Stephani L. Clark Barkalow, Robert K. Dudley, Steven P. Platania, W. Howard Brandenburg, Mark C. McKinstry, Gary C. White
Water diversions worldwide may entrain or impinge fish and have population-level impacts, but barriers like fish screens can reduce such threats. Traditional barriers are ineffective in the San Juan River, USA, due to high sediment and debris loads, so the Hogback Diversion Canal, NM, employs a novel weir wall design to reduce entrainment of sub-adult and adult fishes. We evaluated the effectiveness of the weir wall in reducing the entrainment of larval fish using a combination of experimental and overnight trials. Larval fish densities were compared between the irrigation canal that delivers water to irrigators and subsequently entrains fish and the bypass canal that conveys water and fish back to the river. The density of hatchery-produced larval fish collected in the irrigation canal during the experimental trial (0.74 fish/m3) was 52% of their density in the bypass canal (1.43 fish/m3), suggesting entrainment reduction. The density of wild-produced larvae during overnight trials indicated some minor, mostly nonsignificant, differences between catch rates in irrigation and bypass canals, ontogenetic phases, and sampling dates. Though entrainment rates of wild-produced larvae were not significantly reduced, density differences among postflexion mesolarvae and metalarvae suggest possible entrainment reduction of more developed ontogenetic phases. More intensive research is necessary to better elucidate the efficacy of the novel weir wall for reducing the entrainment of larval fish. However, our larval fish results and the results from prior large-bodied entrainment studies suggest the novel weir wall may reduce fish entrainment in water diversions and benefit fluvial ecosystems in which traditional screens are unfeasible.
世界各地的引水工程都可能诱捕或撞击鱼类，对鱼类种群造成影响，但鱼筛等屏障可以减少此类威胁。在美国圣胡安河（San Juan River），由于沉积物和碎屑较多，传统的屏障不起作用，因此北卡罗来纳州的猪背引水渠（Hogback Diversion Canal）采用了新颖的堰墙设计，以减少亚成体和成鱼的缠绕。我们采用实验和隔夜试验相结合的方法，评估了堰墙在减少幼鱼夹带方面的效果。我们比较了向灌溉者供水并随后夹带鱼类的灌溉渠与将水和鱼类输送回河流的旁路渠之间的幼鱼密度。试验期间，在灌溉渠中收集到的孵化生产的幼鱼密度（0.74 条/立方米）是在旁通渠中收集到的幼鱼密度（1.43 条/立方米）的 52%，这表明夹带减少了。隔夜试验期间野生幼虫的密度表明，灌溉渠和旁通渠的捕获率、发育阶段和采样日期之间存在一些微小差异，但大多不显著。虽然野生幼虫的夹带率没有显著降低，但折叠后中极幼虫和金属幼虫的密度差异表明，发育较成熟的本体阶段的夹带率可能会降低。有必要开展更深入的研究，以更好地阐明新型堰壁在减少幼鱼夹带方面的功效。不过，我们对幼鱼的研究结果以及之前对大型鱼类的夹带研究结果表明，新型堰墙可能会减少引水过程中的鱼类夹带，并有利于那些无法采用传统筛网的河流生态系统。
{"title":"Assessing entrainment of larval fish in the Hogback Diversion Canal, San Juan River","authors":"Stephani L. Clark Barkalow, Robert K. Dudley, Steven P. Platania, W. Howard Brandenburg, Mark C. McKinstry, Gary C. White","doi":"10.1002/rra.4258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.4258","url":null,"abstract":"Water diversions worldwide may entrain or impinge fish and have population-level impacts, but barriers like fish screens can reduce such threats. Traditional barriers are ineffective in the San Juan River, USA, due to high sediment and debris loads, so the Hogback Diversion Canal, NM, employs a novel weir wall design to reduce entrainment of sub-adult and adult fishes. We evaluated the effectiveness of the weir wall in reducing the entrainment of larval fish using a combination of experimental and overnight trials. Larval fish densities were compared between the irrigation canal that delivers water to irrigators and subsequently entrains fish and the bypass canal that conveys water and fish back to the river. The density of hatchery-produced larval fish collected in the irrigation canal during the experimental trial (0.74 fish/m<sup>3</sup>) was 52% of their density in the bypass canal (1.43 fish/m<sup>3</sup>), suggesting entrainment reduction. The density of wild-produced larvae during overnight trials indicated some minor, mostly nonsignificant, differences between catch rates in irrigation and bypass canals, ontogenetic phases, and sampling dates. Though entrainment rates of wild-produced larvae were not significantly reduced, density differences among postflexion mesolarvae and metalarvae suggest possible entrainment reduction of more developed ontogenetic phases. More intensive research is necessary to better elucidate the efficacy of the novel weir wall for reducing the entrainment of larval fish. However, our larval fish results and the results from prior large-bodied entrainment studies suggest the novel weir wall may reduce fish entrainment in water diversions and benefit fluvial ecosystems in which traditional screens are unfeasible.","PeriodicalId":21513,"journal":{"name":"River Research and Applications","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139928100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Riley T. Henson, Douglas A. Edmonds, Eli D. Lazarus
The displacement of a river to a new position within its adjacent floodplain is called avulsion, and here we examine how a newly recognized style, called retrogradational avulsion, affects the surrounding floodplain in tropical rainforests using remote sensing. Retrogradational avulsions begin with a channel blockage that causes self-propagating upstream dechannelization and flooding. While this flooding results in vegetation die-off and floodplain sedimentation, few quantitative measurements of disturbance by retrogradational avulsions exist. Here, we first focus on land-cover change following a single retrogradational avulsion in Papua New Guinea from 2012 to 2021. During the avulsion, the river dechannelized 892 m upstream, and the parent channel width doubled. Using maximum likelihood image classification, we observed healthy vegetation fluctuated around 4.3 km2, vegetation regrowth peaked in 2017 at 3.2 km2, dead vegetation peaked in 2013 at 2.1 km2, and visible extent of deposited sediment was greatest in 2015 at 0.44 km2. We also examined 19 other retrogradational avulsions in Papua New Guinea and South America using NDVI. The area of floodplain disturbance (i.e., vegetation die-off and possible sedimentation) for each avulsion ranged from <1 to >13 km2 and scaled with the dechannelization area. Comparing our plan-view disturbance results with FABDEM digital-elevation data and ICESat-2 surface elevation measurements, we hypothesize floodplain disturbance extent is a function of topographic relief. Our results also suggest that retrogradational avulsions, on average, perturb larger areas of forest compared to blowdowns, suggesting this might be an important disturbance regime that influences gap-filling regeneration in tropical rainforests.
