using BoxCox transformation. The differences between groups were assessed by one-way ANOVA and Dunns test for multiple comparisons. In leukocytes of children with ASD, regardless of the severity, the expression of IL-1, IL-18 and IL-2, was significantly reduced compared to TDC. Moreover, in children with mild ASD, low expression of TNF, compared with TDC was found. In children with severe ASD, the expression of the main cytokine of Th1 IFN, was significantly increased, without an increased expression of an important cytokine of Treg IL-10. Activation of the Th1 adaptive immune response without compensation by cytokines of Treg, the number of which is reduced in ASD, can lead to increased inflammation, even in the central nervous system, and correlates with the severity of ASD clinical symptoms. Despite extensive immunological evidence suggesting immune system dysregulation, further research is required to clarify the relationship between immune system cell function and ASD pathology.","PeriodicalId":21507,"journal":{"name":"Russian journal of immunology : RJI : official journal of Russian Society of Immunology","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136059439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-22DOI: 10.46235/1028-7221-13943-coi
Irina V. Astrakhantseva
The pandemic of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) has stimulated the development, testing and widespread use of preventive vaccines based on various platforms. Our aim was to perform a direct comparison of immunogenicity of various vaccines within a single study in small groups within six months of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and revaccination.
The stdy group included subjects vaccinated with Sputnik V adenovirus vaccine, mRNA vaccines, and CoviVac whole-virion vaccine. Their immune status was assessed by enzyme immunoassay as specific antibody levels. Moreover, the neutralizing ability of detected antibodies was assessed using a cell test system based on pseudoviral technology.
All of the mentioned vaccines were shown to elicit an immune response against SARS-CoV-2 RBD antigen, however, appropriate antibody titers and neutralizing capacities differed depending on the type of vaccine. The mRNA vaccines proved to be the most immunogenic, the effectiveness of the immune response to the Sputnik V adenovirus-based vaccine was lower. However, 6 months after vaccination, the effectiveness of virus neutralizing antibodies induced by these vaccines did not differ. The whole-virion CoviVac vaccine with proven efficiency by independent epidemiological studies, induced an antibody response against the RBD protein to a lesser extent.
The seropositive participants of the study, both previously exposed to COVID-19 disease or vaccinated, exhibited high-titer production of antibodies already after the first dose of the Sputnik V vaccine, and a significantly higher antibody titer 6 months after the booster immunization as compared with initial level of antibodies, along with direct correlation between the antibody titers and their neutralizing activity.
{"title":"Comparison of immune response to various SARS-CoV-2 vaccines within 6 months after starting vaccination and following revaccination","authors":"Irina V. Astrakhantseva","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-13943-coi","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-13943-coi","url":null,"abstract":"The pandemic of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) has stimulated the development, testing and widespread use of preventive vaccines based on various platforms. Our aim was to perform a direct comparison of immunogenicity of various vaccines within a single study in small groups within six months of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and revaccination.
 The stdy group included subjects vaccinated with Sputnik V adenovirus vaccine, mRNA vaccines, and CoviVac whole-virion vaccine. Their immune status was assessed by enzyme immunoassay as specific antibody levels. Moreover, the neutralizing ability of detected antibodies was assessed using a cell test system based on pseudoviral technology.
 All of the mentioned vaccines were shown to elicit an immune response against SARS-CoV-2 RBD antigen, however, appropriate antibody titers and neutralizing capacities differed depending on the type of vaccine. The mRNA vaccines proved to be the most immunogenic, the effectiveness of the immune response to the Sputnik V adenovirus-based vaccine was lower. However, 6 months after vaccination, the effectiveness of virus neutralizing antibodies induced by these vaccines did not differ. The whole-virion CoviVac vaccine with proven efficiency by independent epidemiological studies, induced an antibody response against the RBD protein to a lesser extent.
