A digital computer is now available at most colleges and universities in the United States. In those where there is none today, the advent of time-sharing systems in the next several years should result in a computer capability for all at a nominal cost.
{"title":"Use of digital computers in basic mathematics courses","authors":"W. Marsland","doi":"10.1145/1464013.1464032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464013.1464032","url":null,"abstract":"A digital computer is now available at most colleges and universities in the United States. In those where there is none today, the advent of time-sharing systems in the next several years should result in a computer capability for all at a nominal cost.","PeriodicalId":219254,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part II)","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115816217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Memories in today's high-performance systems are typically made up of memory modules of capacity comparable to the new memory to be described here. Cycle times are 500 nsec to 1 μsec with access times of 300 to 500 nsec. This paper presents the design of a thin-film main memory with a capacity of 8,192 words of 72 bits each. The cycle time of this memory is 120 nsec with an access time of 60 nsec. Thus, this memory design represents a 4-to-8-times improvement in main memory performance over the present state of the art.
{"title":"A high-speed thin-film memory: its design and development","authors":"Q. Simkins","doi":"10.1145/1464013.1464030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464013.1464030","url":null,"abstract":"Memories in today's high-performance systems are typically made up of memory modules of capacity comparable to the new memory to be described here. Cycle times are 500 nsec to 1 μsec with access times of 300 to 500 nsec. This paper presents the design of a thin-film main memory with a capacity of 8,192 words of 72 bits each. The cycle time of this memory is 120 nsec with an access time of 60 nsec. Thus, this memory design represents a 4-to-8-times improvement in main memory performance over the present state of the art.","PeriodicalId":219254,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part II)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114290993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Communications and computers are today becoming what the economists call "complementary goods"---one without the other is of much lesser value---like pen and ink, pretzels and beer, and gin and dry vermouth.
{"title":"Communications, computers and people","authors":"P. Baran","doi":"10.1145/1464013.1464022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464013.1464022","url":null,"abstract":"Communications and computers are today becoming what the economists call \"complementary goods\"---one without the other is of much lesser value---like pen and ink, pretzels and beer, and gin and dry vermouth.","PeriodicalId":219254,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part II)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130961100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although computer science is in its infancy, it has already contributed significantly to society in the fields of business and commerce, communication, exploration, and scientific discovery. In contrast, the contributions of computers to medicine have thus far been minimal for reasons which I shall discuss in a moment. It is this lack of application of computers to medicine which makes medicine one of the most fruitful areas for the computer-oriented scientist. I can promise you the rewards will be great for those of you who choose to apply your talent for the benefit of human health and welfare. There are two reasons for this: 1. The systematic methods of scientific thinking which naturally lead to success in the application of computers to a scientific discipline have already been developed, and they have proven phenomenally successful in such fields as high-energy physics and molecular biology. Discovery in the field of medicine waits like a ripe apple to be plucked by the computer-skilled scientist. 2. Society will generously support your efforts. The value judgment that society places on health and longevity ultimately is the same as that which the individual places on them. I have yet to see a man who is dying of cancer of the lung, whether he be laborer or corporation president, who would not trade all of his money, business, commerce, communication, and transportation for 18 more months of healthy existence. Therefore, the computer scientist who devotes his effort to promoting human health and welfare will be both generously supported and greatly appreciated by his fellow man.
{"title":"Computers: the physical sciences and medicine","authors":"J. V. Maloney","doi":"10.1145/1464013.1464017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464013.1464017","url":null,"abstract":"Although computer science is in its infancy, it has already contributed significantly to society in the fields of business and commerce, communication, exploration, and scientific discovery. In contrast, the contributions of computers to medicine have thus far been minimal for reasons which I shall discuss in a moment. It is this lack of application of computers to medicine which makes medicine one of the most fruitful areas for the computer-oriented scientist. I can promise you the rewards will be great for those of you who choose to apply your talent for the benefit of human health and welfare. There are two reasons for this:\u0000 1. The systematic methods of scientific thinking which naturally lead to success in the application of computers to a scientific discipline have already been developed, and they have proven phenomenally successful in such fields as high-energy physics and molecular biology. Discovery in the field of medicine waits like a ripe apple to be plucked by the computer-skilled scientist.\u0000 2. Society will generously support your efforts. The value judgment that society places on health and longevity ultimately is the same as that which the individual places on them. I have yet to see a man who is dying of cancer of the lung, whether he be laborer or corporation president, who would not trade all of his money, business, commerce, communication, and transportation for 18 more months of healthy existence. Therefore, the computer scientist who devotes his effort to promoting human health and welfare will be both generously supported and greatly appreciated by his fellow man.","PeriodicalId":219254,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part II)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121755731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. A. Ricca, J. P. Eckert, W. Gallagher, R. W. Hubner, R. Schmidt
The panel, in general, agreed that the computer industry is now in a buyer's market. There was one notable dissenting point of view which indicated that the technology is still rapidly changing, particularly in peripherals, and thus, that the buyer's market would not prevail until at least 1975. The following industry characteristics appear to support the existence of a buyer's market.