{"title":"Remotely sensed land-cover change and floodplain disturbance following upstream-migrating river avulsions in tropical rainforests","authors":"Riley T. Henson, Douglas A. Edmonds, Eli D. Lazarus","doi":"10.1002/rra.4256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.4256","url":null,"abstract":"The displacement of a river to a new position within its adjacent floodplain is called avulsion, and here we examine how a newly recognized style, called retrogradational avulsion, affects the surrounding floodplain in tropical rainforests using remote sensing. Retrogradational avulsions begin with a channel blockage that causes self-propagating upstream dechannelization and flooding. While this flooding results in vegetation die-off and floodplain sedimentation, few quantitative measurements of disturbance by retrogradational avulsions exist. Here, we first focus on land-cover change following a single retrogradational avulsion in Papua New Guinea from 2012 to 2021. During the avulsion, the river dechannelized 892 m upstream, and the parent channel width doubled. Using maximum likelihood image classification, we observed healthy vegetation fluctuated around 4.3 km<sup>2</sup>, vegetation regrowth peaked in 2017 at 3.2 km<sup>2</sup>, dead vegetation peaked in 2013 at 2.1 km<sup>2</sup>, and visible extent of deposited sediment was greatest in 2015 at 0.44 km<sup>2</sup>. We also examined 19 other retrogradational avulsions in Papua New Guinea and South America using NDVI. The area of floodplain disturbance (i.e., vegetation die-off and possible sedimentation) for each avulsion ranged from <1 to >13 km<sup>2</sup> and scaled with the dechannelization area. Comparing our plan-view disturbance results with FABDEM digital-elevation data and ICESat-2 surface elevation measurements, we hypothesize floodplain disturbance extent is a function of topographic relief. Our results also suggest that retrogradational avulsions, on average, perturb larger areas of forest compared to blowdowns, suggesting this might be an important disturbance regime that influences gap-filling regeneration in tropical rainforests.","PeriodicalId":21513,"journal":{"name":"River Research and Applications","volume":"175 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139925662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hal A. Beecher, Steven N. Boessow, Kiza K. Gates, James P. Losee, Riley Freeman, Gabriel M. Madel
In the face of a changing climate and increasing human demand for water, an understanding of habitat preference has become critical for managing wild fish populations and projecting potential changes in habitat and populations. Two approaches to Physical Habitat Simulation (PHABSIM) modeling of coastal cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii spawning habitat were compared by modeling a reach, consisting of eight transects covering a pool and upstream and downstream riffles, of a small Puget Sound stream with two sets of habitat variables. The reach contained a cluster of redds 2 years in a row, assumed to be an indication of preferred spawning habitat and was located in the area of maximum spawning in the watershed, based on multiple years of redd surveys. Two PHABSIM instream flow models of the study site, one based on standard microhabitat (depth [D], velocity [V], and substrate [S]) suitabilities and the other based on D, V, and channel unit (CU) suitabilities, were developed and compared for their relative ability to correctly predict coastal cutthroat trout spawning habitat selection at the redd cluster within the PHABSIM study site. One approach was the standard use of habitat suitability criteria (HSC) for D, V, and S to indicate spawning habitat quality. The alternate approach was to replace substrate HSC with CU index HSC that incorporated dominant substrate particle diameter, CU (riffle, deep and shallow pool tail, pool body, deep and shallow pool edge, cascade, waterfall, and terrestrial), where deep and shallow units were based on relative residual depth (RRD), size of CU relative to channel width, and position within CU. Spawning habitat quality was calculated for each transect as weighted usable width with the standard HSC metrics (WUWs) as well as the modified CU index (WUWm). WUWm at the transects bracketing the redd cluster exceeded WUWm at the remaining six transects and was outside the 95% confidence interval for WUWm at the remaining transects. In contrast, WUWs varied less between the redd cluster and the remainder of the transects, suggesting the CU index better reflected spawning habitat quality than substrate. Incorporation of elevation relative to SZF addressed vulnerability to declining flow during incubation. Both models resulted in maximum WUA within the range of discharges that coincided with the majority of fresh cutthroat trout redds in Skookum Creek.
