Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adp6031
Wei Wong
Food intake activates a mechanosensitive ion channel that inhibits ghrelin production and reduces appetite.
食物摄入会激活机械敏感性离子通道，从而抑制胃泌素的分泌并降低食欲。
{"title":"Sensing stretch to suppress appetite","authors":"Wei Wong","doi":"10.1126/scisignal.adp6031","DOIUrl":"10.1126/scisignal.adp6031","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Food intake activates a mechanosensitive ion channel that inhibits ghrelin production and reduces appetite.</div>","PeriodicalId":21658,"journal":{"name":"Science Signaling","volume":"17 831","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140541211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adh1922
Caroline Fidalgo Ribeiro, Silvia Rodrigues, Debora Campanella Bastos, Giuseppe Nicolò Fanelli, Hubert Pakula, Marco Foiani, Giorgia Zadra, Massimo Loda
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the primary treatment for prostate cancer; however, resistance to ADT invariably develops, leading to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Prostate cancer progression is marked by increased de novo synthesis of fatty acids due to overexpression of fatty acid synthase (FASN), making this enzyme a therapeutic target for prostate cancer. Inhibition of FASN results in increased intracellular amounts of ceramides and sphingomyelin, leading to DNA damage through the formation of DNA double-strand breaks and cell death. We found that combining a FASNi with the poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib, which induces cell death by blocking DNA damage repair, resulted in a more pronounced reduction in cell growth than that caused by either drug alone. Human CRPC organoids treated with a combination of PARP and FASNi were smaller, had decreased cell proliferation, and showed increased apoptosis and necrosis. Together, these data indicate that targeting FASN increases the therapeutic efficacy of PARP inhibitors by impairing DNA damage repair, suggesting that combination therapies should be explored for CRPC.
雄激素剥夺疗法（ADT）是治疗前列腺癌的主要方法；然而，ADT总会产生耐药性，导致阉割耐药前列腺癌（CRPC）。由于脂肪酸合成酶（FASN）的过度表达，脂肪酸的从头合成增加，从而使这种酶成为前列腺癌的治疗靶点。抑制 FASN 会导致细胞内神经酰胺和鞘磷脂的含量增加，从而形成 DNA 双链断裂，导致 DNA 损伤和细胞死亡。我们发现，将 FASNi 与聚-ADP 核糖聚合酶（PARP）抑制剂奥拉帕利（奥拉帕利通过阻断 DNA 损伤修复诱导细胞死亡）结合使用，会比单独使用其中一种药物更明显地减少细胞生长。用PARP和FASNi联合治疗的人类CRPC器官组织体积更小，细胞增殖减少，细胞凋亡和坏死增加。这些数据共同表明，以FASN为靶点会损害DNA损伤修复，从而提高PARP抑制剂的疗效，这表明应该探索CRPC的联合疗法。
{"title":"Blocking lipid synthesis induces DNA damage in prostate cancer and increases cell death caused by PARP inhibition","authors":"Caroline Fidalgo Ribeiro, Silvia Rodrigues, Debora Campanella Bastos, Giuseppe Nicolò Fanelli, Hubert Pakula, Marco Foiani, Giorgia Zadra, Massimo Loda","doi":"10.1126/scisignal.adh1922","DOIUrl":"10.1126/scisignal.adh1922","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the primary treatment for prostate cancer; however, resistance to ADT invariably develops, leading to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Prostate cancer progression is marked by increased de novo synthesis of fatty acids due to overexpression of fatty acid synthase (FASN), making this enzyme a therapeutic target for prostate cancer. Inhibition of FASN results in increased intracellular amounts of ceramides and sphingomyelin, leading to DNA damage through the formation of DNA double-strand breaks and cell death. We found that combining a FASNi with the poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib, which induces cell death by blocking DNA damage repair, resulted in a more pronounced reduction in cell growth than that caused by either drug alone. Human CRPC organoids treated with a combination of PARP and FASNi were smaller, had decreased cell proliferation, and showed increased apoptosis and necrosis. Together, these data indicate that targeting FASN increases the therapeutic efficacy of PARP inhibitors by impairing DNA damage repair, suggesting that combination therapies should be explored for CRPC.</div>","PeriodicalId":21658,"journal":{"name":"Science Signaling","volume":"17 831","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/scisignal.adh1922","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140541212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.ade4335
