For investigating the suitable methoxysilane and its oligomer for improving the tensile strength of treated paper after its hydrolysis and poly-condensation, three methoxysilanes (tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) , methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) and dimethyldimethoxysilane) and two oligomers (TMOS and MTMS oligomers) were impregnated into the base paper using titanium butoxide as the reaction accelerator. Among the three methoxysilanes, the highest impregnated weight (7.2 g/m 2 ) was obtained when a TMOS solution was used. The highest tensile strength was obtained when an MTMS solution was treated (4.3 kN/m, 130 % increase compared to the base paper). On the other hand, for the two oligomers, the highest weight was 50 g/m 2 and the highest strength was 6.8 kN/m (200 % increase) when an MTMS oligomer solution was treated. These differences in the improvement of the weight and strength between the monomer solutions and the oligomer ones were due to the monomer's high volatility. The reason why the MTMS oligomer produced the highest strength treated paper is attributed to its molecular characteristics. Because the MTMS has one unhydrolyzable group (methyl group) and three hydrolyzable groups (methoxy groups), it is assumed that the balance between the flexibility resulting from the methyl group and the hardness from the methoxy groups produced the moderate tension in the generated polymer. The MTMS oligomer has the same balance as the MTMS. Among the MTMS oligomers having different degrees (n = 3.1, 4.4, 6.3, 8.7, 12.4 and 26.1 ) , there was only a slight difference in strength. The most suitable methoxysilane compound for improvement of the tensile strength was the MTMS oligomer.
{"title":"Suitable Methoxysilane and Its Oligomer for Tensile Strength Improvement in Treated Paper Using Titanium Butoxide as Reaction Accelerator","authors":"O. Yagi, Kazumi Suzuki, Tomokuni Onoe, F. Ohishi","doi":"10.4011/SHIKIZAI.83.411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4011/SHIKIZAI.83.411","url":null,"abstract":"For investigating the suitable methoxysilane and its oligomer for improving the tensile strength of treated paper after its hydrolysis and poly-condensation, three methoxysilanes (tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) , methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) and dimethyldimethoxysilane) and two oligomers (TMOS and MTMS oligomers) were impregnated into the base paper using titanium butoxide as the reaction accelerator. Among the three methoxysilanes, the highest impregnated weight (7.2 g/m 2 ) was obtained when a TMOS solution was used. The highest tensile strength was obtained when an MTMS solution was treated (4.3 kN/m, 130 % increase compared to the base paper). On the other hand, for the two oligomers, the highest weight was 50 g/m 2 and the highest strength was 6.8 kN/m (200 % increase) when an MTMS oligomer solution was treated. These differences in the improvement of the weight and strength between the monomer solutions and the oligomer ones were due to the monomer's high volatility. The reason why the MTMS oligomer produced the highest strength treated paper is attributed to its molecular characteristics. Because the MTMS has one unhydrolyzable group (methyl group) and three hydrolyzable groups (methoxy groups), it is assumed that the balance between the flexibility resulting from the methyl group and the hardness from the methoxy groups produced the moderate tension in the generated polymer. The MTMS oligomer has the same balance as the MTMS. Among the MTMS oligomers having different degrees (n = 3.1, 4.4, 6.3, 8.7, 12.4 and 26.1 ) , there was only a slight difference in strength. The most suitable methoxysilane compound for improvement of the tensile strength was the MTMS oligomer.","PeriodicalId":21870,"journal":{"name":"Shikizai Kyokaishi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75125058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Sawada, Yoshitaka Okada, Yuki Goto, Takayuki Fukui, T. Shibukawa, S. Kodama, Masashi Sugiya
New fluoroalkyl end-capped vinyltrimethoxysilane oligomer - ionic liquid silica nanocomposites were prepared by sol-gel reaction of the corresponding oligomer in the presence of phosphorus-type ionic liquid: tri-n-butyl- [3- (trimethoxysilyl) propyl] phosphonium chloride under alkaline conditions. These fluorinated nanocomposites were found to apply to the surface modification of glass, and the modified glass surface exhibited a high oleophobicity imparted by fluoroalkyl groups in nanocomposites. Interestingly, this modified glass surface was found to show superhydrophilicity derived from hydrophilic cationic ionic liquid segments through the flip-flop motion between fluoroalkyl groups and the ionic liquid segments in nancomposites when the surface environment is changed from air to water.
