Water is a natural gift of nature to the planet earth. About two third part of the earth is water, but the useable fresh water is very less generally present as groundwater and surface water. The developmental activities mainly industrial, domestic and agricultural practices are deteriorated the groundwater and surface water. In the present study groundwater quality mainly for drinking purpose in Industrial Area of Panchkula city, Haryana, India have been studied. Seven groundwater samples collected from different parts of the study area. Groundwater samples analysed using field water testing kit prepared by Tamilnadu Water Supply and Drainage Board, Chennai for twelve chemical parameters-pH, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, total dissolved solids (TDS), fluoride, iron, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and residual chlorine. The chemical analysis results of groundwater samples shows that in the study area pH is 7 in all the seven groundwater samples, alkalinity 150 mg/l to 260 mg/l, hardness 30 mg/l to 350 mg/l, chloride 40 mg/l to 350 mg/l, total dissolved solids 384 mg/l to 804 mg/l, fluoride 0.5 mg/l to 1 mg/l, iron 0 mg/l to 0.3 mg/l, nitrite 0.2 mg/l in all the groundwater samples, nitrate 0 mg/l to 20 mg/l, phosphate and residual chlorine are absent in all the seven groundwater samples. The results shows that grundwater is desirable to permissible according to BIS drinking water standards. The study is highly useful for monitoring groundwater quality for drinking purpose in the study area.
{"title":"GROUNDWATER QUALITY STUDY IN INDUSTRIAL AREA OF PANCHKULA CITY, HARYANA, INDIA","authors":"Anup Kumar, Deepmala Deepmala, Daman Daman, Sanjay Kumar, Gourango Prasad Datta","doi":"10.53390/ijbs.v11i1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53390/ijbs.v11i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Water is a natural gift of nature to the planet earth. About two third part of the earth is water, but the useable fresh water is very less generally present as groundwater and surface water. The developmental activities mainly industrial, domestic and agricultural practices are deteriorated the groundwater and surface water. In the present study groundwater quality mainly for drinking purpose in Industrial Area of Panchkula city, Haryana, India have been studied. Seven groundwater samples collected from different parts of the study area. Groundwater samples analysed using field water testing kit\u0000prepared by Tamilnadu Water Supply and Drainage Board, Chennai for twelve chemical parameters-pH, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, total dissolved solids (TDS), fluoride, iron, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and residual chlorine. The chemical analysis results of groundwater samples shows that in the study area pH is 7 in all the seven groundwater\u0000samples, alkalinity 150 mg/l to 260 mg/l, hardness 30 mg/l to 350 mg/l, chloride 40 mg/l to 350 mg/l, total dissolved solids 384 mg/l to 804 mg/l, fluoride 0.5 mg/l to 1 mg/l, iron 0 mg/l to 0.3 mg/l, nitrite 0.2 mg/l in all the groundwater samples, nitrate 0 mg/l to 20 mg/l, phosphate and residual chlorine are absent in all the seven groundwater samples. The\u0000results shows that grundwater is desirable to permissible according to BIS drinking water standards. The study is highly useful for monitoring groundwater quality for drinking purpose in the study area.","PeriodicalId":219235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Biological Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127706602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Macrozoobenthos are the best indicators of the stress in the aquatic ecosystem. Distribution of macrozoobenthos is determined by a number of factors such as physical nature of the substratum, depth, nutritive content of the water body. Present study was conducted to assess the diversity of macrozoobenthos of Sai River, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh during July 2020 to June 2021. During the present investigation, a total number of 24genera of macrozoobenthic fauna were recorded from one year of investigation. Observations revealed that phylum Mollusca acquires dominant position with 45.83% of total faunal composition while phylum Annelida constitutes 29.16% and comes on second position whereas, least faunal abundance was found from phylum Arthropoda which contributes about 25%.