Manuel A. Fernandez-Rojo, Michael A. Pearen, Anita G. Burgess, Maria P. Ikonomopoulou, Diem Hoang-Le, Berit Genz, Silvia L. Saggiomo, Sujeevi S. K. Nawaratna, Maura Poli, Regina Reissmann, Geoffrey N. Gobert, Urban Deutsch, Britta Engelhardt, Andrew J. Brooks, Alun Jones, Paolo Arosio, Grant A. Ramm
Serum ferritin concentrations increase during hepatic inflammation and correlate with the severity of chronic liver disease. Here, we report a molecular mechanism whereby the heavy subunit of ferritin (FTH) contributes to hepatic inflammation. We found that FTH induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in primary rat hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) through intercellular adhesion molecule–1 (ICAM-1). FTH–ICAM-1 stimulated the expression of Il1b, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and the processing and secretion of IL-1β in a manner that depended on plasma membrane remodeling, clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and lysosomal destabilization. FTH–ICAM-1 signaling at early endosomes stimulated Il1b expression, implying that this endosomal signaling primed inflammasome activation in HSCs. In contrast, lysosomal destabilization was required for FTH-induced IL-1β secretion, suggesting that lysosomal damage activated inflammasomes. FTH induced IL-1β production in liver slices from wild-type mice but not in those from Icam1−/− or Nlrp3−/− mice. Thus, FTH signals through its receptor ICAM-1 on HSCs to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome. We speculate that this pathway contributes to hepatic inflammation, a key process that stimulates hepatic fibrogenesis associated with chronic liver disease.
{"title":"The heavy subunit of ferritin stimulates NLRP3 inflammasomes in hepatic stellate cells through ICAM-1 to drive hepatic inflammation","authors":"Manuel A. Fernandez-Rojo, Michael A. Pearen, Anita G. Burgess, Maria P. Ikonomopoulou, Diem Hoang-Le, Berit Genz, Silvia L. Saggiomo, Sujeevi S. K. Nawaratna, Maura Poli, Regina Reissmann, Geoffrey N. Gobert, Urban Deutsch, Britta Engelhardt, Andrew J. Brooks, Alun Jones, Paolo Arosio, Grant A. Ramm","doi":"10.1126/scisignal.ade4335","DOIUrl":"10.1126/scisignal.ade4335","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Serum ferritin concentrations increase during hepatic inflammation and correlate with the severity of chronic liver disease. Here, we report a molecular mechanism whereby the heavy subunit of ferritin (FTH) contributes to hepatic inflammation. We found that FTH induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in primary rat hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) through intercellular adhesion molecule–1 (ICAM-1). FTH–ICAM-1 stimulated the expression of <i>Il1b</i>, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and the processing and secretion of IL-1β in a manner that depended on plasma membrane remodeling, clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and lysosomal destabilization. FTH–ICAM-1 signaling at early endosomes stimulated <i>Il1b</i> expression, implying that this endosomal signaling primed inflammasome activation in HSCs. In contrast, lysosomal destabilization was required for FTH-induced IL-1β secretion, suggesting that lysosomal damage activated inflammasomes. FTH induced IL-1β production in liver slices from wild-type mice but not in those from <i>Icam1<sup>−/−</sup></i> or <i>Nlrp3<sup>−/−</sup></i> mice. Thus, FTH signals through its receptor ICAM-1 on HSCs to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome. We speculate that this pathway contributes to hepatic inflammation, a key process that stimulates hepatic fibrogenesis associated with chronic liver disease.</div>","PeriodicalId":21658,"journal":{"name":"Science Signaling","volume":"17 830","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140343125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adp4951
Amy E. Baek
Microglial lipid droplet accumulation leads to increased neurotoxicity in an APOE-dependent manner.
