Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2024.10.013
The study explores the potential of green extraction techniques—Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE), Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE), and Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE)—for obtaining natural food colorants from various plant materials. These methods were assessed based on efficiency, yield, environmental impact, and cost-effectiveness. MAE, UAE, and SFE demonstrated higher extraction yields and purity levels of bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins, carotenoids, and betacyanins compared to conventional methods. The environmental benefits of these green techniques include reduced energy consumption, minimal waste production, and the use of non-toxic solvents. However, technological barriers in scaling up, regulatory and safety considerations, and cost implications were identified as challenges. Future research opportunities lie in optimizing extraction conditions, improving scalability, ensuring regulatory compliance, and developing cost-effective solutions. The integration of these sustainable extraction methods into the food industry aligns with eco-friendly practices and meets the growing consumer demand for natural and safe food ingredients.
{"title":"Green technologies in food colorant extraction: A comprehensive review","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.10.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.10.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study explores the potential of green extraction techniques—Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE), Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE), and Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE)—for obtaining natural food colorants from various plant materials. These methods were assessed based on efficiency, yield, environmental impact, and cost-effectiveness. MAE, UAE, and SFE demonstrated higher extraction yields and purity levels of bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins, carotenoids, and betacyanins compared to conventional methods. The environmental benefits of these green techniques include reduced energy consumption, minimal waste production, and the use of non-toxic solvents. However, technological barriers in scaling up, regulatory and safety considerations, and cost implications were identified as challenges. Future research opportunities lie in optimizing extraction conditions, improving scalability, ensuring regulatory compliance, and developing cost-effective solutions. The integration of these sustainable extraction methods into the food industry aligns with eco-friendly practices and meets the growing consumer demand for natural and safe food ingredients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2024.10.007
Some potential models are only studied for open systems even though applied to certain models, the theoretical value cannot be justified by the observed data, such potential model includes the symmetric trigonometric Rosen-Morse potential and some certain types of Pὂschl-Teller potential. Their inability to reproduce the observed data is due to the potential parameters that lack physical meanings. To make these types of potentials more useful and interesting, the present study combined the symmetric trigonometric Rosen-Morse potential and a type of Pὂschl-Teller potential and transformed the potential parameters to spectroscopic parameters to suit molecular study. The energy of the modified potential is applied to the study of some thermodynamic properties (enthalpy and heat capacity at constant pressure) for some molecules. The numerical results of the various thermodynamic properties of the modified potential reproduced experimental data for some molecules for the four molecules studied. The predicted results for each of the four molecules has average percentage deviation of less than one percent justifying an excellent agreement with the experimental data.
{"title":"Molar enthalpy and heat capacity for symmetric trigonometric Rosen-Morse plus Pὂschl-Teller potential","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Some potential models are only studied for open systems even though applied to certain models, the theoretical value cannot be justified by the observed data, such potential model includes the symmetric trigonometric Rosen-Morse potential and some certain types of Pὂschl-Teller potential. Their inability to reproduce the observed data is due to the potential parameters that lack physical meanings. To make these types of potentials more useful and interesting, the present study combined the symmetric trigonometric Rosen-Morse potential and a type of Pὂschl-Teller potential and transformed the potential parameters to spectroscopic parameters to suit molecular study. The energy of the modified potential is applied to the study of some thermodynamic properties (enthalpy and heat capacity at constant pressure) for some molecules. The numerical results of the various thermodynamic properties of the modified potential reproduced experimental data for some molecules for the four molecules studied. The predicted results for each of the four molecules has average percentage deviation of less than one percent justifying an excellent agreement with the experimental data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142579097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2024.10.009
The production of phycobiliproteins, such as cyanobacterial phycocyanins, is a growing interest due to their diverse industrial and biotechnological applications. This study focuses on optimizing phycocyanin production using the strain Potamosiphon sp. through experimental techniques and mathematical modeling in fed-batch cultures. The methodology applied includes determining the kinetic constants by linearizing the Monod equation evaluating the concentrations of biomass, C-phycocyanin (C-PC), nitrates (NO3), and phosphates (PO4). A mathematical model of periodic fed-batch feeding was subsequently established, applying mass conservation principles and evaluating the accuracy of the Monod, Contois, Moser, and Tessier models. The results indicate that phycocyanin production is highly dependent on phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations, with optimal conversion observed at specific levels of these elements (0.832 for phosphorus and 0.805 for nitrogen in terms of C-PC and biomass, respectively). The Tessier model demonstrated the highest accuracy in predicting production and optimizing operational conditions, with a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.005000 for biomass production, 0.200000 for C-PC production, and 0.000010 for substrate consumption. It also achieved high R² values of 0.980 for biomass, 0.999 for C-PC production, and 0.997 for substrate consumption. It presented the lowest Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) scores, indicating its robustness and reliability in modeling these processes and manipulating cultivation conditions and providing adequate nutrition allowed for achieving growth rates of 1.23 g/L and a C-PC concentration of 37 mg/L, which are essential for industrial applications such as natural colorants and antioxidants, among others.
