Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.1186/s41606-023-00091-3
Kuniyuki Niijima, Masakazu Wakai
Abstract Introduction Narcolepsy is a chronic brain disease characterized by excessive sleepiness and classified into two types based on the presence of cataplexy or reduced level of cerebrospinal fluid orexin-A (hypocretine-1): narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) and narcolepsy type 2 (NT2). These two types differ in symptoms other than cataplexy, as well as in certain examination findings. The present study aimed to investigate the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of NT1 by comparing its features with those of NT2. Methods Subjects were 118 first diagnosed and untreated patients with narcolepsy. They underwent both polysomnography (PSG) and multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) as a sleep test. Diagnosis was established in accordance with International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Third Edition, and the type of narcolepsy was determined by the presence or absence of cataplexy, patients with cataplexy were diagnosed with NT1, and without cataplexy were diagnosed with NT2. We investigated characteristics of the patients, PSG and MSLT outcomes, and applied a suite of duly statistical analysis to account for each parameter. Results Among the 118 subjects, 35 patients (29.7%) were NT1, and 83 patients (70.3%) were NT2. Excessive daytime sleepiness which was measured by Japanese version of Epworth sleepiness scale (JESS) was significantly higher in NT1 than NT2. Furthermore, the presence of sleep hallucination ( n = 29, 82.9%), sleep paralysis ( n = 18, 51.4%), difficult maintaining sleep ( n = 22, 62.9%), and sleep related movement and behavior disorders ( n = 7, 20.0%) were significantly higher in NT1 than those in NT2. Additionally, parameters indicative of sleep fragmentation, such as the arousal index and wake time after sleep onset measured in PSG, exhibited a statistically significant increase in NT1 when contrasted with NT2. Conclusions Fragmentation of nocturnal sleep which is explained by the high arousal index and the long wake time after sleep onset on PSG was considered a characteristic finding of NT1 compared with NT2, and the patients with NT1 experienced greater difficulty of maintaining sleep. Concomitantly, the prevalence of NT1 in this study may be a representative value of the prevalence of NT1 among the patients with narcolepsy in Japan.
{"title":"Comparison of the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics between type 1 and type 2 narcolepsy: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Kuniyuki Niijima, Masakazu Wakai","doi":"10.1186/s41606-023-00091-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41606-023-00091-3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction Narcolepsy is a chronic brain disease characterized by excessive sleepiness and classified into two types based on the presence of cataplexy or reduced level of cerebrospinal fluid orexin-A (hypocretine-1): narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) and narcolepsy type 2 (NT2). These two types differ in symptoms other than cataplexy, as well as in certain examination findings. The present study aimed to investigate the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of NT1 by comparing its features with those of NT2. Methods Subjects were 118 first diagnosed and untreated patients with narcolepsy. They underwent both polysomnography (PSG) and multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) as a sleep test. Diagnosis was established in accordance with International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Third Edition, and the type of narcolepsy was determined by the presence or absence of cataplexy, patients with cataplexy were diagnosed with NT1, and without cataplexy were diagnosed with NT2. We investigated characteristics of the patients, PSG and MSLT outcomes, and applied a suite of duly statistical analysis to account for each parameter. Results Among the 118 subjects, 35 patients (29.7%) were NT1, and 83 patients (70.3%) were NT2. Excessive daytime sleepiness which was measured by Japanese version of Epworth sleepiness scale (JESS) was significantly higher in NT1 than NT2. Furthermore, the presence of sleep hallucination ( n = 29, 82.9%), sleep paralysis ( n = 18, 51.4%), difficult maintaining sleep ( n = 22, 62.9%), and sleep related movement and behavior disorders ( n = 7, 20.0%) were significantly higher in NT1 than those in NT2. Additionally, parameters indicative of sleep fragmentation, such as the arousal index and wake time after sleep onset measured in PSG, exhibited a statistically significant increase in NT1 when contrasted with NT2. Conclusions Fragmentation of nocturnal sleep which is explained by the high arousal index and the long wake time after sleep onset on PSG was considered a characteristic finding of NT1 compared with NT2, and the patients with NT1 experienced greater difficulty of maintaining sleep. Concomitantly, the prevalence of NT1 in this study may be a representative value of the prevalence of NT1 among the patients with narcolepsy in Japan.","PeriodicalId":21632,"journal":{"name":"Sleep Science and Practice","volume":"99 24","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135092036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-21DOI: 10.1186/s41606-023-00090-4
Nawaf W. Alruwaili, Nasser Alqahtani, Maryam H. Alanazi, Bushra S. Alanazi, Meznah S. Aljrbua, Othman M. Gatar
Abstract Sleep quality and its effects have become a public concern over the last few years. While the prevalence of sleep disorders was increasing, several studies have linked diet and physical activity as a cause of it. Indeed, many people complain about their sleeping problems without considering their lifestyle as a cause. This leads the efforts to focus on these principal factors and find their specific effect. The study aims to map out the research on the effect of nutrition and physical activity on sleep quality. The literature search was conducted in electronic libraries and databases related to nutrition and medical literature – Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect– using relevant selected keywords. Article inclusion and selection were made by excluding duplicates, analyzing titles and abstracts, and reviewing the articles’ full text. This review included 61 articles. This literature study reinforces the importance of researching sleep and the lifestyle contributors to poor sleep, such as physical activity and nutrition.