 The seropositive participants of the study, both previously exposed to COVID-19 disease or vaccinated, exhibited high-titer production of antibodies already after the first dose of the Sputnik V vaccine, and a significantly higher antibody titer 6 months after the booster immunization as compared with initial level of antibodies, along with direct correlation between the antibody titers and their neutralizing activity.","PeriodicalId":21507,"journal":{"name":"Russian journal of immunology : RJI : official journal of Russian Society of Immunology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136059435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-22DOI: 10.46235/1028-7221-13954-eoc
V. N. Chapurina, Irina V. Nesterova, G. A. Chudilova, S. V. Kovaleva, D. E. Lyagusha, Yu. V. Teterin, N. K. Barova, V. A. Tarakanov
Acute destructive pneumonia (ADP) is a severe purulent and septic infectious disorder of childhood, characterized by a high level of morbidity and associated with imbalance of the immune system (IS). Hence, there is an obvious need to study the immunopathogenesis of this disease in order to develop new therapeutic strategy aimed at eliminating the pathogen, detoxifying the body, relieving respiratory failure and correcting functional immune deficiency. Our aim was to perform a clinical and immunological study in order to evaluate efficiency of immunomodulatory therapy using a medical drug with hexapeptide as an active substance. This drug was included into the complex postoperative treatment of children with acute destructive pneumonia. Clinical and immunological examination of 15 children 2-5 years old with ADP was performed before (study group 1 SG1) and after (study group 1a SG1a) combined postsurgical treatment including immunomodulatory therapy with a Hexapeptide-based pharmaceutical (HP, Arginyl-alpha-Aspartyl-Lysyl-Valyl-Tyrosyl-Arginine). Comparison group (CG) included twenty healthy children. The contents of T and B lymphocytes, natural killer cells (NK) were measured by means of flow cytometry (CYTOMICS FC 500, USA). Serum levels of IgA, IgM, IgG (ELISA), phagocytic and microbicidal activity of neutrophil granulocytes (NG) were also evaluated. Prior to the treatment in SG1 patients, a decreased number of CD3+CD19-T lymphocytes, CD3+CD8+ TCTL lymphocytes was revealed along with significant decrease in the contents of CD3-CD16+CD56+ NK (p1-3 0.05). It was found that in children with ADP, the IgG level did not differ from indices of control group, with a decrease of IgM (p1, 2 0.05), and increased level of IgA (p 0.05). We have also found a deficiency of NG effector functions, i.e., insufficiency of active phagocytic NG with impaired capture and killing of bacterial antigen. Assays of NADPH-oxidase activity showed lacking response to both inflammation and additional induction by S. aureus. After complex treatment including immunomodulatory therapy in the SG1a group, we revealed a recovery in CD3+CD19-T lymphocyte contents, CD3+CD8+TCTL lymphocytes, CD3-CD16+CD56+ NK (p1-3 0.05). The trends towards normalization of IgA, IgM, improved NG effector functions (killing ability) were revealed due to activation of NADPH-oxidases. The restoration of immunological parameters in ADP was associated with earlier recovery from the purulent-destructive process in lungs, absence of postoperative complications including the prevention of septic process. The clinical and immunological effects of the immunomodulatory therapy program with HP-based pharmaceutical preparations suggest its potential usage during postoperative period in immunocompromised children with ADP.
{"title":"Efficiency of combined postoperative treatment including an immunomodulatory Hexapeptide in children with acute destructive pneumonia","authors":"V. N. Chapurina, Irina V. Nesterova, G. A. Chudilova, S. V. Kovaleva, D. E. Lyagusha, Yu. V. Teterin, N. K. Barova, V. A. Tarakanov","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-13954-eoc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-13954-eoc","url":null,"abstract":"Acute destructive pneumonia (ADP) is a severe purulent and septic infectious disorder of childhood, characterized by a high level of morbidity and associated with imbalance of the immune system (IS). Hence, there is an obvious need to study the immunopathogenesis of this disease in order to develop new therapeutic strategy aimed at eliminating the pathogen, detoxifying the body, relieving respiratory failure and correcting functional immune deficiency. Our aim was to perform a clinical and immunological study in order to evaluate efficiency of immunomodulatory therapy using a medical drug with hexapeptide as an active substance. This drug was included into the complex postoperative treatment of children with acute destructive pneumonia. Clinical and immunological examination of 15 children 2-5 years old with ADP was performed before (study group 1 SG1) and after (study group 1a SG1a) combined postsurgical treatment including immunomodulatory therapy with a Hexapeptide-based pharmaceutical (HP, Arginyl-alpha-Aspartyl-Lysyl-Valyl-Tyrosyl-Arginine). Comparison group (CG) included twenty healthy children. The contents of T and B lymphocytes, natural killer cells (NK) were measured by means of flow cytometry (CYTOMICS FC 500, USA). Serum levels of IgA, IgM, IgG (ELISA), phagocytic and microbicidal activity of neutrophil granulocytes (NG) were also evaluated. Prior to the treatment in SG1 patients, a decreased number of CD3+CD19-T lymphocytes, CD3+CD8+ TCTL lymphocytes was revealed along with significant decrease in the contents of CD3-CD16+CD56+ NK (p1-3 0.05). It was found that in children with ADP, the IgG level did not differ from indices of control group, with a decrease of IgM (p1, 2 0.05), and increased level of IgA (p 0.05). We have also found a deficiency of NG effector functions, i.e., insufficiency of active phagocytic NG with impaired capture and killing of bacterial antigen. Assays of NADPH-oxidase activity showed lacking response to both inflammation and additional induction by S. aureus. After complex treatment including immunomodulatory therapy in the SG1a group, we revealed a recovery in CD3+CD19-T lymphocyte contents, CD3+CD8+TCTL lymphocytes, CD3-CD16+CD56+ NK (p1-3 0.05). The trends towards normalization of IgA, IgM, improved NG effector functions (killing ability) were revealed due to activation of NADPH-oxidases. The restoration of immunological parameters in ADP was associated with earlier recovery from the purulent-destructive process in lungs, absence of postoperative complications including the prevention of septic process. The clinical and immunological effects of the immunomodulatory therapy program with HP-based pharmaceutical preparations suggest its potential usage during postoperative period in immunocompromised children with ADP.","PeriodicalId":21507,"journal":{"name":"Russian journal of immunology : RJI : official journal of Russian Society of Immunology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136059436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-22DOI: 10.46235/1028-7221-13982-eoi