小胶质细胞脂滴积聚以 APOE 依赖性方式导致神经毒性增加。
{"title":"Lipid drops in on Alzheimer’s disease","authors":"Amy E. Baek","doi":"10.1126/scisignal.adp4951","DOIUrl":"10.1126/scisignal.adp4951","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Microglial lipid droplet accumulation leads to increased neurotoxicity in an APOE-dependent manner.</div>","PeriodicalId":21658,"journal":{"name":"Science Signaling","volume":"17 830","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140343126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adp3241
Leslie K. Ferrarelli
Blocking complement signaling biases microglia to destroy amyloid aggregates, not neuronal synapses.
阻断补体信号会使小胶质细胞偏向于破坏淀粉样蛋白聚集体，而不是神经元突触。
{"title":"Biasing microglia to help, not hurt","authors":"Leslie K. Ferrarelli","doi":"10.1126/scisignal.adp3241","DOIUrl":"10.1126/scisignal.adp3241","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Blocking complement signaling biases microglia to destroy amyloid aggregates, not neuronal synapses.</div>","PeriodicalId":21658,"journal":{"name":"Science Signaling","volume":"17 829","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140295104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scisignal.adk8249
Rui Wang, Hongyang Sun, Yifan Cao, Zhixiong Zhang, Yajing Chen, Xiying Wang, Lele Liu, Jin Wu, Hao Xu, Dan Wu, Chenchen Mu, Zongbing Hao, Song Qin, Haigang Ren, Junhai Han, Ming Fang, Guanghui Wang
Mutations in the gene encoding the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase) are responsible for Gaucher disease (GD) and are considered the strongest genetic risk factor for Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD). GCase deficiency leads to extensive accumulation of glucosylceramides (GCs) in cells and contributes to the neuropathology of GD, PD, and LBD by triggering chronic neuroinflammation. Here, we investigated the mechanisms by which GC accumulation induces neuroinflammation. We found that GC accumulation within microglia induced by pharmacological inhibition of GCase triggered STING-dependent inflammation, which contributed to neuronal loss both in vitro and in vivo. GC accumulation in microglia induced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) leakage to the cytosol to trigger STING-dependent inflammation. Rapamycin, a compound that promotes lysosomal activity, improved mitochondrial function, thereby decreasing STING signaling. Furthermore, lysosomal damage caused by GC accumulation led to defects in the degradation of activated STING, further exacerbating inflammation mediated by microglia. Thus, limiting STING activity may be a strategy to suppress neuroinflammation caused by GCase deficiency.
{"title":"Glucosylceramide accumulation in microglia triggers STING-dependent neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in mice","authors":"Rui Wang, Hongyang Sun, Yifan Cao, Zhixiong Zhang, Yajing Chen, Xiying Wang, Lele Liu, Jin Wu, Hao Xu, Dan Wu, Chenchen Mu, Zongbing Hao, Song Qin, Haigang Ren, Junhai Han, Ming Fang, Guanghui Wang","doi":"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scisignal.adk8249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scisignal.adk8249","url":null,"abstract":"Mutations in the gene encoding the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase) are responsible for Gaucher disease (GD) and are considered the strongest genetic risk factor for Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD). GCase deficiency leads to extensive accumulation of glucosylceramides (GCs) in cells and contributes to the neuropathology of GD, PD, and LBD by triggering chronic neuroinflammation. Here, we investigated the mechanisms by which GC accumulation induces neuroinflammation. We found that GC accumulation within microglia induced by pharmacological inhibition of GCase triggered STING-dependent inflammation, which contributed to neuronal loss both in vitro and in vivo. GC accumulation in microglia induced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) leakage to the cytosol to trigger STING-dependent inflammation. Rapamycin, a compound that promotes lysosomal activity, improved mitochondrial function, thereby decreasing STING signaling. Furthermore, lysosomal damage caused by GC accumulation led to defects in the degradation of activated STING, further exacerbating inflammation mediated by microglia. Thus, limiting STING activity may be a strategy to suppress neuroinflammation caused by GCase deficiency.","PeriodicalId":21658,"journal":{"name":"Science Signaling","volume":"298 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140586901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-19DOI: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scisignal.adh2783
Wing Suen Chan, Chun Fai Ng, Brian Pak Shing Pang, Miaojia Hang, Margaret Chui Ling Tse, Elsie Chit Yu Iu, Xin Ci Ooi, Xiuying Yang, Jason K. Kim, Chi Wai Lee, Chi Bun Chan
Post-exercise recovery is essential to resolve metabolic perturbations and promote long-term cellular remodeling in response to exercise. Here, we report that muscle-generated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) elicits post-exercise recovery and metabolic reprogramming in skeletal muscle. BDNF increased the post-exercise expression of the gene encoding PPARδ (peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor δ), a transcription factor that is a master regulator of lipid metabolism. After exercise, mice with muscle-specific Bdnf knockout (MBKO) exhibited impairments in PPARδ-regulated metabolic gene expression, decreased intramuscular lipid content, reduced β-oxidation, and dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics. Moreover, MBKO mice required a longer period to recover from a bout of exercise and did not show increases in exercise-induced endurance capacity. Feeding naïve mice with the bioavailable BDNF mimetic 7,8-dihydroxyflavone resulted in effects that mimicked exercise-induced adaptations, including improved exercise capacity. Together, our findings reveal that BDNF is an essential myokine for exercise-induced metabolic recovery and remodeling in skeletal muscle.