{"title":"The effect of nutrition and physical activity on sleep quality among adults: a scoping review","authors":"Nawaf W. Alruwaili, Nasser Alqahtani, Maryam H. Alanazi, Bushra S. Alanazi, Meznah S. Aljrbua, Othman M. Gatar","doi":"10.1186/s41606-023-00090-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41606-023-00090-4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sleep quality and its effects have become a public concern over the last few years. While the prevalence of sleep disorders was increasing, several studies have linked diet and physical activity as a cause of it. Indeed, many people complain about their sleeping problems without considering their lifestyle as a cause. This leads the efforts to focus on these principal factors and find their specific effect. The study aims to map out the research on the effect of nutrition and physical activity on sleep quality. The literature search was conducted in electronic libraries and databases related to nutrition and medical literature – Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect– using relevant selected keywords. Article inclusion and selection were made by excluding duplicates, analyzing titles and abstracts, and reviewing the articles’ full text. This review included 61 articles. This literature study reinforces the importance of researching sleep and the lifestyle contributors to poor sleep, such as physical activity and nutrition.","PeriodicalId":21632,"journal":{"name":"Sleep Science and Practice","volume":"67 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135510789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.1186/s41606-023-00089-x
Pierre-Philippe Luyet, Antonio Olivieri, Guy Braunstein
Abstract Background Improving daytime functioning is a key treatment goal for patients with insomnia disorder. In a phase 3 study, using the Insomnia Daytime Symptoms and Impacts Questionnaire (IDSIQ), daridorexant 50 mg significantly improved daytime functioning in adults with insomnia, as well as sleep parameters. These data are further analyzed to evaluate the clinically meaningful changes in IDSIQ scores at weekly intervals and investigate the correlation between the effects of daridorexant on daytime functioning and on sleep quality and quantity. Methods Nine hundred thirty patients with insomnia randomized to daridorexant 25 mg ( n = 310), 50 mg ( n = 310) or placebo ( n = 310) for 12 weeks were analyzed, with focus on daridorexant 50 mg and placebo. Patients recorded daily their daytime functioning using the IDSIQ and their self-reported total sleep time (sTST) and sleep quality using a sleep diary questionnaire; weekly mean changes from baseline were calculated. A clinically meaningful improvement (‘response’) at a given week was defined as a ≥ 20-point decrease in IDSIQ total score from baseline. Results Weekly responder rates increased over time in both groups but were consistently higher each week with daridorexant. Overall, 53% ( n = 165/310) of patients in the daridorexant 50 mg group perceived a response for ≥ 1 week versus 41% in the placebo group ( n = 126/310). This response, which could be achieved at any time during the 12 weeks of the study, was more often continuous on daridorexant and more often intermittent on placebo. Time-to-first response was significantly different between daridorexant and placebo (hazard ratio 1.55; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.22, 1.97; p = 0.0003) with shorter time observed in daridorexant. Patient perception of the response also lasted longer on daridorexant than placebo (mean number of continuous responder weeks; 9.2 vs. 7.9 respectively). A decrease in IDSIQ total score was correlated with an increase in sTST and sleep quality and a decrease in morning sleepiness, from Week 1 onwards. Conclusion Patients with insomnia are more likely to perceive a clinically meaningful improvement in their daytime functioning each week with daridorexant 50 mg than placebo. The response, which can fluctuate over time, is also perceived earlier and sustained for longer than placebo. The correlations between improved daytime functioning and improved sleep quantity and quality support the benefits of daridorexant on both the night and daytime symptoms in patients with insomnia disorder. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03545191.