Elena A. Blinova, O. A. Angelskaya, V. A. Kozlov
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the joints, spine, and entheses that can occur in patients with psoriasis. The prevalence of psoriatic arthritis is high in Russia, in recent years there has been an increase in its incidence rates. The pathogenesis of PsA is based on the activation of Th1, Th17 cells. Pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by the cells are involved in the cascade of reactions leading to the joint deformity and bone destruction. For some autoimmune diseases associated with the Th1/Th17 response, IL-7 has been found to be involved in pathogenetic mechanisms. At the same time, IL-7 is assumed to support autoreactive T lymphocytes. Effect of the cytokine on cells is provided by the binding to a specific receptor thus causing a signal transmission into the cell and inducing the processes of differentiation, proliferation, and production of cytokines. In animal models of autoimmune diseases, usage of blocking antibodies to -chain of the IL-7 receptor (IL-7R) was shown to cause reduced inflammation in target tissues and decreased number of infiltrating T lymphocytes. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate the in vitro effects of IL-7 and blockade of the -chain of the IL-7 receptor on the contents of Th1, Th17 lymphocytes and expression of IL-7 receptor subunits on these cells in normal subjects and in psoriatic arthritis. The study included nine patients with PsA in the stage of exacerbation of the underlying disease (mean age 446.5 years) and 6 healthy individuals (mean age 452.7 years). The in vitro effects of IL-7 and specific blocking monoclonal antibodies (aCD127) was evaluated in cultures of mononuclear cells from peripheral blood. Flow cytometry was used to determine the expression of IL-7 receptor subunits (CD127, CD132) and to assess cell phenotypes in peripheral blood and cultured cells. We have shown for the first time that patients with PsA have an increased number of CD127+CD132- and CD127+CD132+ cells among Th17 lymphocytes, as well as CD127+CD132-, CD127+CD132+ and CD127-CD132+ cells among Th1 lymphocytes, which suggests participation of IL-7 in maintaining these cell populations. Upon the in vitro supplement of IL-7, an increase in the Th1 cell contents and a decreased number of Th17 cells were observed, both in donors and PsA patients, and the opposite effect was observed under the conditions of IL-7R of blockade. Under the influence of IL-7, as well as with blocking antibodies, there was a significant decrease in CD127 expression on Th1, Th17 lymphocytes. However, a decrease in the number of CD127-132+ among Th1, Th17 lymphocytes occurred only following blockade with antibodies. That is, despite redistribution of Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes in culture, the cells of these populations were not activated under the IL-7 receptor blockade. The obtained data may serve as a basis for choosing the IL-7 receptor as a target in the development of targeted drugs for the treatmen
{"title":"Expression of IL-7 receptor on Th1, Th17 lymphocytes in patients with psoriatic arthritis","authors":"Elena A. Blinova, O. A. Angelskaya, V. A. Kozlov","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-13982-eoi","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-13982-eoi","url":null,"abstract":"Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the joints, spine, and entheses that can occur in patients with psoriasis. The prevalence of psoriatic arthritis is high in Russia, in recent years there has been an increase in its incidence rates. The pathogenesis of PsA is based on the activation of Th1, Th17 cells. Pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by the cells are involved in the cascade of reactions leading to the joint deformity and bone destruction. For some autoimmune diseases associated with the Th1/Th17 response, IL-7 has been found to be involved in pathogenetic mechanisms. At the same time, IL-7 is assumed to support autoreactive T lymphocytes. Effect of the cytokine on cells is provided by the binding to a specific receptor thus causing a signal transmission into the cell and inducing the processes of differentiation, proliferation, and production of cytokines. In animal models of autoimmune diseases, usage of blocking antibodies to -chain of the IL-7 receptor (IL-7R) was shown to cause reduced inflammation in target tissues and decreased number of infiltrating T lymphocytes. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate the in vitro effects of IL-7 and blockade of the -chain of the IL-7 receptor on the contents of Th1, Th17 lymphocytes and expression of IL-7 receptor subunits on these cells in normal subjects and in psoriatic arthritis. The study included nine patients with PsA in the stage of exacerbation of the underlying disease (mean age 446.5 years) and 6 healthy individuals (mean age 452.7 years). The in vitro effects of IL-7 and specific blocking monoclonal antibodies (aCD127) was evaluated in cultures of mononuclear cells from peripheral blood. Flow cytometry was used to determine the expression of IL-7 receptor subunits (CD127, CD132) and to assess cell phenotypes in peripheral blood and cultured cells. We have shown for the first time that patients with PsA have an increased number of CD127+CD132- and CD127+CD132+ cells among Th17 lymphocytes, as well as CD127+CD132-, CD127+CD132+ and CD127-CD132+ cells among Th1 lymphocytes, which suggests participation of IL-7 in maintaining these cell populations. Upon the in vitro supplement of IL-7, an increase in the Th1 cell contents and a decreased number of Th17 cells were observed, both in donors and PsA patients, and the opposite effect was observed under the conditions of IL-7R of blockade. Under the influence of IL-7, as well as with blocking antibodies, there was a significant decrease in CD127 expression on Th1, Th17 lymphocytes. However, a decrease in the number of CD127-132+ among Th1, Th17 lymphocytes occurred only following blockade with antibodies. That is, despite redistribution of Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes in culture, the cells of these populations were not activated under the IL-7 receptor blockade. The obtained data may serve as a basis for choosing the IL-7 receptor as a target in the development of targeted drugs for the treatmen","PeriodicalId":21507,"journal":{"name":"Russian journal of immunology : RJI : official journal of Russian Society of Immunology","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136059584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-22DOI: 10.46235/1028-7221-13991-mda