{"title":"Application of Ionic Liquid as Surface Modifier: Switching Behavior of Novel Fluoroalkyl End-capped Vinytrimethoxysilane Oligomer — Tri-n-butyl-[(3-trimethoxysilyl) propyl] phosphonium Chloride Silica Nanocomposites between Superhydrophilicity and Oleophobicity","authors":"H. Sawada, Yoshitaka Okada, Yuki Goto, Takayuki Fukui, T. Shibukawa, S. Kodama, Masashi Sugiya","doi":"10.4011/SHIKIZAI.83.368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4011/SHIKIZAI.83.368","url":null,"abstract":"New fluoroalkyl end-capped vinyltrimethoxysilane oligomer - ionic liquid silica nanocomposites were prepared by sol-gel reaction of the corresponding oligomer in the presence of phosphorus-type ionic liquid: tri-n-butyl- [3- (trimethoxysilyl) propyl] phosphonium chloride under alkaline conditions. These fluorinated nanocomposites were found to apply to the surface modification of glass, and the modified glass surface exhibited a high oleophobicity imparted by fluoroalkyl groups in nanocomposites. Interestingly, this modified glass surface was found to show superhydrophilicity derived from hydrophilic cationic ionic liquid segments through the flip-flop motion between fluoroalkyl groups and the ionic liquid segments in nancomposites when the surface environment is changed from air to water.","PeriodicalId":21870,"journal":{"name":"Shikizai Kyokaishi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75152415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preparation of Interference Colors and High Luster Pearlescent Pigments Provided by Thin Film Laminations with Different Refractive Index","authors":"F. Suzuki, Yukio Murui, M. Adachi, K. Hashimoto, Y. Toda","doi":"10.4011/SHIKIZAI.81.429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4011/SHIKIZAI.81.429","url":null,"abstract":"板状粒子表面に金属酸化物を微細な粒子として薄膜で被覆すると，干渉現象が起きる。金属酸化物として二酸化チタンおよび酸化鉄をマイカ表面に積層することで有色のパール顔料を調製した。2種の金属酸化物の厚さおよび積層の順序を変えた種々の条件を検討した結果，マイカ表面に酸化鉄・二酸化チタンの順に，下層に吸収特性をもち，高屈折率である酸化鉄層を形成させると，より高彩度の着色パール顔料が得られることがわかった。また，積層の順序によりフリップ・フロップ効果に差があることが観察された。","PeriodicalId":21870,"journal":{"name":"Shikizai Kyokaishi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77244484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Sakai, Hiroki Kohno, Hideki Hagiwara, T. Ogura, H. Shibata, K. Sakai, T. Ohkubo, M. Abe
Titania/surfactant composite particles with nanoscale ordered structure have been prepared by hydrolysis and condensation reactions of titanium oxysulfate in the presence of molecular assemblies formed at aqueous mixtures of cationic and anionic surfactants as structure-directing agents. When cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium octylsulfate (SOS) were used as cationic and anionic surfactants, respectively, particles with hexagonal type ordered nanostructure were obtained at CTAB-rich compositions and their repetition unit increased with increasing SOS content, while the hexagonal structure changed to lamellar structure at a certain SOS content and the repetition unit decreased above this content. These results showed that precise control of geometry and size of the nanoscale-ordered structure is possible by manipulation of the compositions of cationic CTAB and anionic SOS.
