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X-ray crystallographic diffraction study by whole powder pattern fitting (WPPF) method: Refinement of crystalline nanostructure polymorphs TiO2 采用全粉末模式拟合(WPPF)法进行 X 射线晶体衍射研究:细化晶体纳米结构多晶体 TiO2
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2024.10.010
Md. Ashraful Alam , Shanawaz Ahmed , Raton Kumar Bishwas , Sabrina Mostofa , Shirin Akter Jahan
High crystalline preferred oriented low strain anatase utilizing a novel and unique approach employing the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique is the prime focus of the investigation. This process effectively enhanced controlled crystalline phase growth with 86.70 % anatase and 13.30 % rutile confirmed through Rietveld refinement in the WPPF method. The prominent crystalline phase providing insights into lattice parameters a = b = 3.7882 Å, c = 9.5143 Å, α=β=γ= 90.0° where lattice strain 0.280 %, lattice volume 136.533 Å3, specific surface area 84.69 m2/g, dislocation density 2.94 × 10–3 nm−2, morphology index 0.722, preference growth -0.087 and packing efficiency 70.13 %. The most intense diffraction was attributed to the (101) plane at 2θ= 25.288° The average crystallite size through various models was 18.45 nm (Scherrer equation), 34.08 nm (Williamson-Hall plot), 22.12 nm (Monshi-Scherrer model), 18.49 nm (Sahadat-Scherrer model), 22.44 nm (Size-strain plot model) and 17.87 nm (Halder-Wagner model) confirming the formation of nano-sized anatase phase of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The standard powder nanocrystals exhibit a crystallinity of 67.87 %, underscoring the efficacy of the highly oriented anatase with desirable structural and diffraction properties. `This reduction in crystal structure defects and strain, alongside a smaller lattice volume improved stability and high crystalline anatase predominant (101) was observed at low temperatures.
利用粉末 X 射线衍射 (XRD) 技术的新颖独特方法,研究的重点是高结晶优选取向低应变锐钛矿。该工艺有效地提高了晶相生长的可控性,在 WPPF 方法中,通过里特维尔德精炼法确认锐钛矿占 86.70%,金红石占 13.30%。晶格参数 a = b = 3.7882 Å,c = 9.5143 Å,α=β=γ= 90.0°,其中晶格应变 0.280 %,晶格体积 136.533 Å3,比表面积 84.69 m2/g,位错密度 2.94 × 10-3 nm-2,形态指数 0.722,偏好增长 -0.087 和堆积效率 70.13 %。在 2θ= 25.288°处的(101)面上衍射最强烈。通过各种模型得出的平均晶粒大小为 18.45 nm(Scherrer 方程)、34.08 nm(Williamson-Hall 图)、22.12 nm (Monshi-Scherrer 模型)、18.49 nm (Sahadat-Scherrer 模型)、22.44 nm (Size-strain plot 模型) 和 17.87 nm (Halder-Wagner 模型)。标准粉末纳米晶体的结晶度为 67.87%,表明高取向锐钛矿具有理想的结构和衍射特性。晶体结构缺陷和应变减少,同时晶格体积变小,提高了稳定性,在低温下观察到以锐钛矿为主的高结晶(101)。
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引用次数: 0
Green technologies in food colorant extraction: A comprehensive review 食品着色剂提取中的绿色技术:综合评述
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2024.10.013
Irianto Irianto , Nicky Rahmana Putra , Yustisia Yustisia , Syahrial Abdullah , Syafruddin Syafruddin , Paesal Paesal , Andi Irmadamayanti , Herawati Herawati , Budi Raharjo , Sri Agustini , Asmaliyah Asmaliyah , Amik Krismawati , Bramantyo Airlangga
The study explores the potential of green extraction techniques—Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE), Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE), and Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE)—for obtaining natural food colorants from various plant materials. These methods were assessed based on efficiency, yield, environmental impact, and cost-effectiveness. MAE, UAE, and SFE demonstrated higher extraction yields and purity levels of bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins, carotenoids, and betacyanins compared to conventional methods. The environmental benefits of these green techniques include reduced energy consumption, minimal waste production, and the use of non-toxic solvents. However, technological barriers in scaling up, regulatory and safety considerations, and cost implications were identified as challenges. Future research opportunities lie in optimizing extraction conditions, improving scalability, ensuring regulatory compliance, and developing cost-effective solutions. The integration of these sustainable extraction methods into the food industry aligns with eco-friendly practices and meets the growing consumer demand for natural and safe food ingredients.