{"title":"Integration of mathematical and experimental modeling for sustainable phycobiliprotein production via fed-batch cultures","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.10.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The production of phycobiliproteins, such as cyanobacterial phycocyanins, is a growing interest due to their diverse industrial and biotechnological applications. This study focuses on optimizing phycocyanin production using the strain <em>Potamosiphon</em> sp. through experimental techniques and mathematical modeling in fed-batch cultures. The methodology applied includes determining the kinetic constants by linearizing the Monod equation evaluating the concentrations of biomass, C-phycocyanin (C-PC), nitrates (NO<sub>3</sub>), and phosphates (PO<sub>4</sub>). A mathematical model of periodic fed-batch feeding was subsequently established, applying mass conservation principles and evaluating the accuracy of the Monod, Contois, Moser, and Tessier models. The results indicate that phycocyanin production is highly dependent on phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations, with optimal conversion observed at specific levels of these elements (0.832 for phosphorus and 0.805 for nitrogen in terms of C-PC and biomass, respectively). The Tessier model demonstrated the highest accuracy in predicting production and optimizing operational conditions, with a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.005000 for biomass production, 0.200000 for C-PC production, and 0.000010 for substrate consumption. It also achieved high R² values of 0.980 for biomass, 0.999 for C-PC production, and 0.997 for substrate consumption. It presented the lowest Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) scores, indicating its robustness and reliability in modeling these processes and manipulating cultivation conditions and providing adequate nutrition allowed for achieving growth rates of 1.23 g/L and a C-PC concentration of 37 mg/L, which are essential for industrial applications such as natural colorants and antioxidants, among others.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2024.09.013
Polymers and nanomaterials had been widely applied at electrochemical chemosensor and biosensor. Developing technical energy is still much needed, especially using natural environmental friendly material. Both chitosan of biopolymer and carbon nanodots (CNDs) of nanomaterials are highly studied due to their extraordinary properties. The research focus on chitosan and chitosan/CNDs nanocomposite surface that was applied for electrical energy. Nanocomposite was coated on Cu electrode surface by using electroplating method. The coated electrode was dipped into oil samples. The dipped nanocomposite then was characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, and Chemosensor. Nanocomposite structure is still maintain its chemical compound, confirmed by FTIR and XRD, which still maintain amine group; hydroxyl group; and crystalinity of chitosan after CNDs intercoporation. Nanocomposite surface morphology show magnetite particle distribution that spreaded on the surface of electrode for both chitosan and CNDs nanocomposite, which is confirmed by SEM. The free dipping method is based on the sensitive material chitosan/CNDs as a chemosensor; the pressure process on the surface of the chitosan/CNDs sensitive material causes the interaction of metal ions and acid compounds, which involves an iontophoresis process where oil atoms that have been excited in the evaporation process will experience atomic vibrations due to electron transport which then the active groups on the Chemosensor directly absorb and bind metals and acids in oil use a chemisorption process which leads to the transfer of charge from the adsorption particles to the chemosensor surface to fill the holes so that a potential difference occurs in the form of electrical pulses which will then be captured by the Arduino system which will be converted into digital data. This process makes technological energy production in the form of electrical energy faster.