{"title":"Exercise-induced BDNF promotes PPARδ-dependent reprogramming of lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle during exercise recovery","authors":"Wing Suen Chan, Chun Fai Ng, Brian Pak Shing Pang, Miaojia Hang, Margaret Chui Ling Tse, Elsie Chit Yu Iu, Xin Ci Ooi, Xiuying Yang, Jason K. Kim, Chi Wai Lee, Chi Bun Chan","doi":"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scisignal.adh2783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scisignal.adh2783","url":null,"abstract":"Post-exercise recovery is essential to resolve metabolic perturbations and promote long-term cellular remodeling in response to exercise. Here, we report that muscle-generated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) elicits post-exercise recovery and metabolic reprogramming in skeletal muscle. BDNF increased the post-exercise expression of the gene encoding PPARδ (peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor δ), a transcription factor that is a master regulator of lipid metabolism. After exercise, mice with muscle-specific <i>Bdnf</i> knockout (<i>MBKO</i>) exhibited impairments in PPARδ-regulated metabolic gene expression, decreased intramuscular lipid content, reduced β-oxidation, and dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics. Moreover, <i>MBKO</i> mice required a longer period to recover from a bout of exercise and did not show increases in exercise-induced endurance capacity. Feeding naïve mice with the bioavailable BDNF mimetic 7,8-dihydroxyflavone resulted in effects that mimicked exercise-induced adaptations, including improved exercise capacity. Together, our findings reveal that BDNF is an essential myokine for exercise-induced metabolic recovery and remodeling in skeletal muscle.","PeriodicalId":21658,"journal":{"name":"Science Signaling","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140203273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-19DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abl3758
Carl W. White, Simon Platt, Laura E. Kilpatrick, Natasha Dale, Rekhati S. Abhayawardana, Sebastian Dekkers, Nicholas D. Kindon, Barrie Kellam, Michael J. Stocks, Kevin D. G. Pfleger, Stephen J. Hill
CXCL17 is a chemokine principally expressed by mucosal tissues, where it facilitates chemotaxis of monocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages and has antimicrobial properties. CXCL17 is also implicated in the pathology of inflammatory disorders and progression of several cancers, and its expression is increased during viral infections of the lung. However, the exact role of CXCL17 in health and disease requires further investigation, and there is a need for confirmed molecular targets mediating CXCL17 functional responses. Using a range of bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)–based assays, here we demonstrated that CXCL17 inhibited CXCR4-mediated signaling and ligand binding. Moreover, CXCL17 interacted with neuropillin-1, a VEGFR2 coreceptor. In addition, we found that CXCL17 only inhibited CXCR4 ligand binding in intact cells and demonstrated that this effect was mimicked by known glycosaminoglycan binders, surfen and protamine sulfate. Disruption of putative GAG binding domains in CXCL17 prevented CXCR4 binding. This indicated that CXCL17 inhibited CXCR4 by a mechanism of action that potentially required the presence of a glycosaminoglycan-containing accessory protein. Together, our results revealed that CXCL17 is an endogenous inhibitor of CXCR4 and represents the next step in our understanding of the function of CXCL17 and regulation of CXCR4 signaling.