面对不断变化的气候和人类对水资源日益增长的需求，了解栖息地的偏好对于管理野生鱼类种群以及预测栖息地和种群的潜在变化至关重要。对沿海切喉鳟产卵栖息地物理栖息地模拟（PHABSIM）的两种建模方法进行了比较，方法是用两组栖息地变量对普吉特海湾一条小溪的一个河段进行建模，该河段由八个横断面组成，涵盖一个水池和上下游溪流。根据多年的红点调查，该河段连续两年出现红点群，被认为是首选产卵栖息地的标志，且位于该流域产卵量最大的区域。在研究地点建立了两个 PHABSIM 流模型，一个是基于标准微生境（深度[D]、流速[V]和底质[S]）适宜性的模型，另一个是基于 D、V 和河道单元(CU)适宜性的模型，并比较了它们在正确预测 PHABSIM 研究地点红点处沿岸切喉鳟产卵生境选择方面的相对能力。一种方法是标准使用 D、V 和 S 的生境适宜性标准 (HSC) 来表示产卵生境的质量。另一种方法是用 CU 指数 HSC 取代底质 HSC，CU 指数 HSC 包括主要底质颗粒直径、CU（裂谷、深浅潭尾、潭体、深浅潭边、梯级、瀑布和陆地），其中深浅单位基于相对剩余深度 (RRD)、CU 相对于河道宽度的大小以及在 CU 中的位置。每个断面的产卵栖息地质量都是根据标准 HSC 指标（WUWs）和修正的 CU 指数（WUWm）加权可用宽度计算得出的。在包围红点群的横断面上，加权可用宽度（WUWm）超过了其余六个横断面上的加权可用宽度（WUWm），并且超出了其余横断面上加权可用宽度（WUWm）的 95% 置信区间。相比之下，红点群与其余横断面之间的 WUWs 变化较小，表明 CU 指数比底质更能反映产卵栖息地的质量。相对于 SZF 的海拔高度可解决孵化期间易受流量下降影响的问题。这两个模型都得出了斯库克姆溪中与大多数新鲜切喉鳟红点相吻合的排水量范围内的最大 WUA。
{"title":"Evaluation of alternative approaches to PHABSIM modeling of coastal cutthroat trout spawning habitat","authors":"Hal A. Beecher, Steven N. Boessow, Kiza K. Gates, James P. Losee, Riley Freeman, Gabriel M. Madel","doi":"10.1002/rra.4257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.4257","url":null,"abstract":"In the face of a changing climate and increasing human demand for water, an understanding of habitat preference has become critical for managing wild fish populations and projecting potential changes in habitat and populations. Two approaches to Physical Habitat Simulation (PHABSIM) modeling of coastal cutthroat trout <i>Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii</i> spawning habitat were compared by modeling a reach, consisting of eight transects covering a pool and upstream and downstream riffles, of a small Puget Sound stream with two sets of habitat variables. The reach contained a cluster of redds 2 years in a row, assumed to be an indication of preferred spawning habitat and was located in the area of maximum spawning in the watershed, based on multiple years of redd surveys. Two PHABSIM instream flow models of the study site, one based on standard microhabitat (depth [D], velocity [V], and substrate [S]) suitabilities and the other based on D, V, and channel unit (CU) suitabilities, were developed and compared for their relative ability to correctly predict coastal cutthroat trout spawning habitat selection at the redd cluster within the PHABSIM study site. One approach was the standard use of habitat suitability criteria (HSC) for D, V, and S to indicate spawning habitat quality. The alternate approach was to replace substrate HSC with CU index HSC that incorporated dominant substrate particle diameter, CU (riffle, deep and shallow pool tail, pool body, deep and shallow pool edge, cascade, waterfall, and terrestrial), where deep and shallow units were based on relative residual depth (RRD), size of CU relative to channel width, and position within CU. Spawning habitat quality was calculated for each transect as weighted usable width with the standard HSC metrics (WUW<sub>s</sub>) as well as the modified CU index (WUW<sub>m</sub>). WUW<sub>m</sub> at the transects bracketing the redd cluster exceeded WUW<sub>m</sub> at the remaining six transects and was outside the 95% confidence interval for WUW<sub>m</sub> at the remaining transects. In contrast, WUW<sub>s</sub> varied less between the redd cluster and the remainder of the transects, suggesting the CU index better reflected spawning habitat quality than substrate. Incorporation of elevation relative to SZF addressed vulnerability to declining flow during incubation. Both models resulted in maximum WUA within the range of discharges that coincided with the majority of fresh cutthroat trout redds in Skookum Creek.","PeriodicalId":21513,"journal":{"name":"River Research and Applications","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139925677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leonidas Vardakas, Nicholas Koutsikos, Elias Dimitriou, Theocharis Vavalidis, Petros Kouraklis, Eleni Kalogianni
Climate change is expected to increase the magnitude, frequency, and intensity of extreme natural phenomena such as droughts and floods. These events can have devastating impacts on aquatic biota, thus there is a dire need to assess species' natural dynamics and to incorporate them into species' conservation actions and flood management decisions. In September 2023, an extreme meteorological event (Storm Daniel) occurred over the eastern Mediterranean, causing unprecedented high flooding events in many streams and rivers of central Greece. Almost 2 months after the event, we investigated the effects of the storm on Salmo farioides in a high-altitude stream (Kraniotiko stream, Acheloos river basin) by comparing pre-flood (June and August 2023) with post-flood (October 2023) data on fish population abundances and size structure. Our results provide direct evidence that the population of S. farioides was almost wipedout from the investigated stream, as post-flood fish densities were 9.3% of the pre-flood data (August) densities. Small-sized individuals (6–10 cm) were extirpated, indicating a 99% decrease during the post-flood period, totally reversing the increasing trend observed from June to August (pre-flood period). In conclusion, the profound and rapid decline observed in the population of S. farioides following the extreme flooding event highlights the urgent need for proactive conservation measures and adaptive management strategies to safeguard vulnerable aquatic species in the face of escalating climate-related challenges.
