The article concerns the image of the fly in Polish, French, and English phraseology. Connections between language and culture are discussed, with comparative semantic analyses as an important element of intercultural dialogue. Such analyses also benefit translation studies and language teaching. It is considered what properties of the fly are important for a given linguistic community, how the insect is viewed axiologically, and what experience of the insect has been preserved in the language’s phraseology. In the analysis, parallel phraseological units in all three languages are identified, with an account of the connections motivated by the physical properties of flies, their behaviour and axiology in relation to humans. In each language, different features of the fly are preserved so that the overall images of the insect are different. The frequency of the units with the nominal ‘fly’ in these languages also varies.
{"title":"The image of the fly in Polish, French and English phraseology. A comparative analysis","authors":"Katarzyna Sadowska-Dobrowolska","doi":"10.17951/et.2021.33.169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/et.2021.33.169","url":null,"abstract":"The article concerns the image of the fly in Polish, French, and English phraseology. Connections between language and culture are discussed, with comparative semantic analyses as an important element of intercultural dialogue. Such analyses also benefit translation studies and language teaching. It is considered what properties of the fly are important for a given linguistic community, how the insect is viewed axiologically, and what experience of the insect has been preserved in the language’s phraseology. In the analysis, parallel phraseological units in all three languages are identified, with an account of the connections motivated by the physical properties of flies, their behaviour and axiology in relation to humans. In each language, different features of the fly are preserved so that the overall images of the insect are different. The frequency of the units with the nominal ‘fly’ in these languages also varies.","PeriodicalId":217804,"journal":{"name":"Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114386917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article surveys the problem of non-binary gender in the context of linguistic experience of speakers of Polish. The first part deals with the notion of non-binary gender, the second part discusses its linguistic aspects, the third part presents the results of a questionnaire conducted among non-binary Polish speakers, the fourth part concludes the discussion and points to possible directions of further research.
{"title":"Non-binary gender in Polish. A pilot study","authors":"Szymon Misiek","doi":"10.17951/et.2021.33.287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/et.2021.33.287","url":null,"abstract":"The article surveys the problem of non-binary gender in the context of linguistic experience of speakers of Polish. The first part deals with the notion of non-binary gender, the second part discusses its linguistic aspects, the third part presents the results of a questionnaire conducted among non-binary Polish speakers, the fourth part concludes the discussion and points to possible directions of further research.","PeriodicalId":217804,"journal":{"name":"Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124761945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article in concerned with the stereotype of democracy in Belarusian journalism from mid-2020 to early 2021. The data come from printed and online sources, in Russian and Belarusian, of various political orientations. It is concluded that the stereotype has acquired a new profile in Belarusian public sphere.
{"title":"Democracy on the basis of Belarusian media (mid 2020 – early 2021)","authors":"A. Rudenka","doi":"10.17951/et.2021.33.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/et.2021.33.39","url":null,"abstract":"The article in concerned with the stereotype of democracy in Belarusian journalism from mid-2020 to early 2021. The data come from printed and online sources, in Russian and Belarusian, of various political orientations. It is concluded that the stereotype has acquired a new profile in Belarusian public sphere.","PeriodicalId":217804,"journal":{"name":"Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114167572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper attempts to define the notion of family in Hausa, an African language which is very distant, both geographically and culturally, from the European context. With reference to the universal features of the notion family, the culture-specific concept of family is discussed, focusing on traditional model of the Hausa family and relations between family members. The main features of the concept are identified through the analysis of the lexicon, phraseology, and structural features. The discussion includes some specific profiles of the concept of family in Hausa, manifested in religious discourse and in the language of popular culture.
{"title":"The concept of family in Hausa","authors":"Nina Pawlak","doi":"10.17951/et.2021.33.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/et.2021.33.49","url":null,"abstract":"The paper attempts to define the notion of family in Hausa, an African language which is very distant, both geographically and culturally, from the European context. With reference to the universal features of the notion family, the culture-specific concept of family is discussed, focusing on traditional model of the Hausa family and relations between family members. The main features of the concept are identified through the analysis of the lexicon, phraseology, and structural features. The discussion includes some specific profiles of the concept of family in Hausa, manifested in religious discourse and in the language of popular culture.","PeriodicalId":217804,"journal":{"name":"Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127889932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents the sources of communicative models of translation, founded on the results of enthnopsycholinguistic contrastive research conducted by the Department of Psycholinguistics and Communication Theory of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (later: Russian Academy of Sciences). It focuses on the description of the relations within the triads of language-ethnos-culture or language-consciousness-culture. The problems raised by ethnopsycholinguists from the point of view of translation include lacunae and linguistic awareness of the participants of communication, including bilingual communication.
