Advances in artificial intelligence (A.I.) are a double-edged sword. On the one hand, they may increase economic growth as A.I. augments our ability to innovate or even itself learns to discover new ideas. On the other hand, many experts note that these advances entail existential risk: creating a superintelligent entity mis-aligned with human values could lead to catastrophic outcomes, including human extinction. This paper considers the optimal use of A.I. technology in the presence of these opportunities and risks. Under what conditions should we continue the rapid progress of A.I. and under what conditions should we stop?
{"title":"The A.I. Dilemma: Growth Versus Existential Risk","authors":"Charles I. Jones","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4624239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4624239","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in artificial intelligence (A.I.) are a double-edged sword. On the one hand, they may increase economic growth as A.I. augments our ability to innovate or even itself learns to discover new ideas. On the other hand, many experts note that these advances entail existential risk: creating a superintelligent entity mis-aligned with human values could lead to catastrophic outcomes, including human extinction. This paper considers the optimal use of A.I. technology in the presence of these opportunities and risks. Under what conditions should we continue the rapid progress of A.I. and under what conditions should we stop?","PeriodicalId":21927,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research Network","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135448452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Long-Term Care in England","authors":"James Banks, Eric French, Jeremy McCauley","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4624229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4624229","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21927,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research Network","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135448455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Challenge for Law and Artificial Intelligence","authors":"Thomas Burri","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4620764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4620764","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21927,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research Network","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135448535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Potential Role and Challenges of ChatGPT and Similar Generative Artificial Intelligence in Architectural Engineering","authors":"Nitin Rane","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4607767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4607767","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21927,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research Network","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135448650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Influence of the Canadian-European Partnership on the Multilateral Trading System A Response to the Declining Leadership of the United States","authors":"Antoine Comont","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4595629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4595629","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21927,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research Network","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135448657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Asset Pricing in a Low Rate Environment","authors":"Marlon Azinovic, Harold L. Cole, Felix Kubler","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4624234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4624234","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21927,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research Network","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135450304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For papers to have scientific impact, they need to impress our peers in their role as referees, journal editors, and members of conference committees. Does better writing help our papers make it past these gatekeepers? In this study, we estimate the effect of writing quality by comparing how 30 economists judge the quality of papers written by PhD students in economics. Each economist judged five papers in their original version and five different papers that had been language edited. No economist saw both versions of the same paper. Our results show that writing matters. Compared to the original versions, economists judge edited versions as higher quality; they are more likely to accept edited versions for a conference; and they believe that edited versions have a better chance of being accepted at a good journal.
{"title":"Writing Matters","authors":"Jan Feld, Corinna Lines, Libby Ross","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4623036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4623036","url":null,"abstract":"For papers to have scientific impact, they need to impress our peers in their role as referees, journal editors, and members of conference committees. Does better writing help our papers make it past these gatekeepers? In this study, we estimate the effect of writing quality by comparing how 30 economists judge the quality of papers written by PhD students in economics. Each economist judged five papers in their original version and five different papers that had been language edited. No economist saw both versions of the same paper. Our results show that writing matters. Compared to the original versions, economists judge edited versions as higher quality; they are more likely to accept edited versions for a conference; and they believe that edited versions have a better chance of being accepted at a good journal.","PeriodicalId":21927,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research Network","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135450337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Long-Term Care in Japan","authors":"Rong FU, Toshiaki Iizuka, Haruko Noguchi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4624232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4624232","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21927,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research Network","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135451029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Georgios (George) C. Bitros, A. (Tassos) G. Malliaris
{"title":"Central Bank Digital Currencies: Foundational Issues and Policy Options Looking Forward","authors":"Georgios (George) C. Bitros, A. (Tassos) G. Malliaris","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4555052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4555052","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21927,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research Network","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135549950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Wave-Particle duality of Light should be considered as an unresolved mystery. Indeed, Light manifests these two very different phenomena simultaneously . On one hand Light should be viewed as a stream of Particles. Einstein initially introduced the understanding that Light should be viewed as a stream of Particles (named Photons), to explain the Photoelectric effect. On the other hand, Light clearly exhibits a Wave facet, dating back to Newton’s days, who measured the wavelength of Li ght with his Newton’s rings interference observations . However, these two very different facets of Light, its Particle facet, and its Wave facet, are so significantly different , which implies that the Wave-Particle duality of Light still awaits additional clarification and additional explanation, which was not yet provided by mainstream Physics. Instead, nowadays mainstream Physics just accepts the fact that Light embed these two very different facets simultaneously , and exhibits each facet in different experiments or situations. This paper proposes a new angle for explaining the Wave-Particle duality of Light, based on the famous Mutual Annihilation process, in which an Electron and a Positron annihilate each other to create Photons, and on the famous inverse Pair Production process, in which a Photon, in certain conditions, converts back into a pair of an Electron and a Positron. Actually, the connection between the nature of Photons and the Electron and the Positron is already presented in another paper, namely, the Electron Positron-Photon idea. The Electron Positron-Photon idea, which is due originally to (the late) Prof. J. P. Wesley, in his paper titled: “Light, a Flux of Electric Dipole Photons” [4], proposed a model of the Photon as an Electric Dipole Photon which might be an Electron-Positron pair separated by a distance L. There are two reasons why the Electron Positron-Photon idea, as presented in Prof. J. P. Wesley's paper, cannot be considered a viable concept:
{"title":"A New Angle for Explaining the Wave-Particle Duality of Light","authors":"Moshe Segal","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4554971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4554971","url":null,"abstract":"The Wave-Particle duality of Light should be considered as an unresolved mystery. Indeed, Light manifests these two very different phenomena simultaneously . On one hand Light should be viewed as a stream of Particles. Einstein initially introduced the understanding that Light should be viewed as a stream of Particles (named Photons), to explain the Photoelectric effect. On the other hand, Light clearly exhibits a Wave facet, dating back to Newton’s days, who measured the wavelength of Li ght with his Newton’s rings interference observations . However, these two very different facets of Light, its Particle facet, and its Wave facet, are so significantly different , which implies that the Wave-Particle duality of Light still awaits additional clarification and additional explanation, which was not yet provided by mainstream Physics. Instead, nowadays mainstream Physics just accepts the fact that Light embed these two very different facets simultaneously , and exhibits each facet in different experiments or situations. This paper proposes a new angle for explaining the Wave-Particle duality of Light, based on the famous Mutual Annihilation process, in which an Electron and a Positron annihilate each other to create Photons, and on the famous inverse Pair Production process, in which a Photon, in certain conditions, converts back into a pair of an Electron and a Positron. Actually, the connection between the nature of Photons and the Electron and the Positron is already presented in another paper, namely, the Electron Positron-Photon idea. The Electron Positron-Photon idea, which is due originally to (the late) Prof. J. P. Wesley, in his paper titled: “Light, a Flux of Electric Dipole Photons” [4], proposed a model of the Photon as an Electric Dipole Photon which might be an Electron-Positron pair separated by a distance L. There are two reasons why the Electron Positron-Photon idea, as presented in Prof. J. P. Wesley's paper, cannot be considered a viable concept:","PeriodicalId":21927,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research Network","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135550175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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