Andrey G. Goncharov, M. A. Tatarkina, V. V. Lobanova, I. I. Kozenkov, A. K. Dzhigkaev, K. V. Gunbin
The article concerns the contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction to the development of inflammatory joint diseases. Mitochondria are the main suppliers of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a by-product of this metabolic process. Mitochondria also have an effective antioxidant mechanism: there is a certain balance between the ROS formation and their inactivation. Accumulation with age of mutations (single nucleotide substitutions, e.g., transversions, transitions, and deletions) in mitochondrial DNA, may cause a disorder in selective destruction (utilization) of damaged and dysfunctional mitochondria (mitophagy) thus leading to imbalance between the ROS production and their neutralization. This process is triggered by both internal factors (ROS overproduction) and external factors, i.e., tissue damage / injury and infection. The failure of quality control mechanisms resulting from disruption of mitophagy leads to a significant increase in terminally damaged mitochondria, which become a threat to cell survival. High level of genetic mutations accumulating with age in mitochondrial genome causes an increased formation of ROS, which, in turn, are one of the leading activators of the cytosolic NLRP3 protein, the main component of inflammasome type of the same name. Increased inflammasome formation ultimately triggers caspase-1 dependent production of pro-inflammatory interleukins-1(IL-1) and 18 (IL-18). Inadequate removal of damaged mitochondria leads to hyperactivation of inflammatory signaling pathways and, subsequently, to chronic systemic inflammation and development of inflammatory diseases, including primary osteoarthritis (OA). To assess the level of mitochondrial dysfunction, we assessed the numbers of mitochondrial genome copies in post-mitotic muscle cells in 48 patients aged 45 to 95 years who were diagnosed with OA of the knee or hip joints. As a result of our study, we have discovered and confirmed some regularities of human mtDNA mutations corresponding to those in vertebrates, and, in particular, in mammals. Degenerate mutation spectra (without classification of mutations by mtDNA chains and the context of surrounding nucleotides) were constructed for mtDNA in general, and for each individual sample. It was demonstrated that, in one-third of muscle samples, the critical threshold of mtDNA heteroplasmy was exceeded, at which the aberrant biochemical phenotype, in terms of oxidative phosphorylation functioning, (OXPHOS) becomes dominant. Of note, the heteroplasmy rates are lower in older patients who have had significant physical activity during their lives (sports, moderate physical work, etc.). Moreover, the heteroplasmy showed an inverse correlation with high mtDNA copy number. The results obtained can be used to diagnose pathologies in elderly, and the process of healthy aging.
{"title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction as a probable mechanism for triggering inflammatory joint diseases","authors":"Andrey G. Goncharov, M. A. Tatarkina, V. V. Lobanova, I. I. Kozenkov, A. K. Dzhigkaev, K. V. Gunbin","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-13991-mda","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-13991-mda","url":null,"abstract":"The article concerns the contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction to the development of inflammatory joint diseases. Mitochondria are the main suppliers of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a by-product of this metabolic process. Mitochondria also have an effective antioxidant mechanism: there is a certain balance between the ROS formation and their inactivation. Accumulation with age of mutations (single nucleotide substitutions, e.g., transversions, transitions, and deletions) in mitochondrial DNA, may cause a disorder in selective destruction (utilization) of damaged and dysfunctional mitochondria (mitophagy) thus leading to imbalance between the ROS production and their neutralization. This process is triggered by both internal factors (ROS overproduction) and external factors, i.e., tissue damage / injury and infection. The failure of quality control mechanisms resulting from disruption of mitophagy leads to a significant increase in terminally damaged mitochondria, which become a threat to cell survival. High level of genetic mutations accumulating with age in mitochondrial genome causes an increased formation of ROS, which, in turn, are one of the leading activators of the cytosolic NLRP3 protein, the main component of inflammasome type of the same name. Increased inflammasome formation ultimately triggers caspase-1 dependent production of pro-inflammatory interleukins-1(IL-1) and 18 (IL-18). Inadequate removal of damaged mitochondria leads to hyperactivation of inflammatory signaling pathways and, subsequently, to chronic systemic inflammation and development of inflammatory diseases, including primary osteoarthritis (OA). To assess the level of mitochondrial dysfunction, we assessed the numbers of mitochondrial genome copies in post-mitotic muscle cells in 48 patients aged 45 to 95 years who were diagnosed with OA of the knee or hip joints. As a result of our study, we have discovered and confirmed some regularities of human mtDNA mutations corresponding to those in vertebrates, and, in particular, in mammals. Degenerate mutation spectra (without classification of mutations by mtDNA chains and the context of surrounding nucleotides) were constructed for mtDNA in general, and for each individual sample. It was demonstrated that, in one-third of muscle samples, the critical threshold of mtDNA heteroplasmy was exceeded, at which the aberrant biochemical phenotype, in terms of oxidative phosphorylation functioning, (OXPHOS) becomes dominant. Of note, the heteroplasmy rates are lower in older patients who have had significant physical activity during their lives (sports, moderate physical work, etc.). Moreover, the heteroplasmy showed an inverse correlation with high mtDNA copy number. The results obtained can be used to diagnose pathologies in elderly, and the process of healthy aging.","PeriodicalId":21507,"journal":{"name":"Russian journal of immunology : RJI : official journal of Russian Society of Immunology","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136061601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-22DOI: 10.46235/1028-7221-13546-com
Natalya S. Chepurnova, S. V. Knysh, V. N. Yushchuk, E. V. Markelova, K. R. Sanatsky, A. N. Yushchenko, M. Z. Yermolitskaya