{"title":"The computer industry in the buyer's market","authors":"J. A. Ricca, J. P. Eckert, W. Gallagher, R. W. Hubner, R. Schmidt","doi":"10.1145/1464013.1464025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464013.1464025","url":null,"abstract":"The panel, in general, agreed that the computer industry is now in a buyer's market. There was one notable dissenting point of view which indicated that the technology is still rapidly changing, particularly in peripherals, and thus, that the buyer's market would not prevail until at least 1975. The following industry characteristics appear to support the existence of a buyer's market.","PeriodicalId":219254,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part II)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129792994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Farrand, R. Franklin, Norman Hardy, R. M. Graham, Marvin Eyster, William J. Broderick, Frank Lohan, Donald K. Sampson, Alan F. Shugart, Irving L. Wieselman
The field of mass storage under consideration by the panel is that which communicates at machine speed in machine form. The areas of concern are both software and hardware from total system to details within the components.
{"title":"The future of electromechanical mass storage","authors":"W. Farrand, R. Franklin, Norman Hardy, R. M. Graham, Marvin Eyster, William J. Broderick, Frank Lohan, Donald K. Sampson, Alan F. Shugart, Irving L. Wieselman","doi":"10.1145/1464013.1464027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464013.1464027","url":null,"abstract":"The field of mass storage under consideration by the panel is that which communicates at machine speed in machine form. The areas of concern are both software and hardware from total system to details within the components.","PeriodicalId":219254,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part II)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121262503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A mathematical scientist experiments. Today, his test tube and his breadboard are blackboard and paper. He may, it is true, have available a computer, but its role is numerical and its results are delivered not today or tomorrow but the day after the final programming bug is corrected. The computer is not present during the most creative phases of the scientist's labor. The purpose of MATHLAB is to provide the scientist with computational aid of a much more intimate and liberating nature.
{"title":"MATHLAB: a program for on-line machine assistance in symbolic computations","authors":"C. Engelman","doi":"10.1145/1464013.1464034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464013.1464034","url":null,"abstract":"A mathematical scientist experiments. Today, his test tube and his breadboard are blackboard and paper. He may, it is true, have available a computer, but its role is numerical and its results are delivered not today or tomorrow but the day after the final programming bug is corrected. The computer is not present during the most creative phases of the scientist's labor. The purpose of MATHLAB is to provide the scientist with computational aid of a much more intimate and liberating nature.","PeriodicalId":219254,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part II)","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122616907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
p. 2, line 26, L: Change to read in the SEAC machine 1) this idea. .. last line, R: Change to read when relating a machine with 0.5 — microsecond cy — p. 3, line 1, L: Change to read cle time in 1965 to one with 25 microsecond cycle p. 4, line 5, R: Change Lanig to Laning line 15, L: Change to read translation of previously . .. line 22ff. R: Change to read 3. Time savings in debugging and correcting the programs, 4. Easier modification possibilities for slightly different problems, 5. Higher. .. p. 6, line 22, L: Change to read areas (not vertical combinations or notations 23). line 33, L: Change to read machines by combination . .. section on "Mathematical Definition and De-velopment": Replace all subscript numerals 1 by lower case letter "el." last line of this section: by an example in reference 28). As mentioned in the section on Possible Solutions, there in section on "Transformation of Programs by Processors": Replace all subscript numerals 1 by lower case letter "el." p. 8, line 5 fr. below, L: Change to read Language A into target p. 9, figures: Delete all underlining p. 10, figures: Delete all underlining; change first arrow to a simple one in each figure in first figure: Change L to U p. 11, figures: Delete all underlining; change first arrow to a simple one in each figure line 14, R: Change (case 1) to (case 31) line 15, L: Change to read —spectively, for the. .. line 15, R: Change (case 2) to (case 32) line 19, R: Change (case 2) to (case 32) p. 12, Table 1: Move the words Processor in M from TGS row, col. 4, down to Meta A row, col. 4. p. 13, figures: Change first and third arrow in figure to a simple arrow. figure on left: Move to end of paragraph p. 14, second row of figures, last figure: Change Mi to Ni p. 15, figures: Delete all overlines last figure: Add the angles in the brace p. 16, first figure: Change |N 2 | to (N 2) last figure: Change P(L) to p(L) p. 17, first figure, R: Delete all vertical bars second figure, R: Change all horizontal arrows to double arrows last figure, R: Exchange this figure for the first figure on page 18 p. 18, first figure: Exchange this figure with the …