{"title":"CXCL17 is an allosteric inhibitor of CXCR4 through a mechanism of action involving glycosaminoglycans","authors":"Carl W. White, Simon Platt, Laura E. Kilpatrick, Natasha Dale, Rekhati S. Abhayawardana, Sebastian Dekkers, Nicholas D. Kindon, Barrie Kellam, Michael J. Stocks, Kevin D. G. Pfleger, Stephen J. Hill","doi":"10.1126/scisignal.abl3758","DOIUrl":"10.1126/scisignal.abl3758","url":null,"abstract":"<div >CXCL17 is a chemokine principally expressed by mucosal tissues, where it facilitates chemotaxis of monocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages and has antimicrobial properties. CXCL17 is also implicated in the pathology of inflammatory disorders and progression of several cancers, and its expression is increased during viral infections of the lung. However, the exact role of CXCL17 in health and disease requires further investigation, and there is a need for confirmed molecular targets mediating CXCL17 functional responses. Using a range of bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)–based assays, here we demonstrated that CXCL17 inhibited CXCR4-mediated signaling and ligand binding. Moreover, CXCL17 interacted with neuropillin-1, a VEGFR2 coreceptor. In addition, we found that CXCL17 only inhibited CXCR4 ligand binding in intact cells and demonstrated that this effect was mimicked by known glycosaminoglycan binders, surfen and protamine sulfate. Disruption of putative GAG binding domains in CXCL17 prevented CXCR4 binding. This indicated that CXCL17 inhibited CXCR4 by a mechanism of action that potentially required the presence of a glycosaminoglycan-containing accessory protein. Together, our results revealed that CXCL17 is an endogenous inhibitor of CXCR4 and represents the next step in our understanding of the function of CXCL17 and regulation of CXCR4 signaling.</div>","PeriodicalId":21658,"journal":{"name":"Science Signaling","volume":"17 828","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140164518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-12DOI: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scisignal.ade3643
Rutger D. Luteijn, Sypke R. van Terwisga, Jill E. Ver Eecke, Liberty Onia, Shivam A. Zaver, Joshua J. Woodward, Richard W. Wubbolts, David H. Raulet, Frank J. M. van Kuppeveld
Activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–resident adaptor protein STING, a component of a cytosolic DNA–sensing pathway, induces the transcription of genes encoding type I interferons (IFNs) and other proinflammatory factors. Because STING is activated at the Golgi apparatus, control of the localization and activation of STING is important in stimulating antiviral and antitumor immune responses. Through a genome-wide CRISPR interference screen, we found that STING activation required the Golgi-resident protein ACBD3, which promotes the generation of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) at the trans-Golgi network, as well as other PI4P-associated proteins. Appropriate localization and activation of STING at the Golgi apparatus required ACBD3 and the PI4P-generating kinase PI4KB. In contrast, STING activation was enhanced when the lipid-shuttling protein OSBP, which removes PI4P from the Golgi apparatus, was inhibited by the US Food and Drug Administration–approved antifungal itraconazole. The increase in the abundance of STING-activating phospholipids at the trans-Golgi network resulted in the increased production of IFN-β and other cytokines in THP-1 cells. Furthermore, a mutant STING that could not bind to PI4P failed to traffic from the ER to the Golgi apparatus in response to a STING agonist, whereas forced relocalization of STING to PI4P-enriched areas elicited STING activation in the absence of stimulation with a STING agonist. Thus, PI4P is critical for STING activation, and manipulating PI4P abundance may therapeutically modulate STING-dependent immune responses.
