Imagine a large mass of nonhomogeneous metal. Imagine that it is struck a severe blow by a large hammer. The shock wave of the impact will travel throughout the mass and arrive at different parts at different times. Furthermore, this shock wave will be reflected from boundaries and regions of nonhomogeneity. These reflected shock waves will affect some portions of the mass time and time again. Occasionally, shock waves reflected from several directions will converge on some internal region to give an aftershock as great (or greater than) the original shock. Such shock waves may persist for a considerable time.
{"title":"The impact of computers on the government","authors":"J. A. Ward","doi":"10.1145/1464013.1464021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464013.1464021","url":null,"abstract":"Imagine a large mass of nonhomogeneous metal. Imagine that it is struck a severe blow by a large hammer. The shock wave of the impact will travel throughout the mass and arrive at different parts at different times. Furthermore, this shock wave will be reflected from boundaries and regions of nonhomogeneity. These reflected shock waves will affect some portions of the mass time and time again. Occasionally, shock waves reflected from several directions will converge on some internal region to give an aftershock as great (or greater than) the original shock. Such shock waves may persist for a considerable time.","PeriodicalId":219254,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part II)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132947237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dr. Ramo has said that one of the purposes of this series of talks was to try to "close the gap" between the information technologists and the applications of their technology in the real world. If this is one of our primary objectives, I don't believe there is a field in which the gap between the technologist and the application is so great as in the area of urban planning, of which transportation is a part. There's definitely a gap between the person who knows the problem and the person who knows how to solve the problem. The reasons for this gap are historical and complicated. There's no need to go into them at this time, but the gap, I think you'll discover from this talk, very definitely exists and needs to be closed.
{"title":"The impact of computers on urban transportation","authors":"K. Schlager","doi":"10.1145/1464013.1464023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464013.1464023","url":null,"abstract":"Dr. Ramo has said that one of the purposes of this series of talks was to try to \"close the gap\" between the information technologists and the applications of their technology in the real world. If this is one of our primary objectives, I don't believe there is a field in which the gap between the technologist and the application is so great as in the area of urban planning, of which transportation is a part. There's definitely a gap between the person who knows the problem and the person who knows how to solve the problem. The reasons for this gap are historical and complicated. There's no need to go into them at this time, but the gap, I think you'll discover from this talk, very definitely exists and needs to be closed.","PeriodicalId":219254,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part II)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121797437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The modern digital computer has been fundamental to the space exploration program. Computers have profoundly affected almost every aspect of space technology, including spacecraft design, celestial mechanics, mission control, and the gathering and processing of data generated by the spacecraft. Indeed, the evolution and growth of computer technology is suggestively parallel to the growth in space technology.
{"title":"The role of computers in space exploration","authors":"C. Gates, W. Pickering","doi":"10.1145/1464013.1464020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464013.1464020","url":null,"abstract":"The modern digital computer has been fundamental to the space exploration program. Computers have profoundly affected almost every aspect of space technology, including spacecraft design, celestial mechanics, mission control, and the gathering and processing of data generated by the spacecraft. Indeed, the evolution and growth of computer technology is suggestively parallel to the growth in space technology.","PeriodicalId":219254,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part II)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125727988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Computers should provide the mechanism that enables engineers to do better engineering. By permitting faster, more accurate and complete problem analysis to be performed, computers assist the engineer in his computational and decision making roles. The engineer today is faced with problems of increasing magnitude and complexity where the effects and interrelationships of all relevant information must be considered. The computer can provide the coordinating and integrating mechanism for this problem information.
{"title":"An integrated computer system for engineering problem solving","authors":"D. Roos","doi":"10.1145/1464013.1464037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464013.1464037","url":null,"abstract":"Computers should provide the mechanism that enables engineers to do better engineering. By permitting faster, more accurate and complete problem analysis to be performed, computers assist the engineer in his computational and decision making roles. The engineer today is faced with problems of increasing magnitude and complexity where the effects and interrelationships of all relevant information must be considered. The computer can provide the coordinating and integrating mechanism for this problem information.","PeriodicalId":219254,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part II)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130096816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study of efficiency in computing systems can be subdivided in the following way: (1) efficiency of hardware, (2) efficiency of software, and (3) efficiency of operating systems. Efficiency in this context will be considered as performance for the average customer divided by potential performance. It is granted that both "average customer" and "potential performance" are concepts about which it is difficult to be precise and rigorous.
{"title":"Efficiency and management of a computing system","authors":"H. D. Huskey","doi":"10.1145/1464013.1464031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464013.1464031","url":null,"abstract":"The study of efficiency in computing systems can be subdivided in the following way: (1) efficiency of hardware, (2) efficiency of software, and (3) efficiency of operating systems. Efficiency in this context will be considered as performance for the average customer divided by potential performance. It is granted that both \"average customer\" and \"potential performance\" are concepts about which it is difficult to be precise and rigorous.","PeriodicalId":219254,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part II)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130233117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
If the Martians, Venusians, or Plutonians ever bother to observe the antics of their neighbors on the Planet Earth, they must be vastly amused by our attitude toward the digital automatic computer, the DAC for short. While professing to be completely baffled by the frenzied rush on the part of the lemmings to be drowned in the sea, we---earthlings---have perversely chosen to denigrate the unsurpassable human brain by affixing to a pile of wires and tubes that ludicrous title "The Thinking Machine." What a churlish way to thank Mother Nature for our bountiful mental endowment which dwarfs into insignificance those fabulous gifts of magic, lavished upon their favorites by the doting fairy godmothers.