{"title":"Understanding daytime functioning in insomnia: responder and correlation analyses in patients treated with daridorexant","authors":"Pierre-Philippe Luyet, Antonio Olivieri, Guy Braunstein","doi":"10.1186/s41606-023-00089-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41606-023-00089-x","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Improving daytime functioning is a key treatment goal for patients with insomnia disorder. In a phase 3 study, using the Insomnia Daytime Symptoms and Impacts Questionnaire (IDSIQ), daridorexant 50 mg significantly improved daytime functioning in adults with insomnia, as well as sleep parameters. These data are further analyzed to evaluate the clinically meaningful changes in IDSIQ scores at weekly intervals and investigate the correlation between the effects of daridorexant on daytime functioning and on sleep quality and quantity. Methods Nine hundred thirty patients with insomnia randomized to daridorexant 25 mg ( n = 310), 50 mg ( n = 310) or placebo ( n = 310) for 12 weeks were analyzed, with focus on daridorexant 50 mg and placebo. Patients recorded daily their daytime functioning using the IDSIQ and their self-reported total sleep time (sTST) and sleep quality using a sleep diary questionnaire; weekly mean changes from baseline were calculated. A clinically meaningful improvement (‘response’) at a given week was defined as a ≥ 20-point decrease in IDSIQ total score from baseline. Results Weekly responder rates increased over time in both groups but were consistently higher each week with daridorexant. Overall, 53% ( n = 165/310) of patients in the daridorexant 50 mg group perceived a response for ≥ 1 week versus 41% in the placebo group ( n = 126/310). This response, which could be achieved at any time during the 12 weeks of the study, was more often continuous on daridorexant and more often intermittent on placebo. Time-to-first response was significantly different between daridorexant and placebo (hazard ratio 1.55; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.22, 1.97; p = 0.0003) with shorter time observed in daridorexant. Patient perception of the response also lasted longer on daridorexant than placebo (mean number of continuous responder weeks; 9.2 vs. 7.9 respectively). A decrease in IDSIQ total score was correlated with an increase in sTST and sleep quality and a decrease in morning sleepiness, from Week 1 onwards. Conclusion Patients with insomnia are more likely to perceive a clinically meaningful improvement in their daytime functioning each week with daridorexant 50 mg than placebo. The response, which can fluctuate over time, is also perceived earlier and sustained for longer than placebo. The correlations between improved daytime functioning and improved sleep quantity and quality support the benefits of daridorexant on both the night and daytime symptoms in patients with insomnia disorder. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03545191.","PeriodicalId":21632,"journal":{"name":"Sleep Science and Practice","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135014223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-21DOI: 10.1186/s41606-023-00087-z
Emily Kasurak, E. Hawken, D. Kolar, R. Jokic
{"title":"Gender differences in obstructive sleep apnea with comorbid treatment-resistant depression","authors":"Emily Kasurak, E. Hawken, D. Kolar, R. Jokic","doi":"10.1186/s41606-023-00087-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41606-023-00087-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21632,"journal":{"name":"Sleep Science and Practice","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81524273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-15DOI: 10.1186/s41606-023-00086-0
M. Eissa, A. Bhatia, S. Bansal, T. Renna, M. McLoone, J. Stinson, F. Campbell, Stephen D Brown, Sarah Sheffe, Yen Shuang Law, Kawalpreet Singh, Rachael Bosma, Mandeep Singh
{"title":"Impairment in sleep health in young adults with chronic pain: a modifiable risk factor","authors":"M. Eissa, A. Bhatia, S. Bansal, T. Renna, M. McLoone, J. Stinson, F. Campbell, Stephen D Brown, Sarah Sheffe, Yen Shuang Law, Kawalpreet Singh, Rachael Bosma, Mandeep Singh","doi":"10.1186/s41606-023-00086-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41606-023-00086-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21632,"journal":{"name":"Sleep Science and Practice","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80892537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-24DOI: 10.1186/s41606-023-00085-1
