Michelle Giraud, Amir-Homayoun Javadi, Carmen Lenatti, John Allen, Luigi Tamè, Elena Nava
Emotional experiences deeply impact our bodily states, such as when we feel ‘anger’, our fists close and our face burns. Recent studies have shown that emotions can be mapped onto specific body areas, suggesting a possible role of the primary somatosensory system (S1) in emotion processing. To date, however, the causal role of S1 in emotion generation remains unclear. To address this question, we applied transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on the S1 at different frequencies (beta, theta and sham) while participants saw emotional stimuli with different degrees of pleasantness and level of arousal. Results showed that modulation of S1 influenced subjective emotional ratings as a function of the frequency applied. While theta and beta-tACS made participants rate the emotional images as more pleasant (higher valence), only theta-tACS lowered the subjective arousal ratings (more calming). Skin conductance responses recorded throughout the experiment confirmed a different arousal for pleasant vs unpleasant stimuli. Our study revealed that S1 has a causal role in the feeling of emotions, adding new insight into the embodied nature of emotions. Importantly, we provided causal evidence that beta and theta frequencies contribute differently to the modulation of two dimensions of emotions - arousal and valence - corroborating the view of a dissociation between these two dimensions of emotions.
{"title":"The role of the Somatosensory system in the feeling of emotions: a neurostimulation study","authors":"Michelle Giraud, Amir-Homayoun Javadi, Carmen Lenatti, John Allen, Luigi Tamè, Elena Nava","doi":"10.1093/scan/nsae062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsae062","url":null,"abstract":"Emotional experiences deeply impact our bodily states, such as when we feel ‘anger’, our fists close and our face burns. Recent studies have shown that emotions can be mapped onto specific body areas, suggesting a possible role of the primary somatosensory system (S1) in emotion processing. To date, however, the causal role of S1 in emotion generation remains unclear. To address this question, we applied transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on the S1 at different frequencies (beta, theta and sham) while participants saw emotional stimuli with different degrees of pleasantness and level of arousal. Results showed that modulation of S1 influenced subjective emotional ratings as a function of the frequency applied. While theta and beta-tACS made participants rate the emotional images as more pleasant (higher valence), only theta-tACS lowered the subjective arousal ratings (more calming). Skin conductance responses recorded throughout the experiment confirmed a different arousal for pleasant vs unpleasant stimuli. Our study revealed that S1 has a causal role in the feeling of emotions, adding new insight into the embodied nature of emotions. Importantly, we provided causal evidence that beta and theta frequencies contribute differently to the modulation of two dimensions of emotions - arousal and valence - corroborating the view of a dissociation between these two dimensions of emotions.","PeriodicalId":21789,"journal":{"name":"Social cognitive and affective neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142267742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yaner Su, Sander Martens, André Aleman, Jiali Zhou, Pengfei Xu, Yue-jia Luo, Katharina S Goerlich
Social hierarchy is a typical feature of social organization. The ability to quickly recognize social hierarchy information is crucial for adapting to social contexts. Here, we adopted fast periodic visual stimulation (FPVS) with electroencephalography (EEG) to assess the neural responses to social hierarchy during social competition and cooperation, respectively. Participants first learned hierarchical faces from a competitive game versus a cooperative game. We then sequentially presented the learned hierarchical faces with a specific frequency in a set of faces. Results showed that participants rated the inferior player as lower in the social hierarchy in the cooperative context compared to the competitive context, indicating that social context affects the judgment of others’ rank. Moreover, higher neural responses to high and low-hierarchy faces versus medium-hierarchy faces were observed, suggesting rapid discrimination of social hierarchy from faces. Interestingly, rank-specific neural responses were more pronounced in the competitive context than in the cooperative context, indicating increased sensitivity to social hierarchy during social competition versus social cooperation. This study provides behavioral and neural evidence for rapid, automatic processing of social hierarchy information and for an increased sensitivity to such information in competitive versus cooperative social contexts.