{"title":"Russian ethnopsycholinguistics and its implications for translation research","authors":"Ewa Konefał","doi":"10.17951/et.2021.33.187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/et.2021.33.187","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the sources of communicative models of translation, founded on the results of enthnopsycholinguistic contrastive research conducted by the Department of Psycholinguistics and Communication Theory of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (later: Russian Academy of Sciences). It focuses on the description of the relations within the triads of language-ethnos-culture or language-consciousness-culture. The problems raised by ethnopsycholinguists from the point of view of translation include lacunae and linguistic awareness of the participants of communication, including bilingual communication.","PeriodicalId":217804,"journal":{"name":"Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116919374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the second half of twentieth century identity has become one of the central problems in humanities. It is perceived as something to be discovered or constructed. A person lives in a world of values, one of which is one’s individual and collective identity. The aim of this article is to present (from the linguistic perspective) self-identity as value in Wojciech Jagielski’s reportage All Lara’s Wars. The article presents Szamil’s search for and discovery of his own identity, connected with the choice of specific values. These values determine Szamil’s decisions, such as involvement in the Syrian war. His axiological space is thus determined by religion. Divergent axiological hierarchies of Szamil and his mother Lara lead to conflict between them, which is shown here through the opposition of life and death.
{"title":"European or Muslim? Chosen and rejected identity in All Lara’s Wars by Wojciech Jagielski","authors":"Sarah Akram","doi":"10.17951/et.2021.33.305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/et.2021.33.305","url":null,"abstract":"Since the second half of twentieth century identity has become one of the central problems in humanities. It is perceived as something to be discovered or constructed. A person lives in a world of values, one of which is one’s individual and collective identity. The aim of this article is to present (from the linguistic perspective) self-identity as value in Wojciech Jagielski’s reportage All Lara’s Wars. The article presents Szamil’s search for and discovery of his own identity, connected with the choice of specific values. These values determine Szamil’s decisions, such as involvement in the Syrian war. His axiological space is thus determined by religion. Divergent axiological hierarchies of Szamil and his mother Lara lead to conflict between them, which is shown here through the opposition of life and death.","PeriodicalId":217804,"journal":{"name":"Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116802634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study presents an ethnolinguistic approach to the secular pre-standard literature of the so called Slavia Orthodoxa in its final period. In focus are the methodological aspects of the research. The approach proposed here is based on a philological model developed by the author. The model operates on the text level and includes linguistic and non-linguistic (textological and sociolinguistic) properties of text. It has now been extended to cover the ethnolinguistic factor and is applied to the 17th-18th c. East Slavic and Serbian corpus.
{"title":"Older Slavic literature: An ethnolinguistic approach","authors":"A. Kretschmer","doi":"10.17951/et.2021.33.321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/et.2021.33.321","url":null,"abstract":"The study presents an ethnolinguistic approach to the secular pre-standard literature of the so called Slavia Orthodoxa in its final period. In focus are the methodological aspects of the research. The approach proposed here is based on a philological model developed by the author. The model operates on the text level and includes linguistic and non-linguistic (textological and sociolinguistic) properties of text. It has now been extended to cover the ethnolinguistic factor and is applied to the 17th-18th c. East Slavic and Serbian corpus.","PeriodicalId":217804,"journal":{"name":"Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116522842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was inspired by the famous turn of phrase that came from the Polish statesman Władysław Bartoszewski: “It’s good to be decent” (Warto być przyzwoitym). It is frequently quoted in public discourse and invokes decency as a value that is construed intuitively and is difficult to define. The article presents a diachronic analysis of the lexemes przyzwoity ‘decent’ przyzwoitość ‘decency’, and przyzwoicie ‘decently’ since their oldest records until current usage. These lexemes appeared at the beginning of the Middle Polish period but their axiological load was low at that time. The evolution of their meanings – from axiologically neutral to positive – occurred late (in the second half of the 18th c.) and progressed quickly. Their neutral meanings, which were well-documented as late as in the 18th c., disappeared; the lexemes remained in current usage but as axiologically positive ones. Through an analysis of the early contexts an attempt is made to reconstruct of the original sense of decency and to discover its key sense in contemporary Polish.