本研究探讨了绿色萃取技术--微波辅助萃取(MAE)、超声辅助萃取(UAE)和超临界流体萃取(SFE)--从各种植物材料中获取天然食用色素的潜力。根据效率、产量、环境影响和成本效益对这些方法进行了评估。与传统方法相比,MAE、UAE 和 SFE 的提取率和生物活性化合物(如花青素、类胡萝卜素和贝特类)的纯度更高。这些绿色技术的环境效益包括降低能耗、减少废物产生和使用无毒溶剂。然而,扩大规模的技术障碍、监管和安全考虑以及成本影响被认为是挑战。未来的研究机会在于优化萃取条件、提高可扩展性、确保符合法规要求以及开发具有成本效益的解决方案。将这些可持续萃取方法整合到食品工业中,既符合生态友好型实践,又能满足消费者对天然安全食品配料日益增长的需求。
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引用次数: 0
Heat transportation of 3D chemically reactive flow of Jeffrey nanofluid over a porous frame with variable thermal conductivity 杰弗里纳米流体在导热系数可变的多孔框架上的三维化学反应流的热传输
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2024.10.011
Nahid Fatima , Aaqib Majeed , Taoufik Saidani , Nouman Ijaz , Kamal Barghout , Nidal Abu-Libdeh
Nanofluids with variable thermal conductivity can potentially bring about a transformative impact in various industries. They offer adaptive and efficient heat transfer solutions that can adjust to changing conditions and specific requirements. The insertion of nanoparticles into the base fluid significantly changes its properties, affecting thermal conductivity and viscosity. The primary objective of this paper is to analyze the heat transfer rate and three-dimensional bio-convective flow of a non-Newtonian Jeffrey nanofluid across a porous surface with variable thermal conductivity. The investigation also considers the impacts of thermophoresis, Brownian motion, and the Lorentz force. The combine impact of thermal radiation and motile microbes also incorporated in the current study. To model these phenomena, we employ the boundary layer approximation to derive a system of partial differential equations (PDEs). These PDEs are subsequently simplified into more manageable ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using the similarity variables. The numerical analysis is performed via the finite difference approach, which consists of a three-stage Lobatto scheme using MATLAB package. Additionally, important engineering parameters under different constraints-like skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number—are given in a thorough manner using tabular and graphical representations. The results of this study demonstrate significant enhancements in various aspects, including thermophoresis, Brownian motion, and thermal boundary layer thickness are demonstrated through graphically and in the form of tables. As the thermal radiation parameter increases, the temperature profile rises accordingly. This enhancement in the temperature profile is directly attributable to the higher value of the radiation parameter, which results in a physical increase in temperature. These improvements are attributed to a reduction in viscous forces and an increase in the Brownian diffusion coefficient. This research advances the understanding of non-Newtonian thermally radiative flow with variable thermal conductivity, elucidating the complex behavior of such fluids and providing valuable insights for engineering applications.