{"title":"Increased sensitivity to social hierarchy during social competition versus cooperation","authors":"Yaner Su, Sander Martens, André Aleman, Jiali Zhou, Pengfei Xu, Yue-jia Luo, Katharina S Goerlich","doi":"10.1093/scan/nsae060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsae060","url":null,"abstract":"Social hierarchy is a typical feature of social organization. The ability to quickly recognize social hierarchy information is crucial for adapting to social contexts. Here, we adopted fast periodic visual stimulation (FPVS) with electroencephalography (EEG) to assess the neural responses to social hierarchy during social competition and cooperation, respectively. Participants first learned hierarchical faces from a competitive game versus a cooperative game. We then sequentially presented the learned hierarchical faces with a specific frequency in a set of faces. Results showed that participants rated the inferior player as lower in the social hierarchy in the cooperative context compared to the competitive context, indicating that social context affects the judgment of others’ rank. Moreover, higher neural responses to high and low-hierarchy faces versus medium-hierarchy faces were observed, suggesting rapid discrimination of social hierarchy from faces. Interestingly, rank-specific neural responses were more pronounced in the competitive context than in the cooperative context, indicating increased sensitivity to social hierarchy during social competition versus social cooperation. This study provides behavioral and neural evidence for rapid, automatic processing of social hierarchy information and for an increased sensitivity to such information in competitive versus cooperative social contexts.","PeriodicalId":21789,"journal":{"name":"Social cognitive and affective neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heidi B Westerman, Gabriela L Suarez, Leah S Richmond-Rakerd, Robin Nusslock, Kelly L Klump, S Alexandra Burt, Luke W Hyde
A growing literature links socioeconomic disadvantage and adversity to brain function, including disruptions in reward processing. Less research has examined exposure to community violence as a specific adversity related to differences in reward-related brain activation, despite the prevalence of community violence exposure for those living in disadvantaged contexts. The current study tested whether exposure to community violence was associated with reward-related ventral striatum activation after accounting for familial factors associated with differences in reward-related activation (e.g., parenting, family income). Moreover, we tested whether exposure to community violence is a mechanism linking socioeconomic disadvantage to reward-related activation in the ventral striatum. We utilized data from 444 adolescent twins sampled from birth records and residing in neighborhoods with above-average levels of poverty. Exposure to community violence was associated with greater reward-related ventral striatum activation, and the association remained after accounting for family-level markers of disadvantage. We identified an indirect pathway in which socioeconomic disadvantage predicted greater reward-related activation via greater exposure to community violence, over and above family-level adversity. These findings highlight the unique impact of community violence exposure on reward processing and provide a mechanism through which socioeconomic disadvantage may shape brain function.
{"title":"Exposure to Community Violence as a Mechanism Linking Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Neural Responses to Reward","authors":"Heidi B Westerman, Gabriela L Suarez, Leah S Richmond-Rakerd, Robin Nusslock, Kelly L Klump, S Alexandra Burt, Luke W Hyde","doi":"10.1093/scan/nsae029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsae029","url":null,"abstract":"A growing literature links socioeconomic disadvantage and adversity to brain function, including disruptions in reward processing. Less research has examined exposure to community violence as a specific adversity related to differences in reward-related brain activation, despite the prevalence of community violence exposure for those living in disadvantaged contexts. The current study tested whether exposure to community violence was associated with reward-related ventral striatum activation after accounting for familial factors associated with differences in reward-related activation (e.g., parenting, family income). Moreover, we tested whether exposure to community violence is a mechanism linking socioeconomic disadvantage to reward-related activation in the ventral striatum. We utilized data from 444 adolescent twins sampled from birth records and residing in neighborhoods with above-average levels of poverty. Exposure to community violence was associated with greater reward-related ventral striatum activation, and the association remained after accounting for family-level markers of disadvantage. We identified an indirect pathway in which socioeconomic disadvantage predicted greater reward-related activation via greater exposure to community violence, over and above family-level adversity. These findings highlight the unique impact of community violence exposure on reward processing and provide a mechanism through which socioeconomic disadvantage may shape brain function.","PeriodicalId":21789,"journal":{"name":"Social cognitive and affective neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140565036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura M Tully, Mary Blendermann, Jeffrey R Fine, Lauren N Zakskorn, Matilda Fritz, Gabriella E Hamlett, Shannon T Lamb, Anna K Moody, Julenne Ng, Narimes Parakul, Bryn M Ritter, Raisa Rahim, Grace Yu, Sandra L Taylor
This paper describes the SocialVidStim—a database of video stimuli available to the scientific community depicting positive and negative social evaluative and neutral statements. The SocialVidStim comprises 53 diverse individuals reflecting the demographic makeup of the USA, ranging from 9 to 41 years old, saying 20–60 positive and 20–60 negative social evaluative statements (e.g. ‘You are a very trustworthy/annoying person’), and 20–60 neutral statements (e.g. ‘The sky is blue’), totaling 5793 videos post-production. The SocialVidStim are designed for use in behavioral and functional magetic resonance imaging paradigms, across developmental stages, in diverse populations. This study describes stimuli development and reports initial validity and reliability data on a subset videos (N = 1890) depicting individuals aged 18–41 years. Raters perceive videos as expected: positive videos elicit positively valenced ratings, negative videos elicit negatively valenced ratings and neutral videos are rated as neutral. Test–retest reliability data demonstrate intraclass correlations in the good-to-excellent range for negative and positive videos and the moderate range for neutral videos. We also report small effects on valence and arousal that should be considered during stimuli selection, including match between rater and actor sex and actor believability. The SocialVidStim is a resource for researchers and we offer suggestions for using the SocialVidStim in future research.