{"title":"Short-term effects of Storm Daniel on Salmo farioides (Karaman, 1938) in a high-gradient stream","authors":"Leonidas Vardakas, Nicholas Koutsikos, Elias Dimitriou, Theocharis Vavalidis, Petros Kouraklis, Eleni Kalogianni","doi":"10.1002/rra.4254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.4254","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is expected to increase the magnitude, frequency, and intensity of extreme natural phenomena such as droughts and floods. These events can have devastating impacts on aquatic biota, thus there is a dire need to assess species' natural dynamics and to incorporate them into species' conservation actions and flood management decisions. In September 2023, an extreme meteorological event (Storm Daniel) occurred over the eastern Mediterranean, causing unprecedented high flooding events in many streams and rivers of central Greece. Almost 2 months after the event, we investigated the effects of the storm on <i>Salmo farioides</i> in a high-altitude stream (Kraniotiko stream, Acheloos river basin) by comparing pre-flood (June and August 2023) with post-flood (October 2023) data on fish population abundances and size structure. Our results provide direct evidence that the population of <i>S. farioides</i> was almost wipedout from the investigated stream, as post-flood fish densities were 9.3% of the pre-flood data (August) densities. Small-sized individuals (6–10 cm) were extirpated, indicating a 99% decrease during the post-flood period, totally reversing the increasing trend observed from June to August (pre-flood period). In conclusion, the profound and rapid decline observed in the population of <i>S. farioides</i> following the extreme flooding event highlights the urgent need for proactive conservation measures and adaptive management strategies to safeguard vulnerable aquatic species in the face of escalating climate-related challenges.","PeriodicalId":21513,"journal":{"name":"River Research and Applications","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139755021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stewart B. Rood, Gregory C. Hoffman, Norm Merz, Paul Anders, Rohan Benjankar, Michael Burke, Gregory Egger, Mary Louise Polzin, Scott Soults
Like most rivers worldwide, the transboundary North American Kootenay/i River has experienced multiple impacts including watershed developments, river channelization, and floodplain clearing, draining, and diking. Construction of Libby Dam was authorized by the 1964 Columbia River Treaty (CRT) between the United States and Canada, and in 1975 began regulating downstream flows for flood risk management and hydropower generation. Following cumulative impacts, the endemic Kootenai River White Sturgeon population collapsed and was designated as endangered in 1994 (U.S. Endangered Species Act). Subsequent Biological Opinions from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service prescribed Libby Dam operations to provide springtime flow pulses for sturgeon spawning. These provided the unanticipated benefit of substantial seedling recruitment of native and introduced riparian cottonwoods and willows. The regulated flow regime was further adaptively managed to provide a more normative (natural) regime, to balance ecological functions with flood risk management and hydropower generation. The broadened ecological considerations would be consistent with the proposed priorities for the modernization of the international CRT. The observed responses revealed that (1) diverse aquatic and riparian organisms are dependent on common river flow characteristics; (2) a normalized flow regime provided substantial ecological benefits; and (3) due to multiple influences, hybrid ecosystems develop along regulated rivers, with a blending of natural and altered processes and communities. For other regulated rivers, we recommend that (1) high springtime flows be allowed, as feasible; (2) followed by the gradual post-peak recession; and (3) the maintenance of sufficient flows through the warm and dry interval of mid to late summer.
