Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) provides important prognostic information for early-stage melanomas. However, statistics regarding the survival comparison between SLNB and nodal observation in Asia, where acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) predominates, are limited. This study aimed to identify if SLNB offered survival benefits over nodal observation in early-stage melanomas in Taiwan. The retrospective study included 227 patients who met the SLNB criteria according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines and were treated at National Taiwan University Hospital from June 1997 to June 2021. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression models. Of the study population, ALM accounted for 73.1%; 161 patients (70.9%) underwent SLNB and 66 patients (29.1%) were under nodal observation. Multivariate analysis showed significantly improved melanoma-specific survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.6; p = .02) in the SLNB group. Among those who underwent completion lymph node dissection (CLND), the non-sentinel node positivity rate was 44.4%. Immediate CLND resulted in significantly longer melanoma-specific survival and distant-metastasis-free survival (DMFS) compared to nodal observation. (HR, 0.2; p = .01 for melanoma-specific survival. HR, 0.3; p = .046 for DMFS). In conclusion, SLNB may provide survival benefits of cutaneous melanoma over nodal observation in the Taiwanese population.
{"title":"Survival benefit of sentinel lymph node biopsy in Asian melanoma patients","authors":"Che-Chia Hsu, Yi-Hua Liao, Yi-Shuan Sheen","doi":"10.1111/pcmr.13113","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcmr.13113","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) provides important prognostic information for early-stage melanomas. However, statistics regarding the survival comparison between SLNB and nodal observation in Asia, where acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) predominates, are limited. This study aimed to identify if SLNB offered survival benefits over nodal observation in early-stage melanomas in Taiwan. The retrospective study included 227 patients who met the SLNB criteria according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines and were treated at National Taiwan University Hospital from June 1997 to June 2021. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression models. Of the study population, ALM accounted for 73.1%; 161 patients (70.9%) underwent SLNB and 66 patients (29.1%) were under nodal observation. Multivariate analysis showed significantly improved melanoma-specific survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.6; <i>p</i> = .02) in the SLNB group. Among those who underwent completion lymph node dissection (CLND), the non-sentinel node positivity rate was 44.4%. Immediate CLND resulted in significantly longer melanoma-specific survival and distant-metastasis-free survival (DMFS) compared to nodal observation. (HR, 0.2; <i>p</i> = .01 for melanoma-specific survival. HR, 0.3; <i>p</i> = .046 for DMFS). In conclusion, SLNB may provide survival benefits of cutaneous melanoma over nodal observation in the Taiwanese population.</p>","PeriodicalId":219,"journal":{"name":"Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research","volume":"36 6","pages":"522-530"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9840359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seoyeon Lee, Luye An, Paul D. Soloway, Andrew C. White
Melanocyte stem cells (McSCs) of the hair follicle are necessary for hair pigmentation and can serve as melanoma cells of origin when harboring cancer-driving mutations. McSCs can be released from quiescence, activated, and undergo differentiation into pigment-producing melanocytes during the hair cycle or due to environmental stimuli, such as ultraviolet-B (UVB) exposure. However, our current understanding of the mechanisms regulating McSC stemness, activation, and differentiation remains limited. Here, to capture the differing possible states in which murine McSCs can exist, we sorted melanocyte nuclei from quiescent (telogen) skin, skin actively producing hair shafts (anagen), and skin exposed to UVB. With these sorted nuclei, we then utilized single-nucleus assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (snATAC-seq) and characterized three melanocyte lineages: quiescent McSCs (qMcSCs), activated McSCs (aMcSCs), and differentiated melanocytes (dMCs) that co-exist in all three skin conditions. Furthermore, we successfully identified differentially accessible genes and enriched transcription factor binding motifs for each melanocyte lineage. Our findings reveal potential gene regulators that determine these melanocyte cell states and provide new insights into how aMcSC chromatin states are regulated differently under divergent intrinsic and extrinsic cues. We also provide a publicly available online tool with a user-friendly interface to explore this comprehensive dataset, which will provide a resource for further studies on McSC regulation upon natural or UVB-mediated stem cell activation.
