Pub Date : 1994-10-11DOI: 10.1109/NORTHC.1994.643397
G.E. Durtler
The ability to shorten production lead time while dealing with orders of smaller batch sizes has become increasingly important to remain competitive for PCB manufacturers. In addition, manufacturers are frequently asked to make up time that was lost earlier in the design or bare-board fabrication stages. The manufacturer can play a key role in reducing the time to go from specification to finished product and save money in the process. Using a CAD translator makes good sense for captive manufacturers with a single CAD standard and an integrated link to manufacturing. Contract manufacturers stand to benefit greatly from adapting a Gerber-based conversion and programming system to handle data from the multitude of CAD systems in a unified approach.
{"title":"Getting to market faster. II. Reduce manufacturing turn-around","authors":"G.E. Durtler","doi":"10.1109/NORTHC.1994.643397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NORTHC.1994.643397","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to shorten production lead time while dealing with orders of smaller batch sizes has become increasingly important to remain competitive for PCB manufacturers. In addition, manufacturers are frequently asked to make up time that was lost earlier in the design or bare-board fabrication stages. The manufacturer can play a key role in reducing the time to go from specification to finished product and save money in the process. Using a CAD translator makes good sense for captive manufacturers with a single CAD standard and an integrated link to manufacturing. Contract manufacturers stand to benefit greatly from adapting a Gerber-based conversion and programming system to handle data from the multitude of CAD systems in a unified approach.","PeriodicalId":218454,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of NORTHCON '94","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126864663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-11DOI: 10.1109/NORTHC.1994.643347
E. Triantaphyllou
A critical issue in all real life decision-making problems, is the effective estimation of the pertinent data. Often data are difficult to estimate with accuracy, or too dynamic to allow for a timely estimation. This is the case with most of the environmental, resource management, maintenance, economic, agricultural, and manufacturing problems, especially in the United States. If the input data are not correct, then the decision making process may cause a problem more severe than the one which it intended to solve. In this paper we propose an approach for a cost-effective estimation of the pertinent data. This approach is based on a sequence of successive sensitivity analyses.
{"title":"Decision making in engineering and business: a cost-effective approach","authors":"E. Triantaphyllou","doi":"10.1109/NORTHC.1994.643347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NORTHC.1994.643347","url":null,"abstract":"A critical issue in all real life decision-making problems, is the effective estimation of the pertinent data. Often data are difficult to estimate with accuracy, or too dynamic to allow for a timely estimation. This is the case with most of the environmental, resource management, maintenance, economic, agricultural, and manufacturing problems, especially in the United States. If the input data are not correct, then the decision making process may cause a problem more severe than the one which it intended to solve. In this paper we propose an approach for a cost-effective estimation of the pertinent data. This approach is based on a sequence of successive sensitivity analyses.","PeriodicalId":218454,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of NORTHCON '94","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129459633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-11DOI: 10.1109/NORTHC.1994.643336
K. A. Kacoroski
{"title":"Creating An Organizational Learning Culture For Effective Reengineering Efforts","authors":"K. A. Kacoroski","doi":"10.1109/NORTHC.1994.643336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NORTHC.1994.643336","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":218454,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of NORTHCON '94","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134424461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-11DOI: 10.1109/NORTHC.1994.643369
R. B. Mintz
An introduction to systems engineering is given. The different perspectives of what systems engineering means to different people are shown. The different process models developed over time for systems engineering are then presented. Certain fundamentals of the systems engineering approach are listed and discussed. Finally, future trends in systems engineering are highlighted.
{"title":"Systems engineering fundamentals","authors":"R. B. Mintz","doi":"10.1109/NORTHC.1994.643369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NORTHC.1994.643369","url":null,"abstract":"An introduction to systems engineering is given. The different perspectives of what systems engineering means to different people are shown. The different process models developed over time for systems engineering are then presented. Certain fundamentals of the systems engineering approach are listed and discussed. Finally, future trends in systems engineering are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":218454,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of NORTHCON '94","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132089488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-11DOI: 10.1109/NORTHC.1994.639674
J. Droppo
The purpose of any control system is to control the outputs of a plant in a manner described by the inputs to the control system. If a mathematical model for the plant is known, engineers can find the best linear controller to elicit the desired response. Linear controllers are well understood because they are described with solvable equations based on linear combinations of the inputs, outputs, and their derivatives. Other types of controllers are theoretically possible, but do not lend themselves to direct mathematical analysis. One such alternative to linear control is fuzzy control. Using fuzzy logic, a controller can be designed that outperforms linear controllers. The nonlinearities introduced, however, make it difficult to characterize the control system and therefore to determine relative stability or the optimality of the design.