{"title":"The SocialVidStim: a video database of positive and negative social evaluation stimuli for use in social cognitive neuroscience paradigms","authors":"Laura M Tully, Mary Blendermann, Jeffrey R Fine, Lauren N Zakskorn, Matilda Fritz, Gabriella E Hamlett, Shannon T Lamb, Anna K Moody, Julenne Ng, Narimes Parakul, Bryn M Ritter, Raisa Rahim, Grace Yu, Sandra L Taylor","doi":"10.1093/scan/nsae024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsae024","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the SocialVidStim—a database of video stimuli available to the scientific community depicting positive and negative social evaluative and neutral statements. The SocialVidStim comprises 53 diverse individuals reflecting the demographic makeup of the USA, ranging from 9 to 41 years old, saying 20–60 positive and 20–60 negative social evaluative statements (e.g. ‘You are a very trustworthy/annoying person’), and 20–60 neutral statements (e.g. ‘The sky is blue’), totaling 5793 videos post-production. The SocialVidStim are designed for use in behavioral and functional magetic resonance imaging paradigms, across developmental stages, in diverse populations. This study describes stimuli development and reports initial validity and reliability data on a subset videos (N = 1890) depicting individuals aged 18–41 years. Raters perceive videos as expected: positive videos elicit positively valenced ratings, negative videos elicit negatively valenced ratings and neutral videos are rated as neutral. Test–retest reliability data demonstrate intraclass correlations in the good-to-excellent range for negative and positive videos and the moderate range for neutral videos. We also report small effects on valence and arousal that should be considered during stimuli selection, including match between rater and actor sex and actor believability. The SocialVidStim is a resource for researchers and we offer suggestions for using the SocialVidStim in future research.","PeriodicalId":21789,"journal":{"name":"Social cognitive and affective neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140564912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Empathy can be divided into two core components, cognitive empathy (CE) and affective empathy (AE), mediated by distinct neural networks. Deficient empathy is a central feature of autism spectrum conditions (ASC), but it is unclear if this deficit results from disruption solely within empathy networks or from disrupted functional integration between cognitive and affective empathy networks. To address this issue, we measured functional connectivity (FC) patterns both within and between empathy networks in autistic children (4–8 years, n = 31) and matched typically developing (TD) children (n = 26) using near-infrared spectroscopy during presentation of an animated story evoking CE and AE. Empathy and social communication ability were also assessed using the Empathy Quotient/Systemizing Quotient (EQ/SQ) and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), respectively. The results showed that the FC in the AE network of autistic children did not differ from the TD group across conditions; however, ASC group showed weaker FC in the CE network under the CE condition and weaker FC between networks when processing AE information, the latter of which was negatively correlated with EQ scores in ASC. The empathy defect in ASC may involve abnormal integration of CE and AE network activities under AE condition.