导热系数可变的纳米流体有可能为各行各业带来变革性影响。它们可提供适应性强的高效传热解决方案,能够适应不断变化的条件和特定要求。在基础流体中加入纳米颗粒会显著改变其特性,影响导热性和粘度。本文的主要目的是分析非牛顿杰弗里纳米流体在导热系数可变的多孔表面上的传热速率和三维生物对流。研究还考虑了热泳、布朗运动和洛伦兹力的影响。热辐射和运动微生物的综合影响也纳入了当前的研究。为了建立这些现象的模型,我们采用了边界层近似法来推导偏微分方程(PDEs)系统。随后,利用相似变量将这些偏微分方程简化为更易于处理的常微分方程。数值分析是通过有限差分法进行的,其中包括使用 MATLAB 软件包的三阶段 Lobatto 方案。此外,在不同约束条件下的重要工程参数--如表皮摩擦、努塞尔特数和舍伍德数--均以表格和图形表示的方式详尽给出。研究结果表明,热泳、布朗运动和热边界层厚度等各方面的参数都得到了显著提高,并以图形和表格的形式进行了展示。随着热辐射参数的增加,温度曲线也相应上升。温度曲线的上升直接归因于辐射参数值的增加,这导致了温度的物理上升。这些改进归因于粘性力的降低和布朗扩散系数的增加。这项研究加深了人们对导热系数可变的非牛顿热辐射流的理解,阐明了这类流体的复杂行为,并为工程应用提供了宝贵的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Molar enthalpy and heat capacity for symmetric trigonometric Rosen-Morse plus Pὂschl-Teller potential 对称三角 Rosen-Morse 加 Pὂschl-Teller 势的摩尔焓和热容
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2024.10.007
C.A. Onate, J.A. Akinpelu, O.O. Ajani, B.B. Deji-Jinadu, F.O. Aweda, J.B. Fashae, O.O. Jegede
Some potential models are only studied for open systems even though applied to certain models, the theoretical value cannot be justified by the observed data, such potential model includes the symmetric trigonometric Rosen-Morse potential and some certain types of Pὂschl-Teller potential. Their inability to reproduce the observed data is due to the potential parameters that lack physical meanings. To make these types of potentials more useful and interesting, the present study combined the symmetric trigonometric Rosen-Morse potential and a type of Pὂschl-Teller potential and transformed the potential parameters to spectroscopic parameters to suit molecular study. The energy of the modified potential is applied to the study of some thermodynamic properties (enthalpy and heat capacity at constant pressure) for some molecules. The numerical results of the various thermodynamic properties of the modified potential reproduced experimental data for some molecules for the four molecules studied. The predicted results for each of the four molecules has average percentage deviation of less than one percent justifying an excellent agreement with the experimental data.
有些势模型只针对开放系统进行研究,即使应用于某些模型,其理论值也不能被观测数据所证明,这类势模型包括对称三角罗森-莫尔斯势和某些类型的Pὂschl-Teller势。它们之所以无法再现观测数据,是因为其势能参数缺乏物理意义。为了使这些势能更有用、更有趣,本研究将对称三角罗森-莫尔斯势能和一种 Pὂschl-Teller 势能结合起来,并将势能参数转换为光谱参数,以适应分子研究。修改后的势能被用于研究一些分子的热力学性质(恒压下的焓和热容)。修正势能的各种热力学性质的数值结果再现了所研究的四种分子中某些分子的实验数据。四种分子中每种分子的预测结果的平均百分比偏差小于 1%,证明与实验数据非常吻合。
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引用次数: 0
Hydrothermal alkaline treatment of lignocellulosic biomass for microcrystalline cellulose generation at subcritical water 在亚临界水中对木质纤维素生物质进行水热碱性处理以生成微晶纤维素
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2024.10.008
Siti Machmudah , Wahyudiono , Prida Novarita Trisanti , Heru Setyawan , Suci Madhania , Kriyo Sambodho , Sugeng Winardi , Tadafumi Adschiri , Motonobu Goto
Like lignocellulosic biomass, wood waste sawdust is rich in cellulose and can potentially be used as a source of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) production via removal of hemicellulose and lignin constituents. Under hydrothermal alkaline treatment (100 to 140 °C), the breaking in the linkages of lignin and hemicellulose groups may happen, resulting in the solid residue, which is known as a cellulose-rich solid product. Results of FTIR analysis indicated that the removal of non-cellulosic constituents improved with increasing operating temperature and/or the prolonged treatment time. The XRD diffractogram pattern proved that improving the operating parameters (temperature and/or time) may also improve the crystallinity index of the solid product. On the contrary, the yield of the solid product decreases with increasing operating temperature and/or the prolonged treatment time.