{"title":"カチオン/アニオン界面活性剤混合系を利用したチタニア/界面活性剤複合粒子の調製とナノ構造制御","authors":"H. Sakai, Hiroki Kohno, Hideki Hagiwara, T. Ogura, H. Shibata, K. Sakai, T. Ohkubo, M. Abe","doi":"10.4011/SHIKIZAI.81.325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4011/SHIKIZAI.81.325","url":null,"abstract":"Titania/surfactant composite particles with nanoscale ordered structure have been prepared by hydrolysis and condensation reactions of titanium oxysulfate in the presence of molecular assemblies formed at aqueous mixtures of cationic and anionic surfactants as structure-directing agents. When cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium octylsulfate (SOS) were used as cationic and anionic surfactants, respectively, particles with hexagonal type ordered nanostructure were obtained at CTAB-rich compositions and their repetition unit increased with increasing SOS content, while the hexagonal structure changed to lamellar structure at a certain SOS content and the repetition unit decreased above this content. These results showed that precise control of geometry and size of the nanoscale-ordered structure is possible by manipulation of the compositions of cationic CTAB and anionic SOS.","PeriodicalId":21870,"journal":{"name":"Shikizai Kyokaishi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87625303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Importance of Physicochemical Characterization of Pharmaceuticals","authors":"E. Yonemochi","doi":"10.4011/SHIKIZAI.81.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4011/SHIKIZAI.81.48","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21870,"journal":{"name":"Shikizai Kyokaishi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76488004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of Surface Properties of Polymeric Materials by Atomic Force Microscopy","authors":"K. Nakajima, S. Fujinami, T. Nishi","doi":"10.4011/SHIKIZAI.81.354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4011/SHIKIZAI.81.354","url":null,"abstract":"原子間力顕微鏡をナノ触診技術へと昇華させ, 高分子材料表面の物性評価手段として活用するための基礎理論と先行技術であるナノインデンターとの比較を解説した。特に完全弾性体を記述するためのヘルツ接触理論, 凝着の効果を取り入れたJKR理論がどのような形で原子間力顕微鏡による力測定に利用できるかを説明するとともに, 実際の応用事例としてゴムブレンドや塗料材料への適用事例を紹介した。","PeriodicalId":21870,"journal":{"name":"Shikizai Kyokaishi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90531512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Hiraiwa, K. Torigoe, Tomokazu Yoshimura, K. Esumi
Direct measurement of interaction forces between bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorbed layers on amino-thiolated gold surfaces has been carried out using colloidal probe atomic force microscopy (AFM). The substrate was prepared via self-assembly of 2-aminoethanethiol on gold in aqueous media. In the absence of BSA, an electric double layer interaction was observed, resulting from protonation of the primary amine groups on the gold surface. Similar electric double layer repulsions were seen in the presence of BSA over a whole range of BSA concentration investigated. These repulsive interactions were found to be dependent on the BSA concentration, that is, the magnitude of the repulsion increases with the BSA concentration. This phenomenon is attributed to the difference in the adsorbed amount of BSA on the amino-thiolated gold surface, which was confirmed using a 27 MHz quartz crystal microbalance (QCM).
{"title":"Interaction Forces between BSA Adsorbed Layer on Amino-Thiolated Gold Surfaces","authors":"D. Hiraiwa, K. Torigoe, Tomokazu Yoshimura, K. Esumi","doi":"10.4011/SHIKIZAI.81.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4011/SHIKIZAI.81.2","url":null,"abstract":"Direct measurement of interaction forces between bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorbed layers on amino-thiolated gold surfaces has been carried out using colloidal probe atomic force microscopy (AFM). The substrate was prepared via self-assembly of 2-aminoethanethiol on gold in aqueous media. In the absence of BSA, an electric double layer interaction was observed, resulting from protonation of the primary amine groups on the gold surface. Similar electric double layer repulsions were seen in the presence of BSA over a whole range of BSA concentration investigated. These repulsive interactions were found to be dependent on the BSA concentration, that is, the magnitude of the repulsion increases with the BSA concentration. This phenomenon is attributed to the difference in the adsorbed amount of BSA on the amino-thiolated gold surface, which was confirmed using a 27 MHz quartz crystal microbalance (QCM).","PeriodicalId":21870,"journal":{"name":"Shikizai Kyokaishi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74727341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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