{"title":"Disrupted cognitive and affective empathy network interactions in autistic children viewing social animation","authors":"Xinrong Guo, Chuanyong Xu, Jierong Chen, Zhiliu Wu, Shumeng Hou, Zhen Wei","doi":"10.1093/scan/nsae028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsae028","url":null,"abstract":"Empathy can be divided into two core components, cognitive empathy (CE) and affective empathy (AE), mediated by distinct neural networks. Deficient empathy is a central feature of autism spectrum conditions (ASC), but it is unclear if this deficit results from disruption solely within empathy networks or from disrupted functional integration between cognitive and affective empathy networks. To address this issue, we measured functional connectivity (FC) patterns both within and between empathy networks in autistic children (4–8 years, n = 31) and matched typically developing (TD) children (n = 26) using near-infrared spectroscopy during presentation of an animated story evoking CE and AE. Empathy and social communication ability were also assessed using the Empathy Quotient/Systemizing Quotient (EQ/SQ) and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), respectively. The results showed that the FC in the AE network of autistic children did not differ from the TD group across conditions; however, ASC group showed weaker FC in the CE network under the CE condition and weaker FC between networks when processing AE information, the latter of which was negatively correlated with EQ scores in ASC. The empathy defect in ASC may involve abnormal integration of CE and AE network activities under AE condition.","PeriodicalId":21789,"journal":{"name":"Social cognitive and affective neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140565220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christel M Portengen, Anneloes L van Baar, Joyce J Endendijk
Gender stereotypes facilitate people’s processing of social information by providing assumptions about expected behaviors and preferences. When gendered expectations are violated, people often respond negatively, both on a behavioral and neural level. Little is known about the impact of family kinship on the behavioral and neural reactions to gender-stereotype violations. Therefore, we examined whether parents show different responses when gender stereotypes are violated by their own children versus unknown children. The sample comprised 74 Dutch families with a father (Mage = 37.54), mother (Mage = 35.83), son and daughter aged 3-6 years. Electro-encephalography (EEG) measurements were obtained while parents viewed pictures of their own and unknown children paired with toy or problem behavior words that violated or confirmed gender stereotypes. In half of the trials, parents evaluated the appropriateness of toy-gender and behavior-gender combinations. Parents showed stronger LPP amplitudes toward gender stereotype-violating behaviors by own children compared to unknown children. Moreover, parents’ P1 responses toward gender stereotype-violating child behaviors were stronger for boys than for girls, and for parents who evaluated gender-stereotype violations as less appropriate than gender-stereotype confirmations. The findings indicated that gender-stereotype violations by parents’ own children are particularly salient and viewed as less appropriate than gender-stereotype confirmations.
{"title":"Mothers’ and Fathers’ Neural Responses Toward Gender-Stereotype Violations by their Own Children","authors":"Christel M Portengen, Anneloes L van Baar, Joyce J Endendijk","doi":"10.1093/scan/nsae025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsae025","url":null,"abstract":"Gender stereotypes facilitate people’s processing of social information by providing assumptions about expected behaviors and preferences. When gendered expectations are violated, people often respond negatively, both on a behavioral and neural level. Little is known about the impact of family kinship on the behavioral and neural reactions to gender-stereotype violations. Therefore, we examined whether parents show different responses when gender stereotypes are violated by their own children versus unknown children. The sample comprised 74 Dutch families with a father (Mage = 37.54), mother (Mage = 35.83), son and daughter aged 3-6 years. Electro-encephalography (EEG) measurements were obtained while parents viewed pictures of their own and unknown children paired with toy or problem behavior words that violated or confirmed gender stereotypes. In half of the trials, parents evaluated the appropriateness of toy-gender and behavior-gender combinations. Parents showed stronger LPP amplitudes toward gender stereotype-violating behaviors by own children compared to unknown children. Moreover, parents’ P1 responses toward gender stereotype-violating child behaviors were stronger for boys than for girls, and for parents who evaluated gender-stereotype violations as less appropriate than gender-stereotype confirmations. The findings indicated that gender-stereotype violations by parents’ own children are particularly salient and viewed as less appropriate than gender-stereotype confirmations.","PeriodicalId":21789,"journal":{"name":"Social cognitive and affective neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140564788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna Zamm, Janeen D Loehr, Cordula Vesper, Ivana Konvalinka, Simon L Kappel, Ole A Heggli, Peter Vuust, Peter E Keller
Developments in cognitive neuroscience have led to the emergence of hyperscanning, the simultaneous measurement of brain activity from multiple people. Hyperscanning is useful for investigating social cognition, including joint action, because of its ability to capture neural processes that occur within and between people as they coordinate actions toward a shared goal. Here, we provide a practical guide for researchers considering using hyperscanning to study joint action and seeking to avoid frequently raised concerns from hyperscanning skeptics. We focus specifically on EEG hyperscanning, which is widely available and optimally suited for capturing fine-grained temporal dynamics of action coordination. Our guidelines cover questions that are likely to arise when planning a hyperscanning project, ranging from whether hyperscanning is appropriate for answering one’s research questions to considerations for study design, dependent variable selection, data analysis, and visualization. By following clear guidelines that facilitate careful consideration of the theoretical implications of research design choices and other methodological decisions, joint action researchers can mitigate interpretability issues and maximize the benefits of hyperscanning paradigms.