{"title":"MACROZOOBENTHOS DIVERSITY OF SAI RIVER AT RAEBARELI, INDIA","authors":"D. Rani, S. Arya","doi":"10.53390/ijbs.v12i2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53390/ijbs.v12i2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Macrozoobenthos are the best indicators of the stress in the aquatic ecosystem. Distribution of macrozoobenthos is determined by a number of factors such as physical nature of the substratum, depth, nutritive content of the water body. Present study was conducted to assess the diversity of macrozoobenthos of Sai River, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh during July 2020 to June 2021. During the present investigation, a total number of 24genera of macrozoobenthic fauna were recorded from one year of investigation. Observations revealed that phylum Mollusca acquires dominant position with 45.83% of\u0000total faunal composition while phylum Annelida constitutes 29.16% and comes on second position whereas, least faunal abundance was found from phylum Arthropoda which contributes about 25%.","PeriodicalId":219235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Biological Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128184671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Harjeet Singh, Gagandeep Singh, Charul Anand, G. Babu.
Since ancient times, plants have been used in the form of medicines in various traditional systems like Ayurveda, Unani, Homeopathy, Chinese and Siddha. Plants have been a potential source of natural products from various plant parts like root, stem, leaf and bark. Plants usually produce primary and secondary metabolites and use of plant tissue culture for production of secondary metabolites is quite common.The plant cells offer a novel route for the synthesis of a wide array of secondary metabolites, many of which are used as valuable drugs. Some of these are difficult to synthesize by conventional methods. The morphology and chemical totipotency of plant cells enables any cell of plant for the synthesis of compounds produced by the intact plant. The secondary metabolites on plant cell cultures can be significantly enhanced by elicitation, precursor feeding, media modification, hairy root culture, immobilization of plant cells, biotransformation or by manipulating culture conditions.
{"title":"REVIEW ON PLANT TISSUE CULTURE: A SOURCE OF PHYTO-PHARMACEUTICALS","authors":"Harjeet Singh, Gagandeep Singh, Charul Anand, G. Babu.","doi":"10.53390/ijbs.v13i2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53390/ijbs.v13i2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Since ancient times, plants have been used in the form of medicines in various traditional systems like Ayurveda, Unani, Homeopathy, Chinese and Siddha. Plants have been a potential source of natural products from various plant parts like root, stem, leaf and bark. Plants usually produce primary and secondary metabolites and use of plant tissue culture for production of secondary metabolites is quite common.The plant cells offer a novel route for the synthesis of a wide array of secondary metabolites, many of which are used as valuable drugs. Some of these are difficult to synthesize by conventional methods. The morphology and chemical totipotency of plant cells enables any cell of plant for the synthesis of compounds produced by the intact plant. The secondary metabolites on plant cell cultures can be significantly enhanced by elicitation, precursor feeding, media modification, hairy root culture, immobilization of plant cells, biotransformation or by manipulating culture conditions.","PeriodicalId":219235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Biological Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115853240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Ganga is one of the most sacred and worshipped river of India, is regarded as the cradle of Indian civilization. Uttar Pradesh the largest state of India is blessed with the most holy and important river in its region but due to increased urbanization and industrialization this river is under intimidation of high water pollution. The major objectives of the present study were to investigate heavy metal's concentration in water and sediments of the River Ganga. Water and sediments collected from different locations were analysed for Iron (Fe), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb),Nickel(Ni) and Zinc(Zn). The concentration of these heavy metals in the study area indicates that the river is highly polluted. The possible sources of these heavy metal pollutants are diverse, originated from natural or anthropogenic sources and point sources. The concentrations determined were more than the maximum admissible and desirable limit when compared with the National and International organizations like WHO, USEPA. Exposure to heavy metals has been linked to chronic and acute toxicity developing retardation, neurotoxicity, kidney damage, various cancers, liver damage, lung damage, and fragile bones and even death in instances of very high exposure.