Arterial hypertension (AH) is the most common age-associated disease among the working population. Polyetiology of AH requires a more thorough definition and study of its predictors aiming for understanding the role of external influences, as well as detection of genetic polymorphisms at early stages, in order to limit their implementation. The scientific reviews discuss the important role of abnormal vascular remodeling in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The main factor of such alterations is the rearrangement of extracellular matrix due to matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), the zinc-dependent enzymes with a wide substrate specificity. In addition, in more than 70% of cases, AH is combined with lipid metabolism disorders, including an increase in cholesterol levels. These mechanisms should be taken into account when assessing risk factors for development of cardiovascular accidents. The role of MMP-2 and the complexes MMP- 9/ TIMP- 1, MMP-2/TIMP-2 in pathogenesis of vascular restructuring is insufficiently described in the review articles. The article presents our results of studying the system of proteolytic enzymes and the level of total cholesterol in 110 practically healthy people and 90 persons with AH aged 18 to 74 years old. The levels of MMP-2, MMP-9/ TIMP- 1, MMP-2/TIMP-2 complexes in blood serum were studied by the sandwich variant of ELISA technique. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using the analytical software IBM SPSS Statistics, v. 22.0.1. It was found that in the groups of women, regardless of the presence, or absence of pathology, the level of total cholesterol is higher if compared with male subjects. MMP-2 values were low both in the general group of practically healthy people, regardless of gender, and in the group of men with hypertension. Proteolytic activity of MMP-2 shows a broader substrate activity in women with hypertension. In the group of practically healthy men and women, we have registered lower levels of the studied MMP complexes and their tissue inhibitors. An imbalance in the proteolysis/antiproteolysis system is observed both in the group of hypertensive women with more pronounced effects upon migration, proliferation and apoptosis of smooth muscle cells, endothelial and inflammatory cells, thus determining formation of intima and arterial remodeling, as well as in the group of men with hypertension with predominance of remodeling factors that affects the rigidity of vascular wall.
{"title":"Contents of matrix metalloproteinase type 2 (MMP-2) and complexes MMP-9/TIMP-1, MMP-2/TIMP-2, and total cholesterol in practically healthy people and patients with hypertension","authors":"Natalya S. Chepurnova, S. V. Knysh, V. N. Yushchuk, E. V. Markelova, K. R. Sanatsky, A. N. Yushchenko, M. Z. Yermolitskaya","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-13546-com","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-13546-com","url":null,"abstract":"Arterial hypertension (AH) is the most common age-associated disease among the working population. Polyetiology of AH requires a more thorough definition and study of its predictors aiming for understanding the role of external influences, as well as detection of genetic polymorphisms at early stages, in order to limit their implementation. The scientific reviews discuss the important role of abnormal vascular remodeling in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The main factor of such alterations is the rearrangement of extracellular matrix due to matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), the zinc-dependent enzymes with a wide substrate specificity. In addition, in more than 70% of cases, AH is combined with lipid metabolism disorders, including an increase in cholesterol levels. These mechanisms should be taken into account when assessing risk factors for development of cardiovascular accidents. The role of MMP-2 and the complexes MMP- 9/ TIMP- 1, MMP-2/TIMP-2 in pathogenesis of vascular restructuring is insufficiently described in the review articles. The article presents our results of studying the system of proteolytic enzymes and the level of total cholesterol in 110 practically healthy people and 90 persons with AH aged 18 to 74 years old. The levels of MMP-2, MMP-9/ TIMP- 1, MMP-2/TIMP-2 complexes in blood serum were studied by the sandwich variant of ELISA technique. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using the analytical software IBM SPSS Statistics, v. 22.0.1. It was found that in the groups of women, regardless of the presence, or absence of pathology, the level of total cholesterol is higher if compared with male subjects. MMP-2 values were low both in the general group of practically healthy people, regardless of gender, and in the group of men with hypertension. Proteolytic activity of MMP-2 shows a broader substrate activity in women with hypertension. In the group of practically healthy men and women, we have registered lower levels of the studied MMP complexes and their tissue inhibitors. An imbalance in the proteolysis/antiproteolysis system is observed both in the group of hypertensive women with more pronounced effects upon migration, proliferation and apoptosis of smooth muscle cells, endothelial and inflammatory cells, thus determining formation of intima and arterial remodeling, as well as in the group of men with hypertension with predominance of remodeling factors that affects the rigidity of vascular wall.","PeriodicalId":21507,"journal":{"name":"Russian journal of immunology : RJI : official journal of Russian Society of Immunology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136059140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-22DOI: 10.46235/1028-7221-13776-spa
Olga A. Pashinina, O. L. Kartashova, T. M. Pashkova, V. A. Gritsenko
Our aim was to characterize the ability of bacteria from prostate secretions of different taxonomic affiliations to inactivate secretory IgA (sIgA). Materials and methods: We performed experiments with 122 isolates of eight types of microorganisms isolated from prostate secretions of the patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) and healthy males. The bacterial spectrum of microbiota was studied by bacteriological techniques, the species identification of microorganisms was carried out by mass spectrometry. The sIgA-protease activity of microorganisms was determined by the enzyme immunoassay using the IgA secretory ELISA-BEST kit. Results: A wide prevalence of sIgA-protease activity has been detected in the microorganisms of different types isolated from prostate secretions of patients with CBP and healthy males. E. faecalis was the most active producer of sIgA proteases. We revealed an intraspecific and interspecific variability of the levels of sIgA-protease activity among Staphylococci. The microorganisms isolated from CBP were shown to express a significantly more pronounced ability to inactivate sIgA compared to strains isolated from healthy men.