{"title":"On being decent. The meaning and axiology of the lexemes przyzwoity ‘decent’ and przyzwoitość ‘decency’ in the history of Polish","authors":"B. Raszewska-Żurek","doi":"10.17951/et.2021.33.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/et.2021.33.219","url":null,"abstract":"This study was inspired by the famous turn of phrase that came from the Polish statesman Władysław Bartoszewski: “It’s good to be decent” (Warto być przyzwoitym). It is frequently quoted in public discourse and invokes decency as a value that is construed intuitively and is difficult to define. The article presents a diachronic analysis of the lexemes przyzwoity ‘decent’ przyzwoitość ‘decency’, and przyzwoicie ‘decently’ since their oldest records until current usage. These lexemes appeared at the beginning of the Middle Polish period but their axiological load was low at that time. The evolution of their meanings – from axiologically neutral to positive – occurred late (in the second half of the 18th c.) and progressed quickly. Their neutral meanings, which were well-documented as late as in the 18th c., disappeared; the lexemes remained in current usage but as axiologically positive ones. Through an analysis of the early contexts an attempt is made to reconstruct of the original sense of decency and to discover its key sense in contemporary Polish.","PeriodicalId":217804,"journal":{"name":"Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131385723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article surveys Polish publications on culturemes and discusses the research procedure for identifying them. The following units have been recognized as dialectal culturemes: robota ‘work’, ziymia ‘earth’, biyda ‘poverty’, głód ‘hunger’, śleboda ‘freedom’, honór ‘honour’, krzyz ‘cross’, Pán Bóg ‘God’, Pán Jezus ‘Lord Jesus’, Matka Boská ‘Mother of God’, ksiondz ‘priest; father’, pán ‘lord, master’, gorzáłka ‘vodka’, and chlyb ‘bread’. Polish culturemes include: Pan Bóg ‘God’, Pan Jezus ‘Lord Jesus’, Matka Boska ‘Mother of God’, krzyż ‘cross’, praca ‘work’, honor ‘honour’, bohaterstwo ‘heroism’, odwaga ‘courage’, prawość ‘righteousness’, wolność 'freedom', Polska ‘Poland’, Wisła ‘the Vistula river’, Częstochowa ‘the city of Częstochowa’, Kraków ‘the city of Cracow’, Warszawa ‘the city of Warsaw’, bieda ‘poverty’, chleb ‘bread’, and wódka ‘vodka’. Slavic culturemes are the least numerous: Pan Bóg, Pan Jezus, Matka Boska, krzyż, praca, wolność, honor, chleb, Słowianin ‘Slav’ and wódka.
{"title":"Polish and Slavic dialectal culturemes: Outline of issues","authors":"M. Rak","doi":"10.17951/et.2021.33.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/et.2021.33.25","url":null,"abstract":"This article surveys Polish publications on culturemes and discusses the research procedure for identifying them. The following units have been recognized as dialectal culturemes: robota ‘work’, ziymia ‘earth’, biyda ‘poverty’, głód ‘hunger’, śleboda ‘freedom’, honór ‘honour’, krzyz ‘cross’, Pán Bóg ‘God’, Pán Jezus ‘Lord Jesus’, Matka Boská ‘Mother of God’, ksiondz ‘priest; father’, pán ‘lord, master’, gorzáłka ‘vodka’, and chlyb ‘bread’. Polish culturemes include: Pan Bóg ‘God’, Pan Jezus ‘Lord Jesus’, Matka Boska ‘Mother of God’, krzyż ‘cross’, praca ‘work’, honor ‘honour’, bohaterstwo ‘heroism’, odwaga ‘courage’, prawość ‘righteousness’, wolność 'freedom', Polska ‘Poland’, Wisła ‘the Vistula river’, Częstochowa ‘the city of Częstochowa’, Kraków ‘the city of Cracow’, Warszawa ‘the city of Warsaw’, bieda ‘poverty’, chleb ‘bread’, and wódka ‘vodka’. Slavic culturemes are the least numerous: Pan Bóg, Pan Jezus, Matka Boska, krzyż, praca, wolność, honor, chleb, Słowianin ‘Slav’ and wódka.","PeriodicalId":217804,"journal":{"name":"Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121549412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article focuses on two motivational patterns involved in the axiological concept of health in Russian dialects. These are “health← firmness, strength, power>> and “health ← movement, location in a place>>. It is claimed that recurrent motivation patterns consolidate a large variety of expressions that convey the axiological concept health to a limited number of patterns. This becomes evident when not only word-formational motivation (the so-called “near>> motivation) but also the inner form of a word (the so-called “distant>> motivation) is considered. At the same time, popular consciousness within the boundaries of one pattern can reveal ambivalent views of reality.
{"title":"Semantics and motivation of the concept of health in Russian dialects","authors":"A. Kozhinowa","doi":"10.17951/et.2021.33.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/et.2021.33.67","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on two motivational patterns involved in the axiological concept of health in Russian dialects. These are “health← firmness, strength, power>> and “health ← movement, location in a place>>. It is claimed that recurrent motivation patterns consolidate a large variety of expressions that convey the axiological concept health to a limited number of patterns. This becomes evident when not only word-formational motivation (the so-called “near>> motivation) but also the inner form of a word (the so-called “distant>> motivation) is considered. At the same time, popular consciousness within the boundaries of one pattern can reveal ambivalent views of reality.","PeriodicalId":217804,"journal":{"name":"Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126009528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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