{"title":"STUDY ON THE TOXIC EFFECTS OF HEAVY METALS IN SEDIMENTS AND WATER OF RIVER GANGA","authors":"I. Dubey","doi":"10.53390/ijbs.v12i2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53390/ijbs.v12i2.7","url":null,"abstract":"The Ganga is one of the most sacred and worshipped river of India, is regarded as the cradle of Indian civilization. Uttar Pradesh the largest state of India is blessed with the most holy and important river in its region but due to increased urbanization and industrialization this river is under intimidation of high water pollution. The major objectives of the present study were to investigate heavy metal's concentration in water and sediments of the River Ganga. Water and sediments collected from different locations were analysed for Iron (Fe), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb),Nickel(Ni) and Zinc(Zn). The concentration of these heavy metals in the study area indicates that the river is highly polluted. The possible sources of these heavy metal pollutants are diverse, originated from natural or anthropogenic sources and point sources. The concentrations determined were more than the maximum admissible and desirable limit when compared with the National and International organizations like WHO, USEPA. Exposure to heavy metals has been linked to chronic and acute toxicity developing retardation, neurotoxicity, kidney damage, various cancers, liver damage, lung damage, and fragile bones and even death in instances of very high exposure.","PeriodicalId":219235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Biological Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133540598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raaz K. Maheshwari, M. Rathore, Sukhraj Punar, A. Sharma, Sulochana Sharma, A. K. Kakodia, Mm Khan
Moringa oleifera is known as “horseradish tree” or “drumstick tree”, native to India, is one of the best useful tree and an enormous amount of benefits in the world. Numerous Research reports have appeared in different national and international scientific journals by studying its nutritional and medicinal properties of Moringa over the past decades. Different reports show that due to its multipurpose uses. Moringa oleifera is a tree that is sometimes called a “Miracle Tree” because of all its parts are used for nutritional, pharmacological properties. Moringa is a very valuable food crop (it is highly nutritive, grows very fast and drought resistant) and even beyond food it serves many benefits in developing countries such as having an ability to be used for some crafts (due to being a tree) and cleaning water. With its high nutritive values, every part of the tree is suitable for either nutritional or commercial purposes. Moringa has antioxidants which combine with the reactive oxygen species and prevent cell damage and further consequences. In addition to vitamin C, β-carotene, and Quercetin whicxh are powerful antioxidant help lower blood pressure. Moringa seeds and leaves could be an effective and safe alternative remedy in sexual disorders. Moringa has traditionally been used to boost sexual stamina and desire and to treat male sexual disorders. In more recent times, Moringa has gained notoriety as a very nutritious plant that can feed the needy and, in fact, save lives. Moringa leaves or leaf powder can be used successfully as a suplement food to nourish small children, pregnant or nursing women, and of course, anybody else. In this paper, versatile uses and therapeutic applicabilities of Moringa oleifera have been precisely delineated.
{"title":"VERSATILE USAGE & THERAPEUTIC APPLICABILITY OF MIRACULOUS DRUMSTICK TREE (MORINGA OLEIFERA-LAM.)","authors":"Raaz K. Maheshwari, M. Rathore, Sukhraj Punar, A. Sharma, Sulochana Sharma, A. K. Kakodia, Mm Khan","doi":"10.53390/ijbs.v11i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53390/ijbs.v11i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Moringa oleifera is known as “horseradish tree” or “drumstick tree”, native to India, is one of the best useful tree and an enormous amount of benefits in the world. Numerous Research reports have appeared in different national and international scientific journals by studying its nutritional and medicinal properties of Moringa over the past\u0000decades. Different reports show that due to its multipurpose uses. Moringa oleifera is a tree that is sometimes called a “Miracle Tree” because of all its parts are used for nutritional, pharmacological properties. Moringa is a very valuable food crop (it is highly nutritive, grows very fast and drought resistant) and even beyond food it serves many benefits in developing countries such as having an ability to be used for some crafts (due to being a tree) and cleaning water. With its high nutritive values, every part of the tree is suitable for either nutritional or commercial purposes. Moringa has antioxidants which combine with the reactive oxygen species and prevent cell damage and further consequences. In addition to vitamin C, β-carotene, and Quercetin whicxh are powerful\u0000antioxidant help lower blood pressure. Moringa seeds and leaves could be an effective and safe alternative remedy in sexual disorders. Moringa has traditionally been used to boost sexual stamina and desire and to treat male sexual disorders. In more recent times, Moringa has gained notoriety as a very nutritious plant that can feed the needy and, in fact, save lives. Moringa leaves or leaf powder can be used successfully as a suplement food to nourish small children, pregnant or nursing women, and of course, anybody else. In this paper, versatile uses and therapeutic applicabilities of Moringa oleifera have been precisely delineated.","PeriodicalId":219235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Biological Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114931082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Parasites are a major cause of disease in domestic ruminants. More than half the livestock population live in misery and suffer vast economic losses due to parasites. Among the parasitic diseases, amphistomosis is one of the major parasitic diseases causing heavy economic losses to livestock industry. Livestock production can be increased by the reduction of losses due to disease and development of new immunological approaches. Immunodiagnosis of parasitic diseases requires highly sensitive and specific tests. In many cases the identification of helminth parasites concerns their epidemiology and it is important to distinguish between species and subspecies. Conventional techniques including serology and microscopy do not always meet these requirements. However, microscopy still remain the mainstay of several diagnostic laboratories. Development of diagnostic tools have opened new avenues for a vast improvement in parasitic disease detection. Anumber of new serology-based assays that are highly specific and sensitive have emerged, such as agar gel precipitation, agglutination, immunodiffusion (ID), counter current immunoelectrophoresis (CCIEP), FAST-ELISA, Dot-ELISA, Sandwich-ELISA, Plate-ELISA, SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, immunoblotting etc. These approaches have revealed potentiality in parasitic disease diagnosis such as amphistome infection with increased specificity and sensitivity. The use of immunodiagnostic approaches in the identification of paramphistome infection in livestock is discussed.