与世界上大多数河流一样，跨境北美库特尼/伊河也经历了多重影响，包括流域开发、河道疏浚、洪泛区清理、排水和筑堤。1964 年美国和加拿大签订的《哥伦比亚河条约》（CRT）授权建造利比大坝，并于 1975 年开始调节下游水流，用于洪水风险管理和水力发电。在累积影响之后，库特奈河特有的白鲟种群崩溃，并于 1994 年被指定为濒危物种（美国《濒危物种法》）。随后，美国鱼类和野生动物管理局（U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service）的《生物意见书》（Biological Opinion）规定，利比大坝的运行要为鲟鱼产卵提供春季流量脉冲。这些措施带来了意想不到的好处，即本地和引进的河岸木棉树和柳树的幼苗得以大量繁殖。对调节流量系统进行了进一步的适应性管理，以提供更规范（自然）的系统，平衡生态功能与洪水风险管理和水力发电之间的关系。更广泛的生态考虑因素与提议的国际 CRT 现代化优先事项相一致。观察到的反应表明：(1) 多种多样的水生生物和河岸生物依赖于共同的河流水流特征；(2) 正常化的水流制度提供了大量的生态效益；(3) 由于受到多重影响，受管制河流沿岸形成了混合生态系统，自然过程和群落与改变过程和群落相互融合。对于其他受管制的河流，我们建议：(1) 在可行的情况下，允许春季高流量；(2) 随后在高峰后逐渐衰退；(3) 在夏中至夏末温暖干燥的间歇期保持足够的流量。
{"title":"Collateral benefits: River flow normalization for endangered fish enabled riparian rejuvenation","authors":"Stewart B. Rood, Gregory C. Hoffman, Norm Merz, Paul Anders, Rohan Benjankar, Michael Burke, Gregory Egger, Mary Louise Polzin, Scott Soults","doi":"10.1002/rra.4255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.4255","url":null,"abstract":"Like most rivers worldwide, the transboundary North American Kootenay/i River has experienced multiple impacts including watershed developments, river channelization, and floodplain clearing, draining, and diking. Construction of Libby Dam was authorized by the 1964 Columbia River Treaty (CRT) between the United States and Canada, and in 1975 began regulating downstream flows for flood risk management and hydropower generation. Following cumulative impacts, the endemic Kootenai River White Sturgeon population collapsed and was designated as endangered in 1994 (U.S. Endangered Species Act). Subsequent Biological Opinions from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service prescribed Libby Dam operations to provide springtime flow pulses for sturgeon spawning. These provided the unanticipated benefit of substantial seedling recruitment of native and introduced riparian cottonwoods and willows. The regulated flow regime was further adaptively managed to provide a more normative (natural) regime, to balance ecological functions with flood risk management and hydropower generation. The broadened ecological considerations would be consistent with the proposed priorities for the modernization of the international CRT. The observed responses revealed that (1) diverse aquatic and riparian organisms are dependent on common river flow characteristics; (2) a normalized flow regime provided substantial ecological benefits; and (3) due to multiple influences, hybrid ecosystems develop along regulated rivers, with a blending of natural and altered processes and communities. For other regulated rivers, we recommend that (1) high springtime flows be allowed, as feasible; (2) followed by the gradual post-peak recession; and (3) the maintenance of sufficient flows through the warm and dry interval of mid to late summer.","PeriodicalId":21513,"journal":{"name":"River Research and Applications","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139755020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The native Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri; YCT) of Yellowstone Lake, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA, comprise a metapopulation that inhabits an ecologically simple and uniquely pristine environment. A recent study Bayesian fit an age-structured Leslie model that had a local climate index (total annual mean-daily air temperatures >0°C at the lake's north shore) as its only driver (regulating age-0 YCT survival) to data for a key YCT spawning stock (median fish age, 5 years) from 1977 to 1992, before predation from an illegally introduced and growing lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) population (1994 discovery) measurably affected YCT population dynamics. Results showed the new climate regime that began in the late 1970s had an overarching effect and largely explained declining spawning runs, although a growing predation effect became evident near lake trout discovery and quickly became the major YCT population driver. In the present study, that model was likewise fitted to estimated abundances of age-5 YCT (~75% mature) that had been annually (also 1977–1992) gill-netted from Yellowstone Lake and thus characterized the metapopulation. Results showed age-0 YCT survival declined when a climate index of 1440 was reached and exceeded. Metapopulation recovery to historically high levels requires that the climate index decline to and remain near or below 1440 and—as shown by another recent study—that the lake trout population be reduced to its mid-1990s levels. The most recent time of evident YCT metapopulation persistence at historically high levels and broadest spatial extent occurred under those simultaneous conditions.