{"title":"The activation of the adaptor protein STING depends on its interactions with the phospholipid PI4P","authors":"Rutger D. Luteijn, Sypke R. van Terwisga, Jill E. Ver Eecke, Liberty Onia, Shivam A. Zaver, Joshua J. Woodward, Richard W. Wubbolts, David H. Raulet, Frank J. M. van Kuppeveld","doi":"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scisignal.ade3643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scisignal.ade3643","url":null,"abstract":"Activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–resident adaptor protein STING, a component of a cytosolic DNA–sensing pathway, induces the transcription of genes encoding type I interferons (IFNs) and other proinflammatory factors. Because STING is activated at the Golgi apparatus, control of the localization and activation of STING is important in stimulating antiviral and antitumor immune responses. Through a genome-wide CRISPR interference screen, we found that STING activation required the Golgi-resident protein ACBD3, which promotes the generation of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) at the trans-Golgi network, as well as other PI4P-associated proteins. Appropriate localization and activation of STING at the Golgi apparatus required ACBD3 and the PI4P-generating kinase PI4KB. In contrast, STING activation was enhanced when the lipid-shuttling protein OSBP, which removes PI4P from the Golgi apparatus, was inhibited by the US Food and Drug Administration–approved antifungal itraconazole. The increase in the abundance of STING-activating phospholipids at the trans-Golgi network resulted in the increased production of IFN-β and other cytokines in THP-1 cells. Furthermore, a mutant STING that could not bind to PI4P failed to traffic from the ER to the Golgi apparatus in response to a STING agonist, whereas forced relocalization of STING to PI4P-enriched areas elicited STING activation in the absence of stimulation with a STING agonist. Thus, PI4P is critical for STING activation, and manipulating PI4P abundance may therapeutically modulate STING-dependent immune responses.","PeriodicalId":21658,"journal":{"name":"Science Signaling","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140170683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-12DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.ade0580
Alice Santi, Emily J. Kay, Lisa J. Neilson, Lynn McGarry, Sergio Lilla, Margaret Mullin, Nikki R. Paul, Frédéric Fercoq, Grigorios Koulouras, Giovanny Rodriguez Blanco, Dimitris Athineos, Susan Mason, Mark Hughes, Gemma Thomson, Yann Kieffer, Colin Nixon, Karen Blyth, Fatima Mechta-Grigoriou, Leo M. Carlin, Sara Zanivan
Intercellular communication between different cell types in solid tumors contributes to tumor growth and metastatic dissemination. The secretome of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) plays major roles in these processes. Using human mammary CAFs, we showed that CAFs with a myofibroblast phenotype released extracellular vesicles that transferred proteins to endothelial cells (ECs) that affected their interaction with immune cells. Mass spectrometry–based proteomics identified proteins transferred from CAFs to ECs, which included plasma membrane receptors. Using THY1 as an example of a transferred plasma membrane–bound protein, we showed that CAF-derived proteins increased the adhesion of a monocyte cell line to ECs. CAFs produced high amounts of matrix-bound EVs, which were the primary vehicles of protein transfer. Hence, our work paves the way for future studies that investigate how CAF-derived matrix-bound EVs influence tumor pathology by regulating the function of neighboring cancer, stromal, and immune cells.
{"title":"Cancer-associated fibroblasts produce matrix-bound vesicles that influence endothelial cell function","authors":"Alice Santi, Emily J. Kay, Lisa J. Neilson, Lynn McGarry, Sergio Lilla, Margaret Mullin, Nikki R. Paul, Frédéric Fercoq, Grigorios Koulouras, Giovanny Rodriguez Blanco, Dimitris Athineos, Susan Mason, Mark Hughes, Gemma Thomson, Yann Kieffer, Colin Nixon, Karen Blyth, Fatima Mechta-Grigoriou, Leo M. Carlin, Sara Zanivan","doi":"10.1126/scisignal.ade0580","DOIUrl":"10.1126/scisignal.ade0580","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Intercellular communication between different cell types in solid tumors contributes to tumor growth and metastatic dissemination. The secretome of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) plays major roles in these processes. Using human mammary CAFs, we showed that CAFs with a myofibroblast phenotype released extracellular vesicles that transferred proteins to endothelial cells (ECs) that affected their interaction with immune cells. Mass spectrometry–based proteomics identified proteins transferred from CAFs to ECs, which included plasma membrane receptors. Using THY1 as an example of a transferred plasma membrane–bound protein, we showed that CAF-derived proteins increased the adhesion of a monocyte cell line to ECs. CAFs produced high amounts of matrix-bound EVs, which were the primary vehicles of protein transfer. Hence, our work paves the way for future studies that investigate how CAF-derived matrix-bound EVs influence tumor pathology by regulating the function of neighboring cancer, stromal, and immune cells.</div>","PeriodicalId":21658,"journal":{"name":"Science Signaling","volume":"17 827","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140111962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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