{"title":"A Practical Guide to EEG Hyperscanning in Joint Action Research: From Motivation to Implementation","authors":"Anna Zamm, Janeen D Loehr, Cordula Vesper, Ivana Konvalinka, Simon L Kappel, Ole A Heggli, Peter Vuust, Peter E Keller","doi":"10.1093/scan/nsae026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsae026","url":null,"abstract":"Developments in cognitive neuroscience have led to the emergence of hyperscanning, the simultaneous measurement of brain activity from multiple people. Hyperscanning is useful for investigating social cognition, including joint action, because of its ability to capture neural processes that occur within and between people as they coordinate actions toward a shared goal. Here, we provide a practical guide for researchers considering using hyperscanning to study joint action and seeking to avoid frequently raised concerns from hyperscanning skeptics. We focus specifically on EEG hyperscanning, which is widely available and optimally suited for capturing fine-grained temporal dynamics of action coordination. Our guidelines cover questions that are likely to arise when planning a hyperscanning project, ranging from whether hyperscanning is appropriate for answering one’s research questions to considerations for study design, dependent variable selection, data analysis, and visualization. By following clear guidelines that facilitate careful consideration of the theoretical implications of research design choices and other methodological decisions, joint action researchers can mitigate interpretability issues and maximize the benefits of hyperscanning paradigms.","PeriodicalId":21789,"journal":{"name":"Social cognitive and affective neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140565102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent work has demonstrated that reminders of those we are closest to have a unique combination of effects on fear learning and represent a new category of fear inhibitors, termed prepared fear suppressors. Notably, social-support-figure images have been shown to resist becoming associated with fear, suppress conditional-fear-responding, and lead to long-term fear reduction. Due to the novelty of this category, understanding the underlying neural mechanisms that support these unique abilities of social-support-reminders has yet to be investigated. Here, we examined the neural correlates that enable social-support-reminders to resist becoming associated with fear during a retardation-of-acquisition test. We found that social-support-figure-images (vs. stranger-images) were less readily associated with fear, replicating prior work, and that this effect was associated with decreased amygdala activity and increased ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) activity for social-support-figure-images (vs. stranger-images), suggesting that social-support-engagement of the VMPFC and consequent inhibition of the amygdala may contribute to unique their inhibitory effects. Connectivity analyses supported this interpretation, showing greater connectivity between the VMPFC and left amygdala for social-support-figure-images (vs. stranger-images).
{"title":"Social Support and Fear-inhibition: An Examination of Underlying Neural Mechanisms","authors":"E.A Hornstein, C.J Leschak, M.H Parrish, K.E Byrne-Haltom, M.S Fanselow, M.G Craske, N.I Eisenberger","doi":"10.1093/scan/nsae002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsae002","url":null,"abstract":"Recent work has demonstrated that reminders of those we are closest to have a unique combination of effects on fear learning and represent a new category of fear inhibitors, termed prepared fear suppressors. Notably, social-support-figure images have been shown to resist becoming associated with fear, suppress conditional-fear-responding, and lead to long-term fear reduction. Due to the novelty of this category, understanding the underlying neural mechanisms that support these unique abilities of social-support-reminders has yet to be investigated. Here, we examined the neural correlates that enable social-support-reminders to resist becoming associated with fear during a retardation-of-acquisition test. We found that social-support-figure-images (vs. stranger-images) were less readily associated with fear, replicating prior work, and that this effect was associated with decreased amygdala activity and increased ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) activity for social-support-figure-images (vs. stranger-images), suggesting that social-support-engagement of the VMPFC and consequent inhibition of the amygdala may contribute to unique their inhibitory effects. Connectivity analyses supported this interpretation, showing greater connectivity between the VMPFC and left amygdala for social-support-figure-images (vs. stranger-images).","PeriodicalId":21789,"journal":{"name":"Social cognitive and affective neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139459122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Successful recovery from stress is integral for adaptive responding to the environment. At a cellular level, this involves (slow genomic) actions of cortisol, which alter or reverse rapid effects of noradrenaline and cortisol associated with acute stress. At the network scale, stress recovery is less well understood but assumed to involve changes within salience-, executive control-, and default mode networks. To date, few studies have investigated this phase and directly tested these assumptions. Here we present results from a double-blind, placebo-controlled, between-groups paradigm (N =165 healthy males) administering 10 mg oral yohimbine and/or 10 mg oral hydrocortisone two hours prior to resting state scanning. We found no changes in within network connectivity of the three networks, both after single and combined drug administration. We further report the results of Bayesian parameter inference to provide evidence for the null hypothesis. Our results contrast with previous findings, which may be attributable to systematic differences between paradigms, highlighting the need to isolate paradigm-specific effects from those related to stress.