{"title":"Onset of climate-change impact on the renowned Oncorhynchus metapopulation of Yellowstone Lake revealed by Leslie modeling of annual gill-net catches","authors":"Lynn R. Kaeding","doi":"10.1002/rra.4249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.4249","url":null,"abstract":"The native Yellowstone cutthroat trout (<i>Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri</i>; YCT) of Yellowstone Lake, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA, comprise a metapopulation that inhabits an ecologically simple and uniquely pristine environment. A recent study Bayesian fit an age-structured Leslie model that had a local climate index (total annual mean-daily air temperatures >0°C at the lake's north shore) as its only driver (regulating age-0 YCT survival) to data for a key YCT spawning stock (median fish age, 5 years) from 1977 to 1992, before predation from an illegally introduced and growing lake trout (<i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>) population (1994 discovery) measurably affected YCT population dynamics. Results showed the new climate regime that began in the late 1970s had an overarching effect and largely explained declining spawning runs, although a growing predation effect became evident near lake trout discovery and quickly became the major YCT population driver. In the present study, that model was likewise fitted to estimated abundances of age-5 YCT (~75% mature) that had been annually (also 1977–1992) gill-netted from Yellowstone Lake and thus characterized the metapopulation. Results showed age-0 YCT survival declined when a climate index of 1440 was reached and exceeded. Metapopulation recovery to historically high levels requires that the climate index decline to and remain near or below 1440 and—as shown by another recent study—that the lake trout population be reduced to its mid-1990s levels. The most recent time of evident YCT metapopulation persistence at historically high levels and broadest spatial extent occurred under those simultaneous conditions.","PeriodicalId":21513,"journal":{"name":"River Research and Applications","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139754875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beth Mondon, David A. Sear, Adrian L. Collins, Peter J. Shaw, Tim Sykes
Elevated fine sediment accumulation in a river system's gravel bed is known to cause detrimental ecological impacts. Current sediment targets and approaches to mitigation have failed due to the oversimplification of geomorphological processes controlling fine sediment accumulation and the lack of relevant scientific knowledge underpinning them. This is particularly apparent in chalk streams (groundwater-dominated systems) which regularly exhibit high rates of sediment accumulation despite low suspended sediment yields. A necessary first step is to better characterise their sedimentology; thus, the novelty of this study was to determine the sedimentological characteristics of chalk stream gravel beds, specifically the quantity and distribution of fine sediment with depth. We collated published and unpublished freeze-core data, encompassing 90 sites across 11 UK chalk streams. Results showed average quantities of fine sediment (<2 mm) in chalk stream gravel beds were 25% by weight, with >75% of beds exceeding thresholds for ecological degradation. Quantities of fine sediment increased with increasing depth into the bed, with an average increase between surface and subsurface layers of 54%, and 89% of the gravel bed over-saturated with fine sediment. Regional differences were attributed to differences in stream power and local sediment sources, including surficial geology and catchment land use. Additionally, a major contrast was identified between experimental conditions in flume studies used to establish models describing interactions/mechanisms of fine sediment infiltration into immobile gravel beds and the natural conditions observed in chalk streams. As such, the use of such models as a basis to explore sediment management scenarios is unlikely to predict the outcome of such management techniques correctly in a real-world situation.