{"title":"Fuzzy controllers compared with linear digital controllers","authors":"J. Droppo","doi":"10.1109/NORTHC.1994.639674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NORTHC.1994.639674","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of any control system is to control the outputs of a plant in a manner described by the inputs to the control system. If a mathematical model for the plant is known, engineers can find the best linear controller to elicit the desired response. Linear controllers are well understood because they are described with solvable equations based on linear combinations of the inputs, outputs, and their derivatives. Other types of controllers are theoretically possible, but do not lend themselves to direct mathematical analysis. One such alternative to linear control is fuzzy control. Using fuzzy logic, a controller can be designed that outperforms linear controllers. The nonlinearities introduced, however, make it difficult to characterize the control system and therefore to determine relative stability or the optimality of the design.","PeriodicalId":218454,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of NORTHCON '94","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124783764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-11DOI: 10.1109/NORTHC.1994.643346
J. Rosenberg
Static RAM based field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) solve the overhead problem because they can be reconfigured in-system any number of times. This unique capability allows the same device to perform a variety of functions without increasing board space or power or sacrificing system performance. When the system is powered up, a special diagnostic configuration can be loaded into the FPGA and test vectors can be applied to the device. Once circuit and board integrity are verified, another configuration file can be loaded into the SRAM cells of the FPGA. Subsequent configuration files can contain any number of logic configurations for the device, enabling it to perform system-level functions. With some thought and creativity, any SRAM FPGA can be configured to test itself. As more and more engineers incorporate on-chip diagnostics into their FPGA designs, self-testing applications will become more sophisticated. This paper explores the dual role of reconfigurable FPGAs in-system: system level logic functions and in-system diagnostics.
{"title":"Reconfigurable FPGA's dual role: in-system test and system level logic","authors":"J. Rosenberg","doi":"10.1109/NORTHC.1994.643346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NORTHC.1994.643346","url":null,"abstract":"Static RAM based field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) solve the overhead problem because they can be reconfigured in-system any number of times. This unique capability allows the same device to perform a variety of functions without increasing board space or power or sacrificing system performance. When the system is powered up, a special diagnostic configuration can be loaded into the FPGA and test vectors can be applied to the device. Once circuit and board integrity are verified, another configuration file can be loaded into the SRAM cells of the FPGA. Subsequent configuration files can contain any number of logic configurations for the device, enabling it to perform system-level functions. With some thought and creativity, any SRAM FPGA can be configured to test itself. As more and more engineers incorporate on-chip diagnostics into their FPGA designs, self-testing applications will become more sophisticated. This paper explores the dual role of reconfigurable FPGAs in-system: system level logic functions and in-system diagnostics.","PeriodicalId":218454,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of NORTHCON '94","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128935862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-11DOI: 10.1109/NORTHC.1994.643358
M. Sauerwald
Monolithic current feedback amplifiers have been on the market now for a decade. When they were first introduced, they offered unequalled bandwidths for the price. Since that time design techniques that take advantage of the new complementary bipolar processes have allowed conventional or voltage feedback designs to bring comparable speeds, power and price to the marketplace. The purpose of this paper is to give a brief overview of the current feedback and voltage feedback topologies, and in light of this to then compare the performance of high speed amplifiers in their speed as well as the secondary areas of noise and distortion. Given this basis, guidelines are given to the design engineer which will allow him or her to select the topology best suited for a particular application.