{"title":"Chitosan/CNDs coated Cu electrode surface has an electrical potential for electrical energy application","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.09.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.09.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymers and nanomaterials had been widely applied at electrochemical chemosensor and biosensor. Developing technical energy is still much needed, especially using natural environmental friendly material. Both chitosan of biopolymer and carbon nanodots (CNDs) of nanomaterials are highly studied due to their extraordinary properties. The research focus on chitosan and chitosan/CNDs nanocomposite surface that was applied for electrical energy. Nanocomposite was coated on Cu electrode surface by using electroplating method. The coated electrode was dipped into oil samples. The dipped nanocomposite then was characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, and Chemosensor. Nanocomposite structure is still maintain its chemical compound, confirmed by FTIR and XRD, which still maintain amine group; hydroxyl group; and crystalinity of chitosan after CNDs intercoporation. Nanocomposite surface morphology show magnetite particle distribution that spreaded on the surface of electrode for both chitosan and CNDs nanocomposite, which is confirmed by SEM. The free dipping method is based on the sensitive material chitosan/CNDs as a chemosensor; the pressure process on the surface of the chitosan/CNDs sensitive material causes the interaction of metal ions and acid compounds, which involves an iontophoresis process where oil atoms that have been excited in the evaporation process will experience atomic vibrations due to electron transport which then the active groups on the Chemosensor directly absorb and bind metals and acids in oil use a chemisorption process which leads to the transfer of charge from the adsorption particles to the chemosensor surface to fill the holes so that a potential difference occurs in the form of electrical pulses which will then be captured by the Arduino system which will be converted into digital data. This process makes technological energy production in the form of electrical energy faster.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2024.10.006
The current study presents mixed convective flow inside a square chamber holding a centrally placed and thermally conductive oscillating porous circular cylinder. The left boundary's temperature is kept larger than that of the right edge, and the horizontal edges are preserved at adiabatic settings. The circumferential speed of the cylinder is sinusoidal and oscillating in nature. The fluid region within the chamber is modeled employing 2D Navier-Stokes and heat energy equations. Furthermore, the fluid circulation and heat transmission within the porous cylinder are modeled using the Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer formulation. The leading equations are discretized utilizing the Galerkin finite element technique. The parametric study is undertaken considering three distinct diameters of the porous cylinder and three distinct oscillation frequencies. The instant Nusselt number is evaluated along the heated wall, which varies in an oscillatory pattern owing to the repeated contraction and enlargement of the thermal boundary layer. The Nusselt number is averaged over time once the value becomes statistically stationary. The study is conducted within a mixed convection region with Reynolds (Re = 100), Richardson (0.1 ≤ Ri ≤ 10), and Grashof (103 ≤ Gr ≤ 105) numbers. Upon thorough examination, it becomes clear that the system's thermal performance shows promising improvement with the largest cylinder diameter and the lowest oscillation frequency. Specifically, the average Nusselt number shows a maximum improvement of 21.50 % at the largest cylinder diameter.
本研究介绍了在一个方形腔体内的混合对流，腔体内有一个放置在中心的导热振荡多孔圆柱体。左边界的温度保持大于右边缘的温度，水平边缘保持绝热设置。圆柱体的圆周速度为正弦振荡。腔体内的流体区域采用二维纳维-斯托克斯方程和热能方程建模。此外，多孔圆柱体内的流体循环和热量传输采用达西-布林克曼-福克海默公式建模。主导方程利用 Galerkin 有限元技术进行离散化。参数研究考虑了多孔圆柱体的三种不同直径和三种不同的振荡频率。由于热边界层的反复收缩和扩大，沿加热壁的瞬时努塞尔特数以振荡模式变化。一旦数值在统计上趋于稳定，则对努塞尔特数进行时间平均。研究在雷诺数（Re = 100）、理查德森数（0.1 ≤ Ri ≤ 10）和格拉肖夫数（103 ≤ Gr ≤ 105）的混合对流区域内进行。经过深入研究，我们可以清楚地看到，当气缸直径最大、振荡频率最低时，系统的热性能有望得到改善。具体来说，在最大圆筒直径时，平均努塞尔特数的最大改进幅度为 21.50%。
