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Glucose-oxygen deprivation constrains HMGCR function and Rac1 prenylation and activates the NLRP3 inflammasome in human monocytes 葡萄糖-氧气剥夺限制了人类单核细胞中 HMGCR 的功能和 Rac1 的前酰化,并激活了 NLRP3 炎症小体。
IF 6.7 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.add8913
Nora Raulien, Kathleen Friedrich, Sarah Strobel, Stefanie Raps, Friederike Hecker, Matthias Pierer, Erik Schilling, Elke Lainka, Tilmann Kallinich, Sven Baumann, Katarina Fritz-Wallace, Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk, Martin von Bergen, Achim Aigner, Alexander Ewe, Georg Schett, Michael Cross, Manuela Rossol, Ulf Wagner
Hypoxia and low glucose abundance often occur simultaneously at sites of inflammation. In monocytes and macrophages, glucose-oxygen deprivation stimulates the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome to generate the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β. We found that concomitant glucose deprivation and hypoxia activated the NLRP3 inflammasome by constraining the function of HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR), the rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate kinase pathway. HMGCR is involved in the synthesis of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), which is required for the prenylation and lipid membrane integration of proteins. Under glucose-oxygen deprivation, GGPP synthesis was decreased, leading to reduced prenylation of the small GTPase Rac1, increased binding of nonprenylated Rac1 to the scaffolding protein IQGAP1, and enhanced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. In response to restricted oxygen and glucose supply, patient monocytes with a compromised mevalonate pathway due to mevalonate kinase deficiency or Muckle-Wells syndrome released more IL-1β than did control monocytes. Thus, reduced GGPP synthesis due to inhibition of HMGCR under glucose-oxygen deprivation results in proinflammatory innate responses, which are normally kept in check by the prenylation of Rac1. We suggest that this mechanism is also active in inflammatory autoimmune conditions.
缺氧和低葡萄糖常常同时出现在炎症部位。在单核细胞和巨噬细胞中,葡萄糖-氧气匮乏会刺激 NLRP3 炎性体的组装,从而产生促炎细胞因子 IL-1β。我们发现,同时缺糖和缺氧会限制甲羟戊酸激酶途径的限速酶 HMG-CoA 还原酶(HMGCR)的功能,从而激活 NLRP3 炎症小体。HMGCR 参与了香叶基纯丙基焦磷酸(GGPP)的合成,而 GGPP 是蛋白质的前酰化和脂膜整合所必需的。在葡萄糖-氧气匮乏条件下,GGPP合成减少,导致小GTP酶Rac1的前酰化减少,非前酰化的Rac1与支架蛋白IQGAP1的结合增加,NLRP3炎性体的活化增强。在氧气和葡萄糖供应受限的情况下,因甲羟戊酸激酶缺乏症或 Muckle-Wells 综合征而导致甲羟戊酸途径受损的患者单核细胞比对照组单核细胞释放出更多的 IL-1β。因此,在葡萄糖-氧气匮乏条件下,由于抑制 HMGCR 而减少了 GGPP 的合成,导致了先天性促炎反应,而 Rac1 的前酰化通常会抑制这种反应。我们认为,这种机制在炎症性自身免疫疾病中也很活跃。
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引用次数: 0
Kv1.3-induced hyperpolarization is required for efficient Kaposi’s sarcoma–associated herpesvirus lytic replication Kv1.3诱导的超极化是卡波西肉瘤相关疱疹病毒高效溶解复制所必需的。
IF 6.7 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adg4124
Holli Carden, Katherine L. Harper, Timothy J. Mottram, Oliver Manners, Katie L. Allott, Mark L. Dallas, David J. Hughes, Jonathan D. Lippiat, Jamel Mankouri, Adrian Whitehouse
Kaposi’s sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is an oncogenic herpesvirus that is linked directly to the development of Kaposi’s sarcoma. KSHV establishes a latent infection in B cells, which can be reactivated to initiate lytic replication, producing infectious virions. Using pharmacological and genetic silencing approaches, we showed that the voltage-gated K+ channel Kv1.3 in B cells enhanced KSHV lytic replication. The KSHV replication and transcription activator (RTA) protein increased the abundance of Kv1.3 and led to enhanced K+ channel activity and hyperpolarization of the B cell membrane. Enhanced Kv1.3 activity promoted intracellular Ca2+ influx, leading to the Ca2+-driven nuclear localization of KSHV RTA and host nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) proteins and subsequently increased the expression of NFAT1 target genes. KSHV lytic replication and infectious virion production were inhibited by Kv1.3 blockers or silencing. These findings highlight Kv1.3 as a druggable host factor that is key to the successful completion of KSHV lytic replication.