{"title":"sIgA-protease activity of microorganisms isolated from the prostate secretion","authors":"Olga A. Pashinina, O. L. Kartashova, T. M. Pashkova, V. A. Gritsenko","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-13776-spa","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-13776-spa","url":null,"abstract":"Our aim was to characterize the ability of bacteria from prostate secretions of different taxonomic affiliations to inactivate secretory IgA (sIgA). Materials and methods: We performed experiments with 122 isolates of eight types of microorganisms isolated from prostate secretions of the patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) and healthy males. The bacterial spectrum of microbiota was studied by bacteriological techniques, the species identification of microorganisms was carried out by mass spectrometry. The sIgA-protease activity of microorganisms was determined by the enzyme immunoassay using the IgA secretory ELISA-BEST kit. Results: A wide prevalence of sIgA-protease activity has been detected in the microorganisms of different types isolated from prostate secretions of patients with CBP and healthy males. E. faecalis was the most active producer of sIgA proteases. We revealed an intraspecific and interspecific variability of the levels of sIgA-protease activity among Staphylococci. The microorganisms isolated from CBP were shown to express a significantly more pronounced ability to inactivate sIgA compared to strains isolated from healthy men.","PeriodicalId":21507,"journal":{"name":"Russian journal of immunology : RJI : official journal of Russian Society of Immunology","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136059438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-22DOI: 10.46235/1028-7221-13986-cii
Aishat Z. Markhaychuk, A. O. Pleshkova, A. C. Mun, A. G. Goncharov
The aim of our work was to study the structure and prevalence of the infectious syndrome in children from Kaliningrad Region with moderate-to-severe allergic pathology, with a complex manifestations of allergic reactions, both on skin and on the mucous membranes of the digestive and respiratory tract.
Ninety children from 0 to 18 years old with various symptoms of allergic pathology were examined and included in the study group using standard clinical, objective and laboratory criteria. The severity of clinical course was associated with the severe and long-lasting symptoms, as well as with frequent bacterial and bacterial-fungal complications, with impaired quality of life and night sleep. The children were consulted by the specialists in otorhinolaryngology, hematology, pulmonology, surgery, ophthalmology, infectology, endocrinology, cardiology. Diagnoses according to nosological forms were made in accordance with the current clinical recommendations of Russian Ministry of Health. Our article presents data on concomitant infectious diseases and their impact on general condition and severity of hypersensitive responses. The average age of allergic manifestations in the group of children was 3.122.72 years. The average duration of the disease in the observed group was 7.50.88 years. The number of boys in our group prevailed (n = 56) by 1.6 times. Complicated heredity factors were reported by 15% of the patients parents. However, with careful collection of medical history taking, upon dynamic observation, the aggravated heredity on the mothers side was detected in 45.56% (n = 41), and on the fathers side, in 31.1% of cases (n = 28). In eight families, both parents suffered from allergic pathology, in siblings, 21.1% (n = 19) of the examined children had allergies. In the families, including grandparents, allergic pathology was reported in 56 cases (62.2%).
Almost all patients had problems with nasal breathing, 77 (85.6%) children with adenoid hypertrophy had a habit of breathing through the mouth. Postnasal drip syndrome was found in 78 cases. Allergic rhinitis with adenoid hypertrophy is, generally, accompanied by postnasal leakage, which can provoke aspiration bronchitis and pneumonia, especially if pathogenic or opportunistic flora is transferred to the nasal cavity and/or to the pharynx.
Conclusions: 1. Identification and rehabilitation of chronic foci of infection, bacterial, fungal, should be a necessary component of the personalized therapy of allergic pathology in children. 2. In cases of recurrent sowing or finding of pathogenic flora (iodophilic flora, fungi, coccal flora) in the coprogram, one should exclude not only transient lactase deficiency, but also congenital lactase deficiency, thus preventing development of enterocolitis in the future like as worsening of skin status and respiratory manifestations. 3. In case of severe respiratory viral infections in children during the period of adaptation for pre-school inst
{"title":"Concomitant infections in children with allergic pathology in the Kaliningrad region","authors":"Aishat Z. Markhaychuk, A. O. Pleshkova, A. C. Mun, A. G. Goncharov","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-13986-cii","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-13986-cii","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of our work was to study the structure and prevalence of the infectious syndrome in children from Kaliningrad Region with moderate-to-severe allergic pathology, with a complex manifestations of allergic reactions, both on skin and on the mucous membranes of the digestive and respiratory tract.