{"title":"EFFICACY OF IMMUNOLOGICAL PROTOCOL TO APPRAISE THE DIAGNOSIS OF AMPHISTOME INFECTION IN LIVESTOCK","authors":"S. S. Hassan","doi":"10.53390/ijbs.v11i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53390/ijbs.v11i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Parasites are a major cause of disease in domestic ruminants. More than half the livestock population live in misery and suffer vast economic losses due to parasites. Among the parasitic diseases, amphistomosis is one of the major parasitic\u0000diseases causing heavy economic losses to livestock industry. Livestock production can be increased by the reduction of losses due to disease and development of new immunological approaches. Immunodiagnosis of parasitic diseases requires highly sensitive and specific tests. In many cases the identification of helminth parasites concerns their epidemiology and it is important to distinguish between species and subspecies. Conventional techniques including serology and microscopy do not always meet these requirements. However, microscopy still remain the mainstay of several diagnostic laboratories. Development of diagnostic tools have opened new avenues for a vast improvement in parasitic disease detection. Anumber of new serology-based assays that are highly specific and sensitive have emerged, such as agar gel precipitation, agglutination, immunodiffusion (ID), counter current immunoelectrophoresis (CCIEP), FAST-ELISA, Dot-ELISA, Sandwich-ELISA, Plate-ELISA, SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, immunoblotting etc. These approaches have revealed potentiality in parasitic disease diagnosis such as amphistome infection with increased\u0000specificity and sensitivity. The use of immunodiagnostic approaches in the identification of paramphistome infection in livestock is discussed.","PeriodicalId":219235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Biological Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129610692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. M. K., Shambulingappa B E, S. S., K. A. M., Rudresh B H, M. C. B., A. S. J.
Astudy was conducted on isolation, identification and characterization of staphylococcal organisms associated with the canine pyoderma. The bacteriological processing of the samples resulted in the recovery of 95 staphylococcal isolates and 18 other bacterial isolates. On culture, staphylococci were the most predominantly (n=95, 75.39%) isolated organisms. Based on nucgene-based PCR, out of 95 staphylococcal isolates obtained, 82 (86.1%) of the isolates were found belonging to S. pseudintermedius. And out of 82 S. pseudintermedius isolates, siet gene was detected in 69 (86.1%) isolates. S. pseudintermedius was found to be predominant bacterial pathogen responsible for pyoderma in dogs. Two PCR products which were amplified for nuc gene and one each of siet and mec A gene were sent for commercial sequencing and the sequence alignment revealed 99.23 per cent, 99.14 per cent, 98.98 per cent and 100 per cent, similarities with the corresponding genes of S. pseudintermedius respectively.