卡波西肉瘤相关疱疹病毒(KSHV)是一种致癌疱疹病毒,与卡波西肉瘤的发病直接相关。KSHV 在 B 细胞中建立潜伏感染,可被重新激活以启动溶解复制,产生传染性病毒。通过药理学和基因沉默方法,我们发现 B 细胞中的电压门控 K+ 通道 Kv1.3 能增强 KSHV 的溶解复制。KSHV复制和转录激活剂(RTA)蛋白增加了Kv1.3的丰度,导致K+通道活性增强和B细胞膜超极化。增强的 Kv1.3 活性促进了细胞内 Ca2+ 的流入,导致 Ca2+ 驱动的 KSHV RTA 和宿主活化 T 细胞核因子(NFAT)蛋白的核定位,随后增加了 NFAT1 靶基因的表达。Kv1.3 阻断剂或沉默能抑制 KSHV 的溶解复制和传染性病毒的产生。这些发现突出表明,Kv1.3 是一种可药物治疗的宿主因子,是 KSHV 成功完成溶解复制的关键。
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引用次数: 0
Pyroptosis does damage control Pyroptosis 进行损害控制。
IF 6.7 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adr5475
Amy E. Baek
Secreted factors from pyroptotic cells can promote wound repair.
热释细胞分泌的因子可促进伤口修复。
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引用次数: 0
A metabolic regulator for parietal cells 顶细胞的代谢调节器
IF 6.7 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adr4497
Annalisa M. VanHook
The orphan nuclear receptor ERRγ directs the differentiation of acid-secreting gastric cells.
孤儿核受体ERRγ指导胃酸分泌细胞的分化。
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引用次数: 0
An antibody that inhibits TGF-β1 release from latent extracellular matrix complexes attenuates the progression of renal fibrosis 抑制 TGF-β1 从潜伏细胞外基质复合物中释放的抗体可减轻肾脏纤维化的进展。
IF 6.7 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adn6052
Justin W. Jackson, Frederick C. Streich Jr., Ajai Pal, George Coricor, Chris Boston, Christopher T. Brueckner, Kaleigh Canonico, Christopher Chapron, Shaun Cote, Kevin B. Dagbay, Francis T. Danehy Jr., Mania Kavosi, Sandeep Kumar, Susan Lin, Christopher Littlefield, Kailyn Looby, Rohan Manohar, Constance J. Martin, Marcie Wood, Agatha Zawadzka, Stefan Wawersik, Samantha B. Nicholls, Abhishek Datta, Alan Buckler, Thomas Schürpf, Gregory J. Carven, Mohammed Qatanani, Adam I. Fogel
Inhibitors of the transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) pathway are potentially promising antifibrotic therapies, but nonselective simultaneous inhibition of all three TGF-β homologs has safety liabilities. TGF-β1 is noncovalently bound to a latency-associated peptide that is, in turn, covalently bound to different presenting molecules within large latent complexes. The latent TGF-β–binding proteins (LTBPs) present TGF-β1 in the extracellular matrix, and TGF-β1 is presented on immune cells by two transmembrane proteins, glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP) and leucine-rich repeat protein 33 (LRRC33). Here, we describe LTBP-49247, an antibody that selectively bound to and inhibited the activation of TGF-β1 presented by LTBPs but did not bind to TGF-β1 presented by GARP or LRRC33. Structural studies demonstrated that LTBP-49247 recognized an epitope on LTBP-presented TGF-β1 that is not accessible on GARP- or LRRC33-presented TGF-β1, explaining the antibody’s selectivity for LTBP-complexed TGF-β1. In two rodent models of kidney fibrosis of different etiologies, LTBP-49247 attenuated fibrotic progression, indicating the central role of LTBP-presented TGF-β1 in renal fibrosis. In mice, LTBP-49247 did not have the toxic effects associated with less selective TGF-β inhibitors. These results establish the feasibility of selectively targeting LTBP-bound TGF-β1 as an approach for treating fibrosis.