 Ninety children from 0 to 18 years old with various symptoms of allergic pathology were examined and included in the study group using standard clinical, objective and laboratory criteria. The severity of clinical course was associated with the severe and long-lasting symptoms, as well as with frequent bacterial and bacterial-fungal complications, with impaired quality of life and night sleep. The children were consulted by the specialists in otorhinolaryngology, hematology, pulmonology, surgery, ophthalmology, infectology, endocrinology, cardiology. Diagnoses according to nosological forms were made in accordance with the current clinical recommendations of Russian Ministry of Health. Our article presents data on concomitant infectious diseases and their impact on general condition and severity of hypersensitive responses. The average age of allergic manifestations in the group of children was 3.122.72 years. The average duration of the disease in the observed group was 7.50.88 years. The number of boys in our group prevailed (n = 56) by 1.6 times. Complicated heredity factors were reported by 15% of the patients parents. However, with careful collection of medical history taking, upon dynamic observation, the aggravated heredity on the mothers side was detected in 45.56% (n = 41), and on the fathers side, in 31.1% of cases (n = 28). In eight families, both parents suffered from allergic pathology, in siblings, 21.1% (n = 19) of the examined children had allergies. In the families, including grandparents, allergic pathology was reported in 56 cases (62.2%).
 Almost all patients had problems with nasal breathing, 77 (85.6%) children with adenoid hypertrophy had a habit of breathing through the mouth. Postnasal drip syndrome was found in 78 cases. Allergic rhinitis with adenoid hypertrophy is, generally, accompanied by postnasal leakage, which can provoke aspiration bronchitis and pneumonia, especially if pathogenic or opportunistic flora is transferred to the nasal cavity and/or to the pharynx.
 Conclusions: 1. Identification and rehabilitation of chronic foci of infection, bacterial, fungal, should be a necessary component of the personalized therapy of allergic pathology in children. 2. In cases of recurrent sowing or finding of pathogenic flora (iodophilic flora, fungi, coccal flora) in the coprogram, one should exclude not only transient lactase deficiency, but also congenital lactase deficiency, thus preventing development of enterocolitis in the future like as worsening of skin status and respiratory manifestations. 3. In case of severe respiratory viral infections in children during the period of adaptation for pre-school inst","PeriodicalId":21507,"journal":{"name":"Russian journal of immunology : RJI : official journal of Russian Society of Immunology","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136059457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-22DOI: 10.46235/1028-7221-13547-ibm
Kristina A. Yurova, I. K. Norkin, O. G. Khaziakhmatova, V. V. Malashchenko, O. B. Melashchenko, P. A. Ivanov, D. D. Ligatyuk, I. A. Khlusov, L. S. Litvinova
Bone tissue repair and regeneration is a complex process involving many cells and controlled by multiple factors. Immune cells and cytokines play a crucial role in regulating the balance of bone formation and resorption. However, the immunomodulatory mechanism of bone regeneration is still unclear. Nevertheless, the reciprocal regulatory influence of immunocompetent cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is well known. MSCs and immunocompetent cells secrete various cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix molecules that play important roles in regulating hematopoiesis, angiogenesis, immune and inflammatory responses. Several studies confirm that different molecules expressed by MSCs may induce lymphocyte proliferation. Therefore, the study of the mutual influence of MSCs and blood mononuclear cells during in vitro co-cultivation, even in the presence of an artificial matrix mimicking regenerating bone tissue, is relevant and expedient. In this experimental series, the studies were performed at the interface between living and non-living substrate phases thus mimicking the regenerating bone / hematopoietic microenvironment system. A series of separated in time experiments was performed on a plastic surface (2D culture model) and in the presence of three-dimensional artificial matrices mimicking regenerating bone tissue (3D culture model).
{"title":"Interaction between MSCS and blood mononuclear cells during <i>in vitro</i> co-cultivation in the presence of a three-dimensional artificial matrix mimicking regenerating bone tissue","authors":"Kristina A. Yurova, I. K. Norkin, O. G. Khaziakhmatova, V. V. Malashchenko, O. B. Melashchenko, P. A. Ivanov, D. D. Ligatyuk, I. A. Khlusov, L. S. Litvinova","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-13547-ibm","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-13547-ibm","url":null,"abstract":"Bone tissue repair and regeneration is a complex process involving many cells and controlled by multiple factors. Immune cells and cytokines play a crucial role in regulating the balance of bone formation and resorption. However, the immunomodulatory mechanism of bone regeneration is still unclear. Nevertheless, the reciprocal regulatory influence of immunocompetent cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is well known. MSCs and immunocompetent cells secrete various cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix molecules that play important roles in regulating hematopoiesis, angiogenesis, immune and inflammatory responses. Several studies confirm that different molecules expressed by MSCs may induce lymphocyte proliferation. Therefore, the study of the mutual influence of MSCs and blood mononuclear cells during in vitro co-cultivation, even in the presence of an artificial matrix mimicking regenerating bone tissue, is relevant and expedient. In this experimental series, the studies were performed at the interface between living and non-living substrate phases thus mimicking the regenerating bone / hematopoietic microenvironment system. A series of separated in time experiments was performed on a plastic surface (2D culture model) and in the presence of three-dimensional artificial matrices mimicking regenerating bone tissue (3D culture model).","PeriodicalId":21507,"journal":{"name":"Russian journal of immunology : RJI : official journal of Russian Society of Immunology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136059736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-22DOI: 10.46235/1028-7221-13992-isd
Marina N. Mitropanova, T. A. Ponomarenko, G. A. Chudilova, Yu. V. Teterin, V. N. Chapurina
The issues of treatment of purulent inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region (PMMA) are quite urgent, due to increasing number of such patients. Their clinical course is getting worse, and the efficiency of antibiotic therapy is decreasing. Clinical outcomes of purulent maxillofacial pathology in children are complicated by potential severe local deformities at the growth areas of the jaw bones which are difficult to eliminate. The number of cases of prolonged and chronic inflammatory processes, development of local and general complications is increased. The reason for these complications may be an impaired susceptibility to infectious agents, which is determined by the state of the immune system. Therefore, our aim was to reveal some features of immune functions in children with purulent-inflammatory diseases of maxillofacial area.