{"title":"No Changes in Triple Network Engagement Following (Combined) Noradrenergic and Glucocorticoid Stimulation in Healthy Men","authors":"Renée Lipka, Catarina Rosada, Sophie Metz, Julian Hellmann-Regen, Hauke Heekeren, Katja Wingenfeld","doi":"10.1093/scan/nsad073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsad073","url":null,"abstract":"Successful recovery from stress is integral for adaptive responding to the environment. At a cellular level, this involves (slow genomic) actions of cortisol, which alter or reverse rapid effects of noradrenaline and cortisol associated with acute stress. At the network scale, stress recovery is less well understood but assumed to involve changes within salience-, executive control-, and default mode networks. To date, few studies have investigated this phase and directly tested these assumptions. Here we present results from a double-blind, placebo-controlled, between-groups paradigm (N =165 healthy males) administering 10 mg oral yohimbine and/or 10 mg oral hydrocortisone two hours prior to resting state scanning. We found no changes in within network connectivity of the three networks, both after single and combined drug administration. We further report the results of Bayesian parameter inference to provide evidence for the null hypothesis. Our results contrast with previous findings, which may be attributable to systematic differences between paradigms, highlighting the need to isolate paradigm-specific effects from those related to stress.","PeriodicalId":21789,"journal":{"name":"Social cognitive and affective neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138825368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ability to accurately decode others’ facial expressions is essential for successful social interaction. Previous theories suggest that aspects of parental emotionality—the frequency, persistence, and intensity of parents’ own emotions—can influence children’s emotion perception. Through a combination of mechanisms, parental emotionality may shape how children’s brains specialize to respond to emotional expressions, but empirical data is lacking. The present study provides a direct empirical test of the relation between the intensity, persistence, and frequency of parents’ own emotions and children’s neural responses to perceiving emotional expressions. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded as typically developing 3 to 5-year-old children (final Ns = 59 and 50) passively viewed faces expressing different emotional valences (happy, angry, fearful) at full and reduced intensity (100% intense expression, 40% intense expression). We examined relations between parental emotionality (as self-reported on the Nock et al., 2008 Emotion Reactivity Scale) and children’s mean amplitude ERP N170 and Nc responses. Findings demonstrate a clear relation between parental emotionality and children’s neural responses (in the N170 mean amplitude and latency) to emotional expressions and suggest that parents may influence children’s emotion-processing neural circuitry.
{"title":"Parental Emotionality is Related to Preschool Children’s Neural Responses to Emotional Faces","authors":"Ruohan Xia, Megan J Heise, Lindsay C Bowman","doi":"10.1093/scan/nsad078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsad078","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to accurately decode others’ facial expressions is essential for successful social interaction. Previous theories suggest that aspects of parental emotionality—the frequency, persistence, and intensity of parents’ own emotions—can influence children’s emotion perception. Through a combination of mechanisms, parental emotionality may shape how children’s brains specialize to respond to emotional expressions, but empirical data is lacking. The present study provides a direct empirical test of the relation between the intensity, persistence, and frequency of parents’ own emotions and children’s neural responses to perceiving emotional expressions. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded as typically developing 3 to 5-year-old children (final Ns = 59 and 50) passively viewed faces expressing different emotional valences (happy, angry, fearful) at full and reduced intensity (100% intense expression, 40% intense expression). We examined relations between parental emotionality (as self-reported on the Nock et al., 2008 Emotion Reactivity Scale) and children’s mean amplitude ERP N170 and Nc responses. Findings demonstrate a clear relation between parental emotionality and children’s neural responses (in the N170 mean amplitude and latency) to emotional expressions and suggest that parents may influence children’s emotion-processing neural circuitry.","PeriodicalId":21789,"journal":{"name":"Social cognitive and affective neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138826929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：