Matthew E. Hirschtritt, Matthew P. Walker, A. Krystal
{"title":"Sleep as a vital sign","authors":"Matthew E. Hirschtritt, Matthew P. Walker, A. Krystal","doi":"10.1186/s41606-023-00085-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41606-023-00085-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21632,"journal":{"name":"Sleep Science and Practice","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73221579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-24DOI: 10.1186/s41606-023-00084-2
Hiromitsu Tabata, M. Kinoshita, M. Taniguchi, Motoharu Ooi
{"title":"Clinical application of headache impact test (HIT)-6 and epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) for sleep apnea headache","authors":"Hiromitsu Tabata, M. Kinoshita, M. Taniguchi, Motoharu Ooi","doi":"10.1186/s41606-023-00084-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41606-023-00084-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21632,"journal":{"name":"Sleep Science and Practice","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74250688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From good sleep to health and to quality of life – a path analysis of determinants of sleep quality of working adults in Abu Dhabi","authors":"M. Badri, Mugheer Alkhaili, Hamad Aldhaheri, Guang Yang, Muna Albahar, Asma Alrashdi","doi":"10.1186/s41606-023-00083-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41606-023-00083-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21632,"journal":{"name":"Sleep Science and Practice","volume":"53 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91358589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1186/s41606-023-00088-y
Caroline Dodson, Karen Spruyt, Ciaran Considine, Emily Thompson, Osman S Ipsiroglu, Kanika Bagai, Rosalia Silvestri, Barbara Couvadelli, Arthur S Walters
Introduction: Patients with either Idiopathic Hypersomnia or Narcolepsy demonstrate excessive daytime somnolence (EDS) with resultant inattention mimicking Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Patients with ADHD also often express sleep problems including EDS. Thus, patients with ADHD and patients with idiopathic hypersomnia or narcolepsy may share inattention and daytime drowsiness as common features. However, it is not known whether EDS patients with idiopathic hypersomnia or narcolepsy also have increased movement (hyperactivity) like ADHD patients, the determination of which is the purpose of this study.
Methods: We studied 12 patients (7 Narcolepsy type 2 and 5 Idiopathic Hypersomnia) with EDS as shown by Multiple Sleep Latency Test which served as the gold standard for entry into the study. Twelve subjects without symptoms of EDS served as the control group. None of the participants had a previous history of ADHD. Each participant underwent a one-hour session laying at 45 degrees with surveys about the need to move and actigraphy as an objective measure of movement.
Results: Sleep-disordered patients with EDS reported more symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity on the ADHD Self-Report Scale. At each of the time points patients with EDS had a clear trend to express the need to move more than controls on the Suggested Immobilization Test (SIT). For the total 60 minutes, a large effect size for the need to move during the SIT test was found between patients and controls (Cohen's d = 0.61, p=0.01). Patients with EDS did not express a need to move more to combat drowsiness than controls, nor did actigraphy show any difference in objective movement between patients and controls during the SIT.
Conclusion: Patients with EDS express inattention and a need to move more than controls. However, hyperactivity was not verified by objective measurement, nor did the EDS patients express a need to move to combat drowsiness more than controls. Thus, a hypothesis to be further tested, is whether narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia may be more a model of the inattentive form of ADHD rather than the combined or inattentive/hyperactive form of ADHD. Further studies are needed to explore the relationship between EDS and hyperactivity.