{"title":"Heat transfer characteristics of mixed convection inside a differentially heated square cavity containing an oscillating porous cylinder","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study presents mixed convective flow inside a square chamber holding a centrally placed and thermally conductive oscillating porous circular cylinder. The left boundary's temperature is kept larger than that of the right edge, and the horizontal edges are preserved at adiabatic settings. The circumferential speed of the cylinder is sinusoidal and oscillating in nature. The fluid region within the chamber is modeled employing 2D Navier-Stokes and heat energy equations. Furthermore, the fluid circulation and heat transmission within the porous cylinder are modeled using the Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer formulation. The leading equations are discretized utilizing the Galerkin finite element technique. The parametric study is undertaken considering three distinct diameters of the porous cylinder and three distinct oscillation frequencies. The instant Nusselt number is evaluated along the heated wall, which varies in an oscillatory pattern owing to the repeated contraction and enlargement of the thermal boundary layer. The Nusselt number is averaged over time once the value becomes statistically stationary. The study is conducted within a mixed convection region with Reynolds (<em>Re</em> = 100), Richardson (0.1 ≤ <em>Ri</em> ≤ 10), and Grashof (10<sup>3</sup> ≤ <em>G</em>r ≤ 10<sup>5</sup>) numbers. Upon thorough examination, it becomes clear that the system's thermal performance shows promising improvement with the largest cylinder diameter and the lowest oscillation frequency. Specifically, the average Nusselt number shows a maximum improvement of 21.50 % at the largest cylinder diameter.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2024.10.003
Furfural is potentially produced from lignocellulose waste of biorefinery processes and is widely used as a value-added in various chemical industries. However, the purification of furfural should be conducted to obtain high purity. This work aims to synthesize, design, and optimize the furfural production using some alternative distillation processes by simulation using Super Pro and ASPEN software. The pretreatment process of producing crude furfural from empty fruit bunch waste is also evaluated. The production cost of $0.23/kg of crude furfural (5 %) was obtained in the preliminary process. In the purification process, the sequenced distillation process was less prospective than the extractive distillation based on the simulation basis and economic evaluation. The extractive distillation using n‑butyl chloride performed better than toluene and benzene as the furfural recovery, and the purity was 98.60 % and 99.94 %, respectively. The payback period (PBP), internal rate return (IRR), and net present value (NPV) also indicated the great performance of the extractive distillation process with values of 1.24 years, 36.04 %, and $14,591,500, respectively. Therefore, the simulation, design, and economic evaluation presented promising results that are feasible for plant establishment.
{"title":"Furfural purification and production from prospective agricultural waste of oil palm empty fruit bunch: Simulation, design and economic assessments","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Furfural is potentially produced from lignocellulose waste of biorefinery processes and is widely used as a value-added in various chemical industries. However, the purification of furfural should be conducted to obtain high purity. This work aims to synthesize, design, and optimize the furfural production using some alternative distillation processes by simulation using Super Pro and ASPEN software. The pretreatment process of producing crude furfural from empty fruit bunch waste is also evaluated. The production cost of $0.23/kg of crude furfural (5 %) was obtained in the preliminary process. In the purification process, the sequenced distillation process was less prospective than the extractive distillation based on the simulation basis and economic evaluation. The extractive distillation using n‑butyl chloride performed better than toluene and benzene as the furfural recovery, and the purity was 98.60 % and 99.94 %, respectively. The payback period (PBP), internal rate return (IRR), and net present value (NPV) also indicated the great performance of the extractive distillation process with values of 1.24 years, 36.04 %, and $14,591,500, respectively. Therefore, the simulation, design, and economic evaluation presented promising results that are feasible for plant establishment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2024.09.009
A bench-scale study of river water treatment using composite polyethersulfone (PES) membrane was carried out. Polyethylene glycol-silver nanoparticles (PEG-AgNPs) additive was designed to support the simultaneous filtration and disinfection performance of PES membranes via in situ incorporation. Significant improvements in the PES membranes after modification with PEG-AgNPs were observed. The experimental results showed that the PEG-AgNPs increased the PES membrane water flux from 2.87 to 172.84 L/m2·h. The anti-fouling test of the PES membrane toward humic acid molecules after the addition of PES/PEG-AgNPs increased the reversible fouling and decreased the irreversible fouling. In terms of filtration performance, the PES/PEG-AgNP membranes showed high filtration performance, with a water disinfection ability of 99.99 %. Moreover, the leach of silver particles from the PES membrane forced by ultrasonication was <50 ppb, indicating the security and stability of the PES/PEG-AgNP membrane.