The study included a group of pediatric patients 8-17 years old with maxillofacial inflammatory diseases of the maxilla (the study group), and 13 conditionally healthy children (the comparison group). The contents of T cells (CD3+CD19-, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+), and В cells (CD3-CD19+), NK (CD3-CD16+CD56+) was determined using Cytomics FC-500 (Beckman Coulter, USA);concentrations of serum IgA, IgM, IgG were determined by ELISA technique (Vector-Best, Russia). Phagocytic activity of neutrophilic granulocytes (NG) was evaluated as percentage of actively phagocytic NGs, capturing processes were assessed by appropriate phagocytic indices, and the digestive activity was evaluated against S. aureus (strain 209).
Combined defects of immune response in children with maxillofacial hypertension were established: decrease of T lymphocytes contents along with decrease of T helpers and CTL ratio along with unchanged content of NK cells and B lymphocytes. Increase of IgA and IgG levels was also found. Defects of phagocytosis were revealed, primarily connected with the processes of completed phagocytosis and increased content of actively phagocytizing NG.
Treatment of children suffering with purulent inflammatory diseases of maxillofacial region is still an urgent problem in dentistry. The revealed dysfunction of immune response to pathogens in the purulent maxillofacial disorders may explain a prolonged clinical course of inflammatory processes, thus determining a need for usage of immunotropic therapy in complex treatment schedules including operative aid as well as conventional drug and physiotherapeutic treatment aiming for increase of rehabilitation efficiency and prevention of postoperative complications in these patients.
{"title":"Immune system dysfunction in purulent inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial area in pediatric patients","authors":"Marina N. Mitropanova, T. A. Ponomarenko, G. A. Chudilova, Yu. V. Teterin, V. N. Chapurina","doi":"10.46235/1028-7221-13992-isd","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-13992-isd","url":null,"abstract":"The issues of treatment of purulent inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region (PMMA) are quite urgent, due to increasing number of such patients. Their clinical course is getting worse, and the efficiency of antibiotic therapy is decreasing. Clinical outcomes of purulent maxillofacial pathology in children are complicated by potential severe local deformities at the growth areas of the jaw bones which are difficult to eliminate. The number of cases of prolonged and chronic inflammatory processes, development of local and general complications is increased. The reason for these complications may be an impaired susceptibility to infectious agents, which is determined by the state of the immune system. Therefore, our aim was to reveal some features of immune functions in children with purulent-inflammatory diseases of maxillofacial area.
 The study included a group of pediatric patients 8-17 years old with maxillofacial inflammatory diseases of the maxilla (the study group), and 13 conditionally healthy children (the comparison group). The contents of T cells (CD3+CD19-, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+), and В cells (CD3-CD19+), NK (CD3-CD16+CD56+) was determined using Cytomics FC-500 (Beckman Coulter, USA);concentrations of serum IgA, IgM, IgG were determined by ELISA technique (Vector-Best, Russia). Phagocytic activity of neutrophilic granulocytes (NG) was evaluated as percentage of actively phagocytic NGs, capturing processes were assessed by appropriate phagocytic indices, and the digestive activity was evaluated against S. aureus (strain 209).
 Combined defects of immune response in children with maxillofacial hypertension were established: decrease of T lymphocytes contents along with decrease of T helpers and CTL ratio along with unchanged content of NK cells and B lymphocytes. Increase of IgA and IgG levels was also found. Defects of phagocytosis were revealed, primarily connected with the processes of completed phagocytosis and increased content of actively phagocytizing NG.
 Treatment of children suffering with purulent inflammatory diseases of maxillofacial region is still an urgent problem in dentistry. The revealed dysfunction of immune response to pathogens in the purulent maxillofacial disorders may explain a prolonged clinical course of inflammatory processes, thus determining a need for usage of immunotropic therapy in complex treatment schedules including operative aid as well as conventional drug and physiotherapeutic treatment aiming for increase of rehabilitation efficiency and prevention of postoperative complications in these patients.","PeriodicalId":21507,"journal":{"name":"Russian journal of immunology : RJI : official journal of Russian Society of Immunology","volume":"424 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136061422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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