特发性嗜睡症或发作性睡症患者表现为白天嗜睡(EDS)，导致注意力不集中，类似于注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)。多动症患者也经常表现出睡眠问题，包括EDS。因此，ADHD患者与特发性嗜睡或发作性睡患者可能具有注意力不集中和白天嗜睡的共同特征。然而，目前尚不清楚EDS患者特发性嗜睡或发作性睡是否也会像ADHD患者一样增加运动(多动)，确定这一点是本研究的目的。方法:对12例经多次睡眠潜伏期试验证实为EDS的患者进行研究，其中7例为2型发作性睡，5例为特发性嗜睡症。无EDS症状者12例作为对照组。所有参与者之前都没有多动症病史。每个参与者都在45度仰卧一小时，调查他们的运动需求，并以活动记录仪作为运动的客观衡量标准。结果:睡眠障碍伴EDS患者在ADHD自述量表中报告了更多的注意力不集中和多动症状。在每个时间点，EDS患者在建议固定测试(SIT)中都有明显的趋势，表明需要比对照组更多的活动。在总共60分钟的时间里，在SIT测试期间，患者和对照组之间发现了很大的移动需求效应(Cohen’s d = 0.61, p=0.01)。EDS患者没有表现出比对照组更需要运动来对抗困倦，在SIT期间，活动记录仪也没有显示患者和对照组之间的客观运动有任何差异。结论:EDS患者表现为注意力不集中，比对照组更需要活动。然而，多动症并没有得到客观测量的证实，EDS患者也没有表现出比对照组更需要运动来对抗困倦。因此，一个有待进一步检验的假设是，发作性睡病和特发性嗜睡症是否更可能是注意力不集中型多动症的一种模式，而不是注意力不集中/多动型多动症的结合。EDS与多动症之间的关系有待进一步研究。
{"title":"Hyperactivity in patients with narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia: an exploratory study.","authors":"Caroline Dodson, Karen Spruyt, Ciaran Considine, Emily Thompson, Osman S Ipsiroglu, Kanika Bagai, Rosalia Silvestri, Barbara Couvadelli, Arthur S Walters","doi":"10.1186/s41606-023-00088-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41606-023-00088-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Patients with either Idiopathic Hypersomnia or Narcolepsy demonstrate excessive daytime somnolence (EDS) with resultant inattention mimicking Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Patients with ADHD also often express sleep problems including EDS. Thus, patients with ADHD and patients with idiopathic hypersomnia or narcolepsy may share inattention and daytime drowsiness as common features. However, it is not known whether EDS patients with idiopathic hypersomnia or narcolepsy also have increased movement (hyperactivity) like ADHD patients, the determination of which is the purpose of this study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We studied 12 patients (7 Narcolepsy type 2 and 5 Idiopathic Hypersomnia) with EDS as shown by Multiple Sleep Latency Test which served as the gold standard for entry into the study. Twelve subjects without symptoms of EDS served as the control group. None of the participants had a previous history of ADHD. Each participant underwent a one-hour session laying at 45 degrees with surveys about the need to move and actigraphy as an objective measure of movement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sleep-disordered patients with EDS reported more symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity on the ADHD Self-Report Scale. At each of the time points patients with EDS had a clear trend to express the need to move more than controls on the Suggested Immobilization Test (SIT). For the total 60 minutes, a large effect size for the need to move during the SIT test was found between patients and controls (Cohen's <i>d</i> = 0.61, p=0.01). Patients with EDS did not express a need to move more to combat drowsiness than controls, nor did actigraphy show any difference in objective movement between patients and controls during the SIT.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with EDS express inattention and a need to move more than controls. However, hyperactivity was not verified by objective measurement, nor did the EDS patients express a need to move to combat drowsiness more than controls. Thus, a hypothesis to be further tested, is whether narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia may be more a model of the inattentive form of ADHD rather than the combined or inattentive/hyperactive form of ADHD. Further studies are needed to explore the relationship between EDS and hyperactivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":21632,"journal":{"name":"Sleep Science and Practice","volume":"7 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10494784/pdf/nihms-1920946.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10608367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-17DOI: 10.1186/s41606-022-00081-x
Katherine Hall, Ritaben Patel, J. Evans, R. Greenwood, J. Hicks
{"title":"The relationship between perinatal circadian rhythm and postnatal depression: an overview, hypothesis, and recommendations for practice","authors":"Katherine Hall, Ritaben Patel, J. Evans, R. Greenwood, J. Hicks","doi":"10.1186/s41606-022-00081-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41606-022-00081-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21632,"journal":{"name":"Sleep Science and Practice","volume":"54 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90633208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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