{"title":"High-performance of anti-bacterial composite membrane prepared from polyethersulfone-polyethylene glycol-silver nanoparticles","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.09.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A bench-scale study of river water treatment using composite polyethersulfone (PES) membrane was carried out. Polyethylene glycol-silver nanoparticles (PEG-AgNPs) additive was designed to support the simultaneous filtration and disinfection performance of PES membranes via in situ incorporation. Significant improvements in the PES membranes after modification with PEG-AgNPs were observed. The experimental results showed that the PEG-AgNPs increased the PES membrane water flux from 2.87 to 172.84 L/m<sup>2</sup>·h. The anti-fouling test of the PES membrane toward humic acid molecules after the addition of PES/PEG-AgNPs increased the reversible fouling and decreased the irreversible fouling. In terms of filtration performance, the PES/PEG-AgNP membranes showed high filtration performance, with a water disinfection ability of 99.99 %. Moreover, the leach of silver particles from the PES membrane forced by ultrasonication was <50 ppb, indicating the security and stability of the PES/PEG-AgNP membrane.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2024.09.012
In this study, we synthesized mesoporous silver-titanium (Ag/TiO2) through green synthesis approach using mangosteen pericarp extract, which subsequently can act as both adsorbent and photocatalyst materials. Additionally, we investigated and compared the degradation of methylene blue (MB) using mesoporous Ag/TiO2 under dark conditions, visible light irradiation, and both dark-light conditions to analyze the adsorption-photocatalysis activity. The achieved mesoporous structure in this study offers distinct advantages as an adsorbent. Moreover, the addition of silver (Ag) to titanium dioxide (TiO2) shows promise in enhancing photocatalytic activity in MB degradation, which enhances photocatalytic activity in the visible light region due to its localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), which excites more electrons, resulting in increased MB degradation. The highest degradation percentage of 97.08 % was obtained using a dark-light degradation mechanism, demonstrating that the synthesized mesoporous Ag/TiO2 has potential as an effective integrated adsorbent-photocatalyst material for MB dye degradation.
{"title":"Investigation of methylene blue dye degradation using green synthesized mesoporous silver-titanium","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.09.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajce.2024.09.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we synthesized mesoporous silver-titanium (Ag/TiO<sub>2</sub>) through green synthesis approach using mangosteen pericarp extract, which subsequently can act as both adsorbent and photocatalyst materials. Additionally, we investigated and compared the degradation of methylene blue (MB) using mesoporous Ag/TiO<sub>2</sub> under dark conditions, visible light irradiation, and both dark-light conditions to analyze the adsorption-photocatalysis activity. The achieved mesoporous structure in this study offers distinct advantages as an adsorbent. Moreover, the addition of silver (Ag) to titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) shows promise in enhancing photocatalytic activity in MB degradation, which enhances photocatalytic activity in the visible light region due to its localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), which excites more electrons, resulting in increased MB degradation. The highest degradation percentage of 97.08 % was obtained using a dark-light degradation mechanism, demonstrating that the synthesized mesoporous Ag/TiO<sub>2</sub> has potential as an effective integrated adsorbent-photocatalyst material for MB dye degradation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21926,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2024.09.010
Micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) pollution, which has currently become a serious environmental problem, poses a great risk to ecosystem health and biodiversity. The adverse effects of MNPs in different characteristics on organismal homeostasis are intensively studied due to their considerable threats to ecology and human/public health, since they have been identified in human blood, placenta and breast milk. To date, many studies have been carried out on MNPs, and remarkable results have been reported on their diversity, distribution, origins and their influences at the cellular level, to name a few. The literature suggests that the extent of the risk caused by MNPs is increasing significantly every year, making it even more critical and urgent to combat MNPs pollution in the environment including aquatic environments. Therefore, it is highly important to identify, quantify and monitor MNPs, especially in the water environments since it represents one of the main transportation routes of MNPs. In this review, we provide a broad and critical overview of the different methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR), Raman spectroscopy, transmission/scanning electron microscopy (TEM/SEM), and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), currently used in the identification and quantification of MNPs, especially in aquatic environments such as seawater and marine sediments. Each of these previous methodologies has its own unique advantages and limitations; besides, there is no validated and standardized analytical method for MNPs determination, implying that more than one method or the combinations of different methodologies are required to obtain accurate data at the current state. Moreover, considering the presence of high variability of data among different methods, more research is needed to develop a universal analytical protocol to increase reproducibility and robustness of the findings on MNPs contamination in the environment, in order to increase the credibility and impact of the field.
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