{"title":"SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF siet gene IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS PSEUDINTERMEDIUS ISOLATEDFROM CANINE PYODERMA","authors":"P. M. K., Shambulingappa B E, S. S., K. A. M., Rudresh B H, M. C. B., A. S. J.","doi":"10.53390/ijbs.v12.i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53390/ijbs.v12.i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Astudy was conducted on isolation, identification and characterization of staphylococcal organisms associated with the canine pyoderma. The bacteriological processing of the samples resulted in the recovery of 95 staphylococcal isolates and 18 other bacterial isolates. On culture, staphylococci were the most predominantly (n=95, 75.39%) isolated organisms. Based on nucgene-based PCR, out of 95 staphylococcal isolates obtained, 82 (86.1%) of the isolates were found belonging to S. pseudintermedius. And out of 82 S. pseudintermedius isolates, siet gene was detected in 69 (86.1%) isolates. S. pseudintermedius was found to be predominant bacterial pathogen responsible for pyoderma in dogs.\u0000Two PCR products which were amplified for nuc gene and one each of siet and mec A gene were sent for commercial sequencing and the sequence alignment revealed 99.23 per cent, 99.14 per cent, 98.98 per cent and 100 per cent, similarities with the corresponding genes of S. pseudintermedius respectively.","PeriodicalId":219235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Biological Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127893602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Disease transmission, diagnosis and preventive measures have become a major concern for the scientists working in national and international institution throughout the world. Paramphistomosis is a parasitic disease occurring in domestic ruminants causing economic loss to livestock industry. Early diagnosis of the disease is very important so that the loss due to disease can be curtailed by the appropriate treatment. Immunodiagnostic assays are helpful in the diagnosis of parasitic diseases. Hence immunological tests especially microtitre plate enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) are the mainstay of diagnosis. Enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), one of the immunodiagnostic assays is helpful in the diagnosis of paramphistomosis. More than 500 clinical/field sera samples of buffaloes, goats, sheep and cattle were collected from Bareilly, Delhi, Dehradun and Ludhiana under DST (GOI) sponsored project. Microtitre plate (Greiner) containing 96 well for Indirect Plate-ELISA was standardized for the detection of anti-Paramphistomunepiclitum antibodies in immunized rabbit using somatic antigen of P.epiclitum ranging from 1µg/ml to 10µg/ml, HRPO conjugate dilutions 1:1000 to 1:8000 and the range of sera dilution from 1:50 to 1:1,60,000. The optimum concentration of adult somatic P. epiclitum antigen was observed to be 2µg/ml, conjugate dilution 1:1000 and sera dilution at 1:200 and 1:400. A total of 222 clinical/field sera samples of ruminants were tested. Out of the total 106 ruminant samples were found to be positive with the incidence rate of 47.75 %. The highest percent positivity (84.0%) was found in naturally infected buffaloes followed by 26.25% in goats and 12.5% in sheep by indirect plate-ELISA. The observations on sensitivity and specificity of plate-ELISA test and immune response of antiP.epiclitum antibodies in experimental animal were also evaluated. The observation of high titre during the study is very effective for the detection of anti-P.epiclitum antibodies in field survey or in clinical cases. It is also helpful in the characterization of immunodominant antigens for the immunological control of the disease. Hence, indirect plateELISAis very important for the detection of paramphistomosis in domestic ruminants in early stages.
{"title":"STANDARDIZATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTIBODY RESPONSE BY PLATE-ELISA FOR THE DETECTION OF PARAMPHISTOMOSIS IN RUMINANTS","authors":"S. S. Hassan","doi":"10.53390/ijbs.v11i2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53390/ijbs.v11i2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Disease transmission, diagnosis and preventive measures have become a major concern for the scientists working in national and international institution throughout the world. Paramphistomosis is a parasitic disease occurring in domestic ruminants causing economic loss to livestock industry. Early diagnosis of the disease is very important so that the loss due to disease can be curtailed by the appropriate treatment. Immunodiagnostic assays are helpful in the diagnosis of parasitic diseases. Hence immunological tests especially microtitre plate enzyme linked immunosorbant\u0000assay (ELISA) are the mainstay of diagnosis. Enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), one of the immunodiagnostic assays is helpful in the diagnosis of paramphistomosis. More than 500 clinical/field sera samples of buffaloes, goats, sheep and cattle were collected from Bareilly, Delhi, Dehradun and Ludhiana under DST (GOI)\u0000sponsored project. Microtitre plate (Greiner) containing 96 well for Indirect Plate-ELISA was standardized for the detection of anti-Paramphistomunepiclitum antibodies in immunized rabbit using somatic antigen of P.epiclitum ranging from 1µg/ml to 10µg/ml, HRPO conjugate dilutions 1:1000 to 1:8000 and the range of sera dilution from 1:50 to\u00001:1,60,000. The optimum concentration of adult somatic P. epiclitum antigen was observed to be 2µg/ml, conjugate dilution 1:1000 and sera dilution at 1:200 and 1:400. A total of 222 clinical/field sera samples of ruminants were tested. Out of the total 106 ruminant samples were found to be positive with the incidence rate of 47.75 %. The highest percent positivity (84.0%) was found in naturally infected buffaloes followed by 26.25% in