第2页，第26行，L:改变在SEAC机器中读取1)这个想法…第3行，第1行，L:将1965年的读取周期时间更改为25微秒周期时间p. 4行，第5行，R:将Lanig更改为Laning第15行，L:更改为读取先前的翻译…线22 ff。R:改成3。3 .节省调试和纠正程序的时间;对于稍微不同的问题更容易修改，5。高。. .第6页，第22行，L:改为读取区域(不是垂直组合或符号23)。第33行，L:改为read machines by combination…关于“数学定义和发展”一节:将所有下标数字1替换为小写字母“el”。本节最后一行:参考文献28中的示例)。如“可能的解决方案”一节所述，在“处理器转换程序”一节中:将所有下标数字1替换为小写字母“el.”第8页，下面第5行，L:改为将语言A读入目标第9页，数字:删除所有下划线第10页，数字:删除所有下划线;将第一张图中每个图的第一个箭头改为简单箭头;将L改为U p. 11，图:删除所有下划线;将每个图中的第一个箭头更改为简单箭头，第14行，R:将(case 1)更改为(case 31)，第15行，L:分别更改为read -分别为。…第15行，R:将(大小写2)更改为(大小写32)第19行，R:将(大小写2)更改为(大小写32)第12页，表1:将M中的单词处理器从TGS行，col. 4向下移动到Meta A行，col. 4。第13页，图形:将图形中的第一个和第三个箭头改为一个简单的箭头。图左:搬到p。14款,第二行数据,最后图:改变Mi倪p。15日,人物:删除所有眉题最后图:添加的角撑p。16日,第一个图:改变N 2 | | (N 2)最后图:改变p p (L) (L)。17日,第一个图,R:删除所有垂直酒吧第二个图,R:改变水平箭头双箭头图,R:交换这个图第一图18 p。18页,第一个图:交换这图……
{"title":"Errata to AFIPS conference proceedings 1965 fall joint computer conference: part I","authors":"W. Burkhardt","doi":"10.1145/1464013.1464038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464013.1464038","url":null,"abstract":"p. 2, line 26, L: Change to read in the SEAC machine 1) this idea. .. last line, R: Change to read when relating a machine with 0.5 — microsecond cy — p. 3, line 1, L: Change to read cle time in 1965 to one with 25 microsecond cycle p. 4, line 5, R: Change Lanig to Laning line 15, L: Change to read translation of previously . .. line 22ff. R: Change to read 3. Time savings in debugging and correcting the programs, 4. Easier modification possibilities for slightly different problems, 5. Higher. .. p. 6, line 22, L: Change to read areas (not vertical combinations or notations 23). line 33, L: Change to read machines by combination . .. section on \"Mathematical Definition and De-velopment\": Replace all subscript numerals 1 by lower case letter \"el.\" last line of this section: by an example in reference 28). As mentioned in the section on Possible Solutions, there in section on \"Transformation of Programs by Processors\": Replace all subscript numerals 1 by lower case letter \"el.\" p. 8, line 5 fr. below, L: Change to read Language A into target p. 9, figures: Delete all underlining p. 10, figures: Delete all underlining; change first arrow to a simple one in each figure in first figure: Change L to U p. 11, figures: Delete all underlining; change first arrow to a simple one in each figure line 14, R: Change (case 1) to (case 31) line 15, L: Change to read —spectively, for the. .. line 15, R: Change (case 2) to (case 32) line 19, R: Change (case 2) to (case 32) p. 12, Table 1: Move the words Processor in M from TGS row, col. 4, down to Meta A row, col. 4. p. 13, figures: Change first and third arrow in figure to a simple arrow. figure on left: Move to end of paragraph p. 14, second row of figures, last figure: Change Mi to Ni p. 15, figures: Delete all overlines last figure: Add the angles in the brace p. 16, first figure: Change |N 2 | to (N 2) last figure: Change P(L) to p(L) p. 17, first figure, R: Delete all vertical bars second figure, R: Change all horizontal arrows to double arrows last figure, R: Exchange this figure for the first figure on page 18 p. 18, first figure: Exchange this figure with the …","PeriodicalId":219254,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part II)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131414334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since I am an enthusiast, rather than an expert, in the computer field and have been asked to talk about the future, anything may happen; but it is reassuring to find experts almost as far out as myself. In fact, it would be unwise to look only at the immediately available technology; and I have often thought of the early days of aviation, when Billy Mitchell tried very hard to convince his superiors that the airplane had a future in war and, as you know, was essentially cashiered out of the Army. He did induce a cavalry general to give airplanes a try, but the experiment was a failure. One of the "crates" of the day flew over a polo field while officers were playing and attempted to hit players with oranges. No hit was scored, which was pretty conclusive proof that there was no future for aviation in warfare!