与木质纤维素生物质一样,木材废锯屑富含纤维素,通过去除半纤维素和木质素成分,有可能用作生产微晶纤维素(MCC)的原料。在水热碱性处理(100 至 140 °C)条件下,木质素和半纤维素基团的连接可能发生断裂,从而产生固体残留物,即所谓的富含纤维素的固体产品。傅立叶变换红外分析结果表明,随着操作温度的升高和/或处理时间的延长,非纤维素成分的去除率有所提高。XRD 衍射图样证明,改善操作参数(温度和/或时间)也可提高固体产品的结晶度指数。相反,固体产品的产量会随着操作温度的升高和/或处理时间的延长而降低。
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引用次数: 0
Integration of mathematical and experimental modeling for sustainable phycobiliprotein production via fed-batch cultures 整合数学模型和实验模型,通过分批进行喂养培养实现可持续藻类蛋白生产
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2024.10.009
Jefferson E. Contreras-Ropero , Janet B. García-Martínez , Andrés F. Barajas-Solano
The production of phycobiliproteins, such as cyanobacterial phycocyanins, is a growing interest due to their diverse industrial and biotechnological applications. This study focuses on optimizing phycocyanin production using the strain Potamosiphon sp. through experimental techniques and mathematical modeling in fed-batch cultures. The methodology applied includes determining the kinetic constants by linearizing the Monod equation evaluating the concentrations of biomass, C-phycocyanin (C-PC), nitrates (NO3), and phosphates (PO4). A mathematical model of periodic fed-batch feeding was subsequently established, applying mass conservation principles and evaluating the accuracy of the Monod, Contois, Moser, and Tessier models. The results indicate that phycocyanin production is highly dependent on phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations, with optimal conversion observed at specific levels of these elements (0.832 for phosphorus and 0.805 for nitrogen in terms of C-PC and biomass, respectively). The Tessier model demonstrated the highest accuracy in predicting production and optimizing operational conditions, with a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.005000 for biomass production, 0.200000 for C-PC production, and 0.000010 for substrate consumption. It also achieved high R² values of 0.980 for biomass, 0.999 for C-PC production, and 0.997 for substrate consumption. It presented the lowest Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) scores, indicating its robustness and reliability in modeling these processes and manipulating cultivation conditions and providing adequate nutrition allowed for achieving growth rates of 1.23 g/L and a C-PC concentration of 37 mg/L, which are essential for industrial applications such as natural colorants and antioxidants, among others.
蓝藻藻蓝蛋白等藻蓝蛋白的生产因其在工业和生物技术领域的广泛应用而日益受到关注。本研究的重点是通过实验技术和数学建模,在喂养批次培养中优化利用 Potamosiphon sp.菌株生产藻蓝蛋白的过程。采用的方法包括通过对生物量、C-藻蓝蛋白(C-PC)、硝酸盐(NO3)和磷酸盐(PO4)浓度进行评估的莫诺方程线性化来确定动力学常数。随后,应用质量守恒原理建立了周期性分批投喂的数学模型,并评估了 Monod、Contois、Moser 和 Tessier 模型的准确性。结果表明,藻蓝蛋白的生产高度依赖于磷和氮的浓度,在这两种元素达到特定水平时(就 C-PC 和生物量而言,磷和氮的最佳转化率分别为 0.832 和 0.805)。Tessier 模型在预测产量和优化操作条件方面表现出最高的准确性,生物量产量的平均平方误差(MSE)为 0.005000,C-PC 产量为 0.200000,基质消耗量为 0.000010。生物量的 R² 值也很高,分别为 0.980、0.999 和 0.997。该模型的 Akaike 信息标准(AIC)得分最低,表明其在模拟这些过程时的稳健性和可靠性,通过调节培养条件和提供充足的营养,可实现 1.23 克/升的生长率和 37 毫克/升的 C-PC 浓度,这对于天然着色剂和抗氧化剂等工业应用至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Optimization of microwave-assisted hydrolysis of glucose from oil palm empty fruit bunch 优化微波辅助水解油棕空果束中的葡萄糖
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2024.10.004
Maya Sarah, Isti Madinah, Erni Misran, Fatimah
Hydrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) using microwave as an energy source is carried out to produce sugar with mild operating conditions. One way to find the best conditions that can obtain high-quality sugar is to optimize the hydrolysis process. In this study, optimization was carried out using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Central Composite Design (CCD) experimental design. Estimated variables to affect the hydrolysis process are the ratio of OPEFB to solvent (X1: 1:20–4:20 g/ml), solvent concentration (X2: 0.5–1.5 %), and hydrolysis time (X3: 5–15 min). Hydrolysis success parameters were measured by hydrolysis temperature (Y1), glucose (Y2), fructose (Y3), and total sugar (Y4) concentration. The optimization results show that the three independent variables contribute 53.25 % to the hydrolysis temperature and 86.42 % to the sugar concentration. The recommended operating conditions were hydrolysis with the ratio of OPEFB to solvent of 4:20 g/ml, solvent concentration of 0.5 %, and carried out for 10 min. The hydrolysis temperature cannot be optimized because there is a mismatch in the temperature model analysis. The application of these conditions is predicted to produce glucose, fructose, and total sugar of 315.51; 258.24; 573.85 mg/L respectively. The last step is to validate these conditions in the laboratory to get the actual value. Actual glucose, fructose, and total sugar obtained were 300.40; 245.44; 545.84 mg/L respectively. The error in this study is less than 5 % which indicates the actual value is following the predicted value. © 2001 Elsevier Science. All rights reserved.
以微波为能源对油棕空果串(OPEFB)进行水解,在温和的操作条件下生产糖。找到获得优质糖的最佳条件的方法之一是优化水解过程。本研究采用响应面方法(RSM)和中央复合设计(CCD)实验设计进行优化。影响水解过程的估计变量包括 OPEFB 与溶剂的比例(X1:1:20-4:20 g/ml)、溶剂浓度(X2:0.5-1.5 %)和水解时间(X3:5-15 分钟)。水解成功率参数由水解温度(Y1)、葡萄糖(Y2)、果糖(Y3)和总糖(Y4)浓度来衡量。优化结果表明,三个自变量对水解温度的影响为 53.25%,对糖浓度的影响为 86.42%。推荐的操作条件为:水解时 OPEFB 与溶剂的比例为 4:20 g/ml,溶剂浓度为 0.5%,水解时间为 10 分钟。由于温度模型分析不匹配,水解温度无法优化。根据预测,在这些条件下产生的葡萄糖、果糖和总糖分别为 315.51、258.24 和 573.85 mg/L。最后一步是在实验室中验证这些条件,以获得实际值。实际得到的葡萄糖、果糖和总糖分别为 300.40; 245.44; 545.84 mg/L。这项研究的误差小于 5%,表明实际值与预测值一致。© 2001 爱思唯尔科学。保留所有权利。
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引用次数: 0
Heat transfer characteristics of mixed convection inside a differentially heated square cavity containing an oscillating porous cylinder 包含摆动多孔圆柱体的差热方形空腔内混合对流的传热特性
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2024.10.006
Ananya Dipita Bhakta , Nahid Hasan , Ashfaq Raveed , Niloy Deb , Sumon Saha
The current study presents mixed convective flow inside a square chamber holding a centrally placed and thermally conductive oscillating porous circular cylinder. The left boundary's temperature is kept larger than that of the right edge, and the horizontal edges are preserved at adiabatic settings. The circumferential speed of the cylinder is sinusoidal and oscillating in nature. The fluid region within the chamber is modeled employing 2D Navier-Stokes and heat energy equations. Furthermore, the fluid circulation and heat transmission within the porous cylinder are modeled using the Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer formulation. The leading equations are discretized utilizing the Galerkin finite element technique. The parametric study is undertaken considering three distinct diameters of the porous cylinder and three distinct oscillation frequencies. The instant Nusselt number is evaluated along the heated wall, which varies in an oscillatory pattern owing to the repeated contraction and enlargement of the thermal boundary layer. The Nusselt number is averaged over time once the value becomes statistically stationary. The study is conducted within a mixed convection region with Reynolds (Re = 100), Richardson (0.1 ≤ Ri ≤ 10), and Grashof (103Gr ≤ 105) numbers. Upon thorough examination, it becomes clear that the system's thermal performance shows promising improvement with the largest cylinder diameter and the lowest oscillation frequency. Specifically, the average Nusselt number shows a maximum improvement of 21.50 % at the largest cylinder diameter.