{"title":"The sedimentology of gravel beds in groundwater-dominated chalk streams: Implications for sediment modelling and management","authors":"Beth Mondon, David A. Sear, Adrian L. Collins, Peter J. Shaw, Tim Sykes","doi":"10.1002/rra.4250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.4250","url":null,"abstract":"Elevated fine sediment accumulation in a river system's gravel bed is known to cause detrimental ecological impacts. Current sediment targets and approaches to mitigation have failed due to the oversimplification of geomorphological processes controlling fine sediment accumulation and the lack of relevant scientific knowledge underpinning them. This is particularly apparent in chalk streams (groundwater-dominated systems) which regularly exhibit high rates of sediment accumulation despite low suspended sediment yields. A necessary first step is to better characterise their sedimentology; thus, the novelty of this study was to determine the sedimentological characteristics of chalk stream gravel beds, specifically the quantity and distribution of fine sediment with depth. We collated published and unpublished freeze-core data, encompassing 90 sites across 11 UK chalk streams. Results showed average quantities of fine sediment (<2 mm) in chalk stream gravel beds were 25% by weight, with >75% of beds exceeding thresholds for ecological degradation. Quantities of fine sediment increased with increasing depth into the bed, with an average increase between surface and subsurface layers of 54%, and 89% of the gravel bed over-saturated with fine sediment. Regional differences were attributed to differences in stream power and local sediment sources, including surficial geology and catchment land use. Additionally, a major contrast was identified between experimental conditions in flume studies used to establish models describing interactions/mechanisms of fine sediment infiltration into immobile gravel beds and the natural conditions observed in chalk streams. As such, the use of such models as a basis to explore sediment management scenarios is unlikely to predict the outcome of such management techniques correctly in a real-world situation.","PeriodicalId":21513,"journal":{"name":"River Research and Applications","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139773107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article investigates the performance and accuracy of continuous Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) position tracking for hydromorphological surveys, based on a comprehensive river restoration monitoring campaign. The aim of the research was to assess the method's suitability for efficient data collection in turbid, wadable rivers with sparse canopy conditions, and responds to the water management sector's increasing demand for efficient, low-cost, and robust survey techniques. The methodological approach involved comparing manual, cross-sectional water depth measurements to water depth estimations obtained by applying different interpolation methods to the continuous tracking data. The results demonstrate good agreement between both datasets (R2 = 0.77, RMSE = 0.13 m). When using a local standard deviation filter to remove noisy RTK-GNSS measurements, estimation performance increased significantly (R2 = 0.96, RMSE = 0.06 m). The filter's influence on the hydromorphological habitat statistics mean water depth and coefficient of variation was limited but proved to be relevant for reach-scale assessments of hydromorphological diversity. Based on a correlation analysis of >106 RTK-GNSS position logs, we furthermore assessed the impact of tree canopy on RTK-GNSS measurement accuracy and observed a strong influence within 6.5 m from the canopy border. Estimated accuracy deteriorated noticeably when canopy penetration exceeded 1 m, and accuracies >1 m were common beyond 4 m penetration. The study highlights the efficiency gains achieved with RTK-GNSS tracking, and showcases its potential for hydromorphological surveys and streamgaging applications in challenging conditions, making it a promising alternative to traditional methods and remote sensing techniques.
{"title":"Performance and accuracy of cross-section tracking methods for hydromorphological habitat assessment in wadable rivers with sparse canopy conditions","authors":"Robin Schroff, Giovanni De Cesare, Paolo Perona","doi":"10.1002/rra.4252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.4252","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the performance and accuracy of continuous Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) position tracking for hydromorphological surveys, based on a comprehensive river restoration monitoring campaign. The aim of the research was to assess the method's suitability for efficient data collection in turbid, wadable rivers with sparse canopy conditions, and responds to the water management sector's increasing demand for efficient, low-cost, and robust survey techniques. The methodological approach involved comparing manual, cross-sectional water depth measurements to water depth estimations obtained by applying different interpolation methods to the continuous tracking data. The results demonstrate good agreement between both datasets (R2 = 0.77, RMSE = 0.13 m). When using a local standard deviation filter to remove noisy RTK-GNSS measurements, estimation performance increased significantly (R2 = 0.96, RMSE = 0.06 m). The filter's influence on the hydromorphological habitat statistics mean water depth and coefficient of variation was limited but proved to be relevant for reach-scale assessments of hydromorphological diversity. Based on a correlation analysis of >10<sup>6</sup> RTK-GNSS position logs, we furthermore assessed the impact of tree canopy on RTK-GNSS measurement accuracy and observed a strong influence within 6.5 m from the canopy border. Estimated accuracy deteriorated noticeably when canopy penetration exceeded 1 m, and accuracies >1 m were common beyond 4 m penetration. The study highlights the efficiency gains achieved with RTK-GNSS tracking, and showcases its potential for hydromorphological surveys and streamgaging applications in challenging conditions, making it a promising alternative to traditional methods and remote sensing techniques.","PeriodicalId":21513,"journal":{"name":"River Research and Applications","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139773093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrea K. Fritts, Daniel K. Gibson-Reinemer, Brent C. Knights, Amanda S. Milde, Jessica C. Stanton, Marybeth K. Brey, Douglas S. Appel, Aaron R. Cupp, Sara J. Tripp, James T. Lamer, Mark W. Fritts
Fish movements in regulated rivers can be challenging to study because anthropogenic modifications, such as locks and dams, can influence animal behavior. Upper Mississippi River Lock and Dam 19 (LD 19), for example, is an invasive carp movement bottleneck due to an impassable dam. Upstream fish passage at LD19 is restricted to the lock chamber, making it an optimal location to test invasive fish deterrents that could limit further range expansion. Evaluating the effectiveness of experimental deterrents requires baseline knowledge of fish movements and suitable sample sizes of fish encountering the deterrents to ensure adequate statistical power. Some evidence indicates fish with prior upstream experience may return upstream or challenge potential deterrents at a higher rate than fish without such experience. To test how previous upstream experience could increase the rate at which fish moved upstream through a navigation lock chamber, we compared upstream passage through LD 19 using bigheaded carp captured below the dam (downstream-origin) and two groups of bigheaded carp captured upstream from the dam: those that swam downstream on their own volition (upstream-origin fish) and those that were captured upstream and translocated downstream of LD 19 (translocated upstream-origin). Translocated upstream-origin carp demonstrated the highest rate of upstream passage, with 59% of the fish detected downstream from LD 19 passing upstream during our study. In contrast, downstream-origin carp made no upstream passages over 2 years. Fish origin was shown to influence upstream passage success. This may be an important consideration for fish passage studies and deterrent evaluations.