转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)通路抑制剂是一种很有潜力的抗纤维化疗法,但同时抑制所有三种 TGF-β 同源物的非选择性疗法存在安全隐患。TGF-β1 与潜伏相关肽非共价结合,而潜伏相关肽又与大型潜伏复合物中的不同呈现分子共价结合。潜伏的 TGF-β 结合蛋白(LTBPs)将 TGF-β1 呈现在细胞外基质中,而 TGF-β1 则通过两种跨膜蛋白(糖蛋白 A 重复为主蛋白(GARP)和富亮氨酸重复蛋白 33(LRRC33))呈现在免疫细胞上。在这里,我们描述了 LTBP-49247 这种抗体,它能选择性地结合并抑制由 LTBPs 呈现的 TGF-β1 的活化,但不能结合由 GARP 或 LRRC33 呈现的 TGF-β1。结构研究表明,LTBP-49247 能识别由 LTBP 呈递的 TGF-β1 上的表位,而由 GARP 或 LRRC33 呈递的 TGF-β1 上的表位则无法识别,这就解释了该抗体对 LTBP 复合物 TGF-β1 的选择性。在两种不同病因的啮齿动物肾脏纤维化模型中,LTBP-49247 可减轻纤维化的进展,这表明了 LTBP 呈递的 TGF-β1 在肾脏纤维化中的核心作用。在小鼠体内,LTBP-49247 不会产生与选择性较低的 TGF-β 抑制剂相关的毒性作用。这些结果证明了选择性靶向与 LTBP 结合的 TGF-β1 作为治疗肾纤维化方法的可行性。
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引用次数: 0
More Velcro for the TGF-β1 straitjacket: A new antibody straps latent TGF-β1 to the matrix 为 TGF-β1 紧身衣提供更多魔术贴:一种新型抗体将潜伏的 TGF-β1 绑在基质上。
IF 6.7 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.ado5279
Boris Hinz
In this issue of Science Signaling, Jackson et al. present a new antibody strategy to—quite literally—strap transforming growth factor–β1 (TGF-β1) to latent complexes in the extracellular matrix. The antibody has no effect on latent TGF-β1 presented on the surface of immune cells and thus allows targeting of the detrimental effects of TGF-β1 in fibrosis without affecting its beneficial immune-suppressing activities.
在本期《科学信号》(Science Signaling)杂志上,杰克逊(Jackson)等人提出了一种新的抗体策略,可以将转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)与细胞外基质中的潜伏复合物紧密结合。这种抗体对免疫细胞表面潜伏的 TGF-β1 没有影响,因此可以在不影响 TGF-β1 有利的免疫抑制活性的情况下,针对纤维化中 TGF-β1 的有害影响进行治疗。
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引用次数: 0
Insulated by opioids 被阿片类药物隔绝
IF 6.7 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adr3505
Leslie K. Ferrarelli
Opioids trigger myelin insulation of reward circuit axons in a feedforward loop of addiction.
阿片类药物在成瘾的前馈回路中触发奖赏回路轴突的髓鞘绝缘。
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引用次数: 0
Engineered mini-G proteins block the internalization of cognate GPCRs and disrupt downstream intracellular signaling 经过改造的迷你 G 蛋白会阻止同源 GPCR 的内化,并破坏下游细胞内信号传导。
IF 6.7 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abq7038
Yusman Manchanda, Liliane ElEid, Affiong I. Oqua, Zenouska Ramchunder, Jiyoon Choi, Maria M. Shchepinova, Guy A. Rutter, Asuka Inoue, Edward W. Tate, Ben Jones, Alejandra Tomas
Mini-G proteins are engineered, thermostable variants of Gα subunits designed to stabilize G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) in their active conformations. Because of their small size and ease of use, they are popular tools for assessing GPCR behaviors in cells, both as reporters of receptor coupling to Gα subtypes and for cellular assays to quantify compartmentalized signaling at various subcellular locations. Here, we report that overexpression of mini-G proteins with their cognate GPCRs disrupted GPCR endocytic trafficking and associated intracellular signaling. In cells expressing the Gαs-coupled GPCR glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R), coexpression of mini-Gs, a mini-G protein derived from Gαs, blocked β-arrestin 2 recruitment and receptor internalization and disrupted endosomal GLP-1R signaling. These effects did not involve changes in receptor phosphorylation or lipid nanodomain segregation. Moreover, we found that mini-G proteins derived from Gαi and Gαq also inhibited the internalization of GPCRs that couple to them. Finally, we developed an alternative intracellular signaling assay for GLP-1R using a nanobody specific for active Gαs:GPCR complexes (Nb37) that did not affect GLP-1R internalization. Our results have important implications for designing methods to assess intracellular GPCR signaling.