本研究介绍了在一个方形腔体内的混合对流,腔体内有一个放置在中心的导热振荡多孔圆柱体。左边界的温度保持大于右边缘的温度,水平边缘保持绝热设置。圆柱体的圆周速度为正弦振荡。腔体内的流体区域采用二维纳维-斯托克斯方程和热能方程建模。此外,多孔圆柱体内的流体循环和热量传输采用达西-布林克曼-福克海默公式建模。主导方程利用 Galerkin 有限元技术进行离散化。参数研究考虑了多孔圆柱体的三种不同直径和三种不同的振荡频率。由于热边界层的反复收缩和扩大,沿加热壁的瞬时努塞尔特数以振荡模式变化。一旦数值在统计上趋于稳定,则对努塞尔特数进行时间平均。研究在雷诺数(Re = 100)、理查德森数(0.1 ≤ Ri ≤ 10)和格拉肖夫数(103 ≤ Gr ≤ 105)的混合对流区域内进行。经过深入研究,我们可以清楚地看到,当气缸直径最大、振荡频率最低时,系统的热性能有望得到改善。具体来说,在最大圆筒直径时,平均努塞尔特数的最大改进幅度为 21.50%。
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引用次数: 0
Chitosan/CNDs coated Cu electrode surface has an electrical potential for electrical energy application 壳聚糖/CNDs 涂层铜电极表面具有电能应用潜力
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2024.09.013
Muhammadin Hamid , Indri Dayana , Habib Satria , Muhammad Fadlan Siregar , Martha Rianna , Hadi Wijoyo
Polymers and nanomaterials had been widely applied at electrochemical chemosensor and biosensor. Developing technical energy is still much needed, especially using natural environmental friendly material. Both chitosan of biopolymer and carbon nanodots (CNDs) of nanomaterials are highly studied due to their extraordinary properties. The research focus on chitosan and chitosan/CNDs nanocomposite surface that was applied for electrical energy. Nanocomposite was coated on Cu electrode surface by using electroplating method. The coated electrode was dipped into oil samples. The dipped nanocomposite then was characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, and Chemosensor. Nanocomposite structure is still maintain its chemical compound, confirmed by FTIR and XRD, which still maintain amine group; hydroxyl group; and crystalinity of chitosan after CNDs intercoporation. Nanocomposite surface morphology show magnetite particle distribution that spreaded on the surface of electrode for both chitosan and CNDs nanocomposite, which is confirmed by SEM. The free dipping method is based on the sensitive material chitosan/CNDs as a chemosensor; the pressure process on the surface of the chitosan/CNDs sensitive material causes the interaction of metal ions and acid compounds, which involves an iontophoresis process where oil atoms that have been excited in the evaporation process will experience atomic vibrations due to electron transport which then the active groups on the Chemosensor directly absorb and bind metals and acids in oil use a chemisorption process which leads to the transfer of charge from the adsorption particles to the chemosensor surface to fill the holes so that a potential difference occurs in the form of electrical pulses which will then be captured by the Arduino system which will be converted into digital data. This process makes technological energy production in the form of electrical energy faster.