{"title":"The mighty man-computer team","authors":"I. Rhodes","doi":"10.1145/1464013.1464014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464013.1464014","url":null,"abstract":"If the Martians, Venusians, or Plutonians ever bother to observe the antics of their neighbors on the Planet Earth, they must be vastly amused by our attitude toward the digital automatic computer, the DAC for short. While professing to be completely baffled by the frenzied rush on the part of the lemmings to be drowned in the sea, we---earthlings---have perversely chosen to denigrate the unsurpassable human brain by affixing to a pile of wires and tubes that ludicrous title \"The Thinking Machine.\" What a churlish way to thank Mother Nature for our bountiful mental endowment which dwarfs into insignificance those fabulous gifts of magic, lavished upon their favorites by the doting fairy godmothers.","PeriodicalId":219254,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part II)","volume":"184 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121614025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Part I of the session is a presentation by the four panelists. We would like to give you our views on computing as it can be in the year 1970. In Part II, we invite the audience to comment. We'll be very pleased to have you air controversial views. We on the panel agree we do not know all the answers. First, we want to isolate promising avenues of research related to the potential payoff, secondly, we want to emphasize either existing research that should be encouraged or research that is not now active and is needed.
{"title":"Promising avenues for computer research","authors":"R. Rice, K. Uncapher, T. Steel, L. C. Hobbs","doi":"10.1145/1464013.1464028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464013.1464028","url":null,"abstract":"Part I of the session is a presentation by the four panelists. We would like to give you our views on computing as it can be in the year 1970. In Part II, we invite the audience to comment. We'll be very pleased to have you air controversial views. We on the panel agree we do not know all the answers. First, we want to isolate promising avenues of research related to the potential payoff, secondly, we want to emphasize either existing research that should be encouraged or research that is not now active and is needed.","PeriodicalId":219254,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part II)","volume":"457 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123643629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Those responsible for this convention are to be congratulated for including a whole day's session on the impact of computers on society. Usually when engineers and scientists meet the subject matter is almost wholly technical. In a way this is strange because the common, quick definition of engineering is "the application of science to society's needs." If this definition were really to be taken seriously, it would mean that those who practice engineering would seek to be equally expert in science and in society, since one can hardly be professional about applying science to something he does not understand.
{"title":"The computer and our changing society","authors":"S. Ramo","doi":"10.1145/1464013.1464015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464013.1464015","url":null,"abstract":"Those responsible for this convention are to be congratulated for including a whole day's session on the impact of computers on society. Usually when engineers and scientists meet the subject matter is almost wholly technical. In a way this is strange because the common, quick definition of engineering is \"the application of science to society's needs.\" If this definition were really to be taken seriously, it would mean that those who practice engineering would seek to be equally expert in science and in society, since one can hardly be professional about applying science to something he does not understand.","PeriodicalId":219254,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part II)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129961784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Act establishing the Department of Commerce provides, in part, that the Department shall "foster, promote, and develop the foreign and domestic commerce... of the United States." These broadly described functions are carried out under the policy guidance of Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Domestic and International Business Alexander B. Trowbridge.
设立商务部的法案部分规定，商务部应“培育、促进和发展国内外商业……美国的。”这些广泛描述的职能是在负责国内和国际商务的助理商务部长Alexander B. Trowbridge的政策指导下进行的。
{"title":"The application of computers to domestic and international trade","authors":"William I. Merkin, R. Long","doi":"10.1145/1464013.1464019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464013.1464019","url":null,"abstract":"The Act establishing the Department of Commerce provides, in part, that the Department shall \"foster, promote, and develop the foreign and domestic commerce... of the United States.\" These broadly described functions are carried out under the policy guidance of Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Domestic and International Business Alexander B. Trowbridge.","PeriodicalId":219254,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part II)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124085082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
My presentation today will be confined to systems in retailing that are either in operation or in the development stage. There is little point in describing retailing as seen through the eyes of a customer since a store is a familiar sight to each of you. Retailing as seen through the eyes of a computer is quite a different picture however. For you and me, who are interested in cybernetics, it is an equally exciting one.
{"title":"Impact of computers on retailing","authors":"C. McBrier","doi":"10.1145/1464013.1464018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464013.1464018","url":null,"abstract":"My presentation today will be confined to systems in retailing that are either in operation or in the development stage. There is little point in describing retailing as seen through the eyes of a customer since a store is a familiar sight to each of you. Retailing as seen through the eyes of a computer is quite a different picture however. For you and me, who are interested in cybernetics, it is an equally exciting one.","PeriodicalId":219254,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part II)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130797659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：