迷你 G 蛋白是 Gα 亚基的工程化恒温变体,旨在将 G 蛋白偶联受体 (GPCR) 稳定在其活性构象中。由于其体积小、使用方便,它们是评估细胞中 GPCR 行为的常用工具,既可作为受体与 Gα 亚型耦合的报告物,也可用于细胞检测,以量化不同亚细胞位置的分区信号传导。在这里,我们报告了过量表达迷你 G 蛋白及其同源 GPCR 会破坏 GPCR 的内吞吐和相关的细胞内信号传导。在表达 Gαs 偶联 GPCR 胰高血糖素样肽 1 受体(GLP-1R)的细胞中,与 Gαs 蛋白共同表达的迷你 Gs(一种来自 Gαs 的迷你 G 蛋白)阻断了 β-restin 2 的招募和受体的内化,并破坏了 GLP-1R 的内体信号传导。这些影响并不涉及受体磷酸化或脂质纳米域分离的变化。此外,我们还发现源自 Gαi 和 Gαq 的迷你 G 蛋白也会抑制与之耦合的 GPCR 的内化。最后,我们开发了另一种 GLP-1R 细胞内信号检测方法,使用一种特异于活性 Gαs:GPCR 复合物的纳米抗体 (Nb37),它不会影响 GLP-1R 的内化。我们的研究结果对设计评估细胞内 GPCR 信号传导的方法具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
YAP represses the TEAD–NF-κB complex and inhibits the growth of clear cell renal cell carcinoma YAP 可抑制 TEAD-NF-κB 复合物并抑制透明细胞肾细胞癌的生长。
IF 6.7 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adk0231
Zhongbo Li, Peng Su, Miao Yu, Xufeng Zhang, Yaning Xu, Tianwei Jia, Penghe Yang, Chenmiao Zhang, Yanan Sun, Xin Li, Huijie Yang, Yinlu Ding, Ting Zhuang, Haiyang Guo, Jian Zhu
The Hippo pathway is generally understood to inhibit tumor growth by phosphorylating the transcriptional cofactor YAP to sequester it to the cytoplasm and reduce the formation of YAP-TEAD transcriptional complexes. Aberrant activation of YAP occurs in various cancers. However, we found a tumor-suppressive function of YAP in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Using cell cultures, xenografts, and patient-derived explant models, we found that the inhibition of upstream Hippo-pathway kinases MST1 and MST2 or expression of a constitutively active YAP mutant impeded ccRCC proliferation and decreased gene expression mediated by the transcription factor NF-κB. Mechanistically, the NF-κB subunit p65 bound to the transcriptional cofactor TEAD to facilitate NF-κB–target gene expression that promoted cell proliferation. However, by competing for TEAD, YAP disrupted its interaction with NF-κB and prompted the dissociation of p65 from target gene promoters, thereby inhibiting NF-κB transcriptional programs. This cross-talk between the Hippo and NF-κB pathways in ccRCC suggests that targeting the Hippo-YAP axis in an atypical manner—that is, by activating YAP—may be a strategy for slowing tumor growth in patients.
一般认为,Hippo 通路通过磷酸化转录辅助因子 YAP,将其封闭在细胞质中,减少 YAP-TEAD 转录复合物的形成,从而抑制肿瘤生长。YAP的异常活化发生在各种癌症中。然而,我们发现 YAP 在透明细胞肾细胞癌(ccRCC)中具有抑制肿瘤的功能。通过使用细胞培养物、异种移植和源自患者的外植体模型,我们发现抑制上游Hippo通路激酶MST1和MST2或表达组成型活性YAP突变体会阻碍ccRCC的增殖,并降低由转录因子NF-κB介导的基因表达。从机制上讲,NF-κB 亚基 p65 与转录辅助因子 TEAD 结合,促进 NF-κB 靶基因的表达,从而促进细胞增殖。然而,通过竞争 TEAD,YAP 破坏了它与 NF-κB 的相互作用,促使 p65 从靶基因启动子解离,从而抑制了 NF-κB 的转录程序。ccRCC中Hippo和NF-κB通路之间的这种交叉对话表明,以非典型方式(即通过激活YAP)靶向Hippo-YAP轴可能是减缓患者肿瘤生长的一种策略。
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引用次数: 0
Tweaking synaptic plasticity: Deciphering the role of WWC1 in memory opens new therapeutic horizons 调整突触可塑性:解密 WWC1 在记忆中的作用开辟了新的治疗前景。
IF 6.7 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adp5354
Andreas Papassotiropoulos, Dominique J.-F. de Quervain
WWC1 is a scaffolding protein in the evolutionarily conserved Hippo signaling network and is genetically linked to human memory and synaptic plasticity. In the archives of Science Signaling, Stepan et al. demonstrate the translational potential of modulating WWC1 through pharmacological inhibition of Hippo-pathway kinases to enhance cognition.
WWC1 是进化保守的 Hippo 信号网络中的一个支架蛋白,在遗传学上与人类记忆和突触可塑性有关。在《科学信号》杂志的档案中,Stepan 等人展示了通过药物抑制希波通路激酶来调节 WWC1 以增强认知能力的转化潜力。
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引用次数: 0
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