{"title":"Current feedback and voltage feedback. The choice amplifiers: which one to use, when and why","authors":"M. Sauerwald","doi":"10.1109/NORTHC.1994.643358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NORTHC.1994.643358","url":null,"abstract":"Monolithic current feedback amplifiers have been on the market now for a decade. When they were first introduced, they offered unequalled bandwidths for the price. Since that time design techniques that take advantage of the new complementary bipolar processes have allowed conventional or voltage feedback designs to bring comparable speeds, power and price to the marketplace. The purpose of this paper is to give a brief overview of the current feedback and voltage feedback topologies, and in light of this to then compare the performance of high speed amplifiers in their speed as well as the secondary areas of noise and distortion. Given this basis, guidelines are given to the design engineer which will allow him or her to select the topology best suited for a particular application.","PeriodicalId":218454,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of NORTHCON '94","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130215964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-11DOI: 10.1109/NORTHC.1994.643364
F. Hinchliffe
This paper describes the impact that recent changes to VHDL in the area of ASIC modeling will have upon the Epoch IC design system. Epoch delay modeling and simulation support have been implemented to provide for the critically important needs of post-layout simulation.
{"title":"Epoch IC design system response to VHDL/VITAL requirements","authors":"F. Hinchliffe","doi":"10.1109/NORTHC.1994.643364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NORTHC.1994.643364","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the impact that recent changes to VHDL in the area of ASIC modeling will have upon the Epoch IC design system. Epoch delay modeling and simulation support have been implemented to provide for the critically important needs of post-layout simulation.","PeriodicalId":218454,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of NORTHCON '94","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125805753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-11DOI: 10.1109/NORTHC.1994.643349
M. Brace
Recently Puget Power decided to standardize on a conductor for use on 230 kV transmission lines. This report is a summary of the selection process. The study began with the identification of nine ACSR candidate conductors, all of which meet minimum load capacity and audible noise criteria. in addition to cost, five other factors were considered important in selecting the best conductor. These five criteria were design, construction, maintenance, permitting, and capacity. A quick comparison of each conductor against each of the six criteria showed that none of the conductors was best in all categories. Since no one conductor dominated, it became necessary to establish the relative importance of the six criteria in order to rank the candidate conductors.
{"title":"230 kV transmission conductor selection","authors":"M. Brace","doi":"10.1109/NORTHC.1994.643349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NORTHC.1994.643349","url":null,"abstract":"Recently Puget Power decided to standardize on a conductor for use on 230 kV transmission lines. This report is a summary of the selection process. The study began with the identification of nine ACSR candidate conductors, all of which meet minimum load capacity and audible noise criteria. in addition to cost, five other factors were considered important in selecting the best conductor. These five criteria were design, construction, maintenance, permitting, and capacity. A quick comparison of each conductor against each of the six criteria showed that none of the conductors was best in all categories. Since no one conductor dominated, it became necessary to establish the relative importance of the six criteria in order to rank the candidate conductors.","PeriodicalId":218454,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of NORTHCON '94","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127761131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-11DOI: 10.1109/NORTHC.1994.643359
H. Zumbahlen
Driving high speed Analog to Digital Converters (ADCs) takes more than just shoving a signal into the input. Several aspects ofthe design of the converter must be taken into account. This starts with understanding what type of converter you are using. This will in turn give you a clue to parameters such as input impedance and input voltage ranges, which will influence your selection of amplifier to drive the input. No part can be considered except in the context of the complete system. In this context the author discusses flash converters, high-speed amplifiers, input protection, subranging converters, references, clocks, grounding and power.
{"title":"Driving high speed analog to digital converters","authors":"H. Zumbahlen","doi":"10.1109/NORTHC.1994.643359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NORTHC.1994.643359","url":null,"abstract":"Driving high speed Analog to Digital Converters (ADCs) takes more than just shoving a signal into the input. Several aspects ofthe design of the converter must be taken into account. This starts with understanding what type of converter you are using. This will in turn give you a clue to parameters such as input impedance and input voltage ranges, which will influence your selection of amplifier to drive the input. No part can be considered except in the context of the complete system. In this context the author discusses flash converters, high-speed amplifiers, input protection, subranging converters, references, clocks, grounding and power.","PeriodicalId":218454,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of NORTHCON '94","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122898329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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