{"title":"Dynamic regulation of chromatin accessibility during melanocyte stem cell activation","authors":"Seoyeon Lee, Luye An, Paul D. Soloway, Andrew C. White","doi":"10.1111/pcmr.13112","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcmr.13112","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Melanocyte stem cells (McSCs) of the hair follicle are necessary for hair pigmentation and can serve as melanoma cells of origin when harboring cancer-driving mutations. McSCs can be released from quiescence, activated, and undergo differentiation into pigment-producing melanocytes during the hair cycle or due to environmental stimuli, such as ultraviolet-B (UVB) exposure. However, our current understanding of the mechanisms regulating McSC stemness, activation, and differentiation remains limited. Here, to capture the differing possible states in which murine McSCs can exist, we sorted melanocyte nuclei from quiescent (telogen) skin, skin actively producing hair shafts (anagen), and skin exposed to UVB. With these sorted nuclei, we then utilized single-nucleus assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (snATAC-seq) and characterized three melanocyte lineages: quiescent McSCs (qMcSCs), activated McSCs (aMcSCs), and differentiated melanocytes (dMCs) that co-exist in all three skin conditions. Furthermore, we successfully identified differentially accessible genes and enriched transcription factor binding motifs for each melanocyte lineage. Our findings reveal potential gene regulators that determine these melanocyte cell states and provide new insights into how aMcSC chromatin states are regulated differently under divergent intrinsic and extrinsic cues. We also provide a publicly available online tool with a user-friendly interface to explore this comprehensive dataset, which will provide a resource for further studies on McSC regulation upon natural or UVB-mediated stem cell activation.</p>","PeriodicalId":219,"journal":{"name":"Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research","volume":"36 6","pages":"531-541"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10399901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-09DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.07.23292371
V. Michaud, Angèle Sequeira, Elina Mercier, E. Lasseaux, C. Plaisant, S. Hadj-Rabia, S. Whalen, D. Bonneau, A. Dieux-Coeslier, F. Morice-Picard, Juliette Coursimault, B. Arveiler, S. Javerzat
Oculocutaneous albinism type 2 (OCA2) is the second most frequent form of albinism and represents about 30% of OCA worldwide. As with all types of OCA, patients present with hypopigmentation of hair and skin as well as severe visual abnormalities. We focused on a subgroup of 29 patients for whom genetic diagnosis was pending because at least one of their identified variants in or around exon 10 of is of uncertain significance (VUS). By minigene assay, we investigated the effect of these VUS on exon 10 skipping and showed that not only intronic but also some synonymous variants can result in enhanced exon skipping. We further found that excessive skipping of exon 10 could be detected directly on blood samples of patients and of their one parent with the causal variant, avoiding invasive skin biopsies. Moreover, we show that variants which result in lack of detectable mRNA can be identified from blood samples as well, as shown for the most common OCA2 pathogenic missense variant c.1327G>A/p.(Val443Ile). In conclusion, blood cell RNA analysis allows testing the potential effect of any OCA2 VUS on transcription products. This should help to elucidate yet unsolved OCA2 patients and improve genetic counseling.
{"title":"Unsuspected consequences of synonymous and missense variants in can be detected in blood cell RNA samples of patients with albinism","authors":"V. Michaud, Angèle Sequeira, Elina Mercier, E. Lasseaux, C. Plaisant, S. Hadj-Rabia, S. Whalen, D. Bonneau, A. Dieux-Coeslier, F. Morice-Picard, Juliette Coursimault, B. Arveiler, S. Javerzat","doi":"10.1101/2023.07.07.23292371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.07.07.23292371","url":null,"abstract":"Oculocutaneous albinism type 2 (OCA2) is the second most frequent form of albinism and represents about 30% of OCA worldwide. As with all types of OCA, patients present with hypopigmentation of hair and skin as well as severe visual abnormalities. We focused on a subgroup of 29 patients for whom genetic diagnosis was pending because at least one of their identified variants in or around exon 10 of is of uncertain significance (VUS). By minigene assay, we investigated the effect of these VUS on exon 10 skipping and showed that not only intronic but also some synonymous variants can result in enhanced exon skipping. We further found that excessive skipping of exon 10 could be detected directly on blood samples of patients and of their one parent with the causal variant, avoiding invasive skin biopsies. Moreover, we show that variants which result in lack of detectable mRNA can be identified from blood samples as well, as shown for the most common OCA2 pathogenic missense variant c.1327G>A/p.(Val443Ile). In conclusion, blood cell RNA analysis allows testing the potential effect