聚合物和纳米材料已广泛应用于电化学化学传感器和生物传感器。技术能源的开发仍然十分必要,尤其是使用天然环保材料。生物聚合物壳聚糖和纳米材料碳纳米管(CNDs)因其非凡的性能而备受研究。研究重点是应用于电能的壳聚糖和壳聚糖/CNDs 纳米复合材料表面。采用电镀法在铜电极表面涂覆纳米复合材料。将涂层电极浸入油样中。然后通过傅立叶变换红外光谱、X 射线衍射、扫描电镜和化学传感器对浸渍后的纳米复合材料进行表征。傅立叶变换红外光谱和 X 射线衍射仪证实,纳米复合材料的结构仍然保持其化学成分,在 CNDs 互穿之后,壳聚糖的胺基、羟基和结晶度仍然保持不变。纳米复合材料的表面形貌显示,壳聚糖和 CNDs 纳米复合材料的电极表面都有磁铁矿颗粒分布,这一点已被扫描电镜证实。自由浸渍法以敏感材料壳聚糖/CNDs 作为化学传感器;壳聚糖/CNDs 敏感材料表面的加压过程会引起金属离子和酸性化合物的相互作用、这涉及一个离子渗透过程,在蒸发过程中被激发的油原子会因电子传输而发生原子振动,然后化学传感器上的活性基团直接吸收并结合油中的金属和酸,使用化学吸附过程,导致电荷从吸附颗粒转移到化学传感器表面,以填充孔洞,从而产生电势差,形成电脉冲,然后由 Arduino 系统捕获并转换成数字数据。这一过程使电能形式的技术能源生产变得更快。
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引用次数: 0
Furfural purification and production from prospective agricultural waste of oil palm empty fruit bunch: Simulation, design and economic assessments 利用油棕空果束的农业废弃物提纯和生产糠醛:模拟、设计和经济评估
Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2024.10.003
Muryanto , Fabio Carisma Handita , Andre Fahriz Perdana Harahap , Muhammad Sahlan , Heri Hermansyah , Muhammad Arif Darmawan , Hens Saputra , Sri Djangkung Sumbogo Murti , Danang Tri Hartanto , Ahmad Tawfiequrrahman Yuliansyah , Meilana Dharma Putra , Agus Mirwan , Patrick Cognet , Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua , Misri Gozan
Furfural is potentially produced from lignocellulose waste of biorefinery processes and is widely used as a value-added in various chemical industries. However, the purification of furfural should be conducted to obtain high purity. This work aims to synthesize, design, and optimize the furfural production using some alternative distillation processes by simulation using Super Pro and ASPEN software. The pretreatment process of producing crude furfural from empty fruit bunch waste is also evaluated. The production cost of $0.23/kg of crude furfural (5 %) was obtained in the preliminary process. In the purification process, the sequenced distillation process was less prospective than the extractive distillation based on the simulation basis and economic evaluation. The extractive distillation using n‑butyl chloride performed better than toluene and benzene as the furfural recovery, and the purity was 98.60 % and 99.94 %, respectively. The payback period (PBP), internal rate return (IRR), and net present value (NPV) also indicated the great performance of the extractive distillation process with values of 1.24 years, 36.04 %, and $14,591,500, respectively. Therefore, the simulation, design, and economic evaluation presented promising results that are feasible for plant establishment.
糠醛可从生物精炼过程中产生的木质纤维素废料中提取,并被广泛用作各种化工行业的增值产品。然而,要获得高纯度的糠醛,必须对其进行提纯。本研究旨在通过使用 Super Pro 和 ASPEN 软件进行模拟,合成、设计和优化使用一些替代蒸馏工艺生产糠醛的方法。此外,还对利用空果束废料生产粗糠醛的预处理工艺进行了评估。在初步工艺中,粗糠醛(5%)的生产成本为 0.23 美元/千克。在提纯工艺中,根据模拟基础和经济评价,顺序蒸馏工艺的前景不如萃取蒸馏。使用正丁基氯进行萃取蒸馏回收糠醛的效果优于甲苯和苯,纯度分别为 98.60 % 和 99.94 %。投资回收期 (PBP)、内部收益率 (IRR) 和净现值 (NPV) 也显示了萃取蒸馏工艺的卓越性能,分别为 1.24 年、36.04 % 和 1459.15 万美元。因此,模拟、设计和经济评价得出的结果很有希望,对于建立工厂是可行的。
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South African Journal of Chemical Engineering
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