goats and 12.5% in sheep by indirect plate-ELISA. The observations on sensitivity and specificity of plate-ELISA test and immune response of antiP.epiclitum antibodies in experimental animal were also evaluated. The observation of high titre during the study is very effective for the detection of anti-P.epiclitum antibodies in field survey or in clinical cases. It is also helpful in the characterization of immunodominant antigens for the immunological control of the disease. Hence, indirect plateELISAis very important for the detection of paramphistomosis in domestic ruminants in early stages.","PeriodicalId":219235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Biological Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116535014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Apple is a widely consumed fruit that is accessible throughout the year and is high in phytochemicals. The current study's major goal is to use computational methodologies to discover new anti-cancer medication candidates from plants. The ligands of the plant malus pumila were docked with protein EGFR (PDB ID:1M17) to predict novel potential inhibitors that could be employed as anticancer medicines for breast cancer. Breast cancer is a complex disease with no known single cause that continues to be a global killer and the leading cause of cancer-related death in women. One of the first key targets of these emerging anticancer drugs was the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).The physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and drug-like properties help in the selection of the best compound for breast cancer treatment. Furthermore, a substantial study suggests that phytochemicals, which are plant secondary compounds have oncopreventive Properties.
{"title":"COMPUTATIONAL EVALUATION OF PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS FROM MALUS PUMILA (APPLE) FOR BREAST CANCER TREATMENT","authors":"Suneetha Yeguvapalli, Durga Rathikota","doi":"10.53390/ijbs.v13i2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53390/ijbs.v13i2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Apple is a widely consumed fruit that is accessible throughout the year and is high in phytochemicals. The current study's major goal is to use computational methodologies to discover new anti-cancer medication candidates from plants. The ligands of the plant malus pumila were docked with protein EGFR (PDB ID:1M17) to predict novel potential inhibitors that could be employed as anticancer medicines for breast cancer. Breast cancer is a complex disease with no known single cause that continues to be a global killer and the leading cause of cancer-related death in women. One of the first key targets of these emerging anticancer drugs was the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).The physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and drug-like properties help in the selection of the best compound for breast cancer treatment. Furthermore, a substantial study suggests that phytochemicals, which are plant secondary compounds have oncopreventive Properties.","PeriodicalId":219235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Biological Sciences","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131851616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate change is considered as the global challenge in the 21st century. Anthropogenic activities have directly led to an immense increase in green house gas emissions mainly carbon dioxide that contributes mainly in the warming of atmosphere. The concentration of carbon dioxide is expected to rise twice as high as those existing in pre-industrial period, within the next century. Pesticides are the biological pollutants, which are being used by the man to kill the pests for increasing the yield of many crops and insect vectors to control the spread of disease. The tremendous use of pesticides has caused severe health hazards to organisms including human beings due to climate change. Excessive use of pesticides may lead to the destruction of biodiversity. Many birds, aquatic organisms and animals are under the threat of harmful pesticides for their survival. The pesticides effects are lessen by organizing awareness program among the farmers, gave special training to them regarding consequences of pesticides, their screening and monitoring methods.
{"title":"CLIMATE CHANGE, PESTICIDES AND BIODIVERSITY: A REVIEW","authors":"I. Dubey, P. Sudhakar","doi":"10.53390/ijbs.v12.i1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53390/ijbs.v12.i1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is considered as the global challenge in the 21st century. Anthropogenic activities have directly led to an immense increase in green house gas emissions mainly carbon dioxide that contributes mainly in the warming of atmosphere. The concentration of carbon dioxide is expected to rise twice as high as those existing in pre-industrial period, within the next century. Pesticides are the biological pollutants, which are being used by the man to kill the pests for increasing the yield of many crops and insect vectors to control the spread of disease. The tremendous use of pesticides has caused severe health hazards to organisms including human beings due to climate change. Excessive use of pesticides may lead to the destruction of biodiversity. Many birds, aquatic organisms and animals are under the threat of harmful pesticides for their survival. The pesticides effects are lessen by organizing awareness program among the farmers, gave\u0000special training to them regarding consequences of pesticides, their screening and monitoring methods.","PeriodicalId":219235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Biological Sciences","volume":"147 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132641312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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