{"title":"Computers and education","authors":"R. Gerard","doi":"10.1145/1464013.1464016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464013.1464016","url":null,"abstract":"Since I am an enthusiast, rather than an expert, in the computer field and have been asked to talk about the future, anything may happen; but it is reassuring to find experts almost as far out as myself. In fact, it would be unwise to look only at the immediately available technology; and I have often thought of the early days of aviation, when Billy Mitchell tried very hard to convince his superiors that the airplane had a future in war and, as you know, was essentially cashiered out of the Army. He did induce a cavalry general to give airplanes a try, but the experiment was a failure. One of the \"crates\" of the day flew over a polo field while officers were playing and attempted to hit players with oranges. No hit was scored, which was pretty conclusive proof that there was no future for aviation in warfare!","PeriodicalId":219254,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part II)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126518563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Milton C. Mapes, Donald F. Orr, J. G. Miles, N. Ream, Theodore L. Thau
Our procedure will be to devote the first half of the discussion to presentations by the panelists on various aspects of the overseas marketing problem, and the second half to questions and participation from the floor. I know many of you are deeply involved in export marketing and the international business aspects of computer sales; in 1965 U.S. computer exports are going to run approximately 400 million dollars. Our imports at the same time are running approximately 60 million dollars. It might be significant to mention that computer exports are up almost 300% from the 1958 figures, only seven years ago. At that time our computer exports totaled only $103 million, as shown in Table 1. TABLE 1. Computers—Exports and Imports {values in millions of dollars) The United States' share of the world computer market is a little difficult to determine. I do have a figure which includes both computing and accounting machines. On this basis the United States has 39% of the total world market in international commerce, followed by West Germany with 14%, the United Kingdom and Italy each with 11%, and France and Sweden with about 9% each. That includes accounting machines, which still comprise a very large part of the market. I suspect that if it were limited to computers alone the U.S. share of the world market would be substantially greater. As to where our computer exports go, I also have some pertinent figures. In 1964 our major cus
{"title":"The overseas computer market","authors":"Milton C. Mapes, Donald F. Orr, J. G. Miles, N. Ream, Theodore L. Thau","doi":"10.1145/1464013.1464026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1464013.1464026","url":null,"abstract":"Our procedure will be to devote the first half of the discussion to presentations by the panelists on various aspects of the overseas marketing problem, and the second half to questions and participation from the floor. I know many of you are deeply involved in export marketing and the international business aspects of computer sales; in 1965 U.S. computer exports are going to run approximately 400 million dollars. Our imports at the same time are running approximately 60 million dollars. It might be significant to mention that computer exports are up almost 300% from the 1958 figures, only seven years ago. At that time our computer exports totaled only $103 million, as shown in Table 1. TABLE 1. Computers—Exports and Imports {values in millions of dollars) The United States' share of the world computer market is a little difficult to determine. I do have a figure which includes both computing and accounting machines. On this basis the United States has 39% of the total world market in international commerce, followed by West Germany with 14%, the United Kingdom and Italy each with 11%, and France and Sweden with about 9% each. That includes accounting machines, which still comprise a very large part of the market. I suspect that if it were limited to computers alone the U.S. share of the world market would be substantially greater. As to where our computer exports go, I also have some pertinent figures. In 1964 our major cus","PeriodicalId":219254,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '65 (Fall, part II)","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116387920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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