{"title":"Upstream experience and experimental translocation of invasive bigheaded carps results in increased upstream passage success at a navigation lock in a large river","authors":"Andrea K. Fritts, Daniel K. Gibson-Reinemer, Brent C. Knights, Amanda S. Milde, Jessica C. Stanton, Marybeth K. Brey, Douglas S. Appel, Aaron R. Cupp, Sara J. Tripp, James T. Lamer, Mark W. Fritts","doi":"10.1002/rra.4253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.4253","url":null,"abstract":"Fish movements in regulated rivers can be challenging to study because anthropogenic modifications, such as locks and dams, can influence animal behavior. Upper Mississippi River Lock and Dam 19 (LD 19), for example, is an invasive carp movement bottleneck due to an impassable dam. Upstream fish passage at LD19 is restricted to the lock chamber, making it an optimal location to test invasive fish deterrents that could limit further range expansion. Evaluating the effectiveness of experimental deterrents requires baseline knowledge of fish movements and suitable sample sizes of fish encountering the deterrents to ensure adequate statistical power. Some evidence indicates fish with prior upstream experience may return upstream or challenge potential deterrents at a higher rate than fish without such experience. To test how previous upstream experience could increase the rate at which fish moved upstream through a navigation lock chamber, we compared upstream passage through LD 19 using bigheaded carp captured below the dam (downstream-origin) and two groups of bigheaded carp captured upstream from the dam: those that swam downstream on their own volition (upstream-origin fish) and those that were captured upstream and translocated downstream of LD 19 (translocated upstream-origin). Translocated upstream-origin carp demonstrated the highest rate of upstream passage, with 59% of the fish detected downstream from LD 19 passing upstream during our study. In contrast, downstream-origin carp made no upstream passages over 2 years. Fish origin was shown to influence upstream passage success. This may be an important consideration for fish passage studies and deterrent evaluations.","PeriodicalId":21513,"journal":{"name":"River Research and Applications","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139773083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rachel E. Spahr, Jeffrey A. Lazar, Bartosz P. Grudzinski, Thomas J. Fisher
Elevated nutrient and suspended sediment concentrations often result in negative environmental impacts within freshwater environments. Studies that directly compare suspended sediment and bioavailable nutrients between predominantly agricultural and predominantly urban watersheds during baseflow conditions are largely lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine the impacts of land cover, stream discharge, and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) discharge on nutrient and sediment concentrations, across a large land cover gradient in Southwest Ohio streams. Weekly baseflow samples were collected from eight streams over 1 year from November, 2016 through November, 2017. Total suspended sediment, nitrate, and phosphate concentrations were measured. Results indicate that agricultural land cover and WWTPs increase nitrate and phosphate concentrations in the study area. Total suspended sediment and nitrate concentrations increased with discharge, and discharge was a relatively weak predictor of phosphate concentrations. Seasonal water quality trends varied by parameter and land use also had unique impacts on seasonal water quality trends. Results suggest that to improve water quality in the study area, efforts should focus on improving WWTP effluent treatment and agricultural land management.
{"title":"Land cover, stream discharge, and wastewater effluent impacts on baseflow sediment and nutrient concentrations in SW Ohio streams","authors":"Rachel E. Spahr, Jeffrey A. Lazar, Bartosz P. Grudzinski, Thomas J. Fisher","doi":"10.1002/rra.4248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.4248","url":null,"abstract":"Elevated nutrient and suspended sediment concentrations often result in negative environmental impacts within freshwater environments. Studies that directly compare suspended sediment and bioavailable nutrients between predominantly agricultural and predominantly urban watersheds during baseflow conditions are largely lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine the impacts of land cover, stream discharge, and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) discharge on nutrient and sediment concentrations, across a large land cover gradient in Southwest Ohio streams. Weekly baseflow samples were collected from eight streams over 1 year from November, 2016 through November, 2017. Total suspended sediment, nitrate, and phosphate concentrations were measured. Results indicate that agricultural land cover and WWTPs increase nitrate and phosphate concentrations in the study area. Total suspended sediment and nitrate concentrations increased with discharge, and discharge was a relatively weak predictor of phosphate concentrations. Seasonal water quality trends varied by parameter and land use also had unique impacts on seasonal water quality trends. Results suggest that to improve water quality in the study area, efforts should focus on improving WWTP effluent treatment and agricultural land management.","PeriodicalId":21513,"journal":{"name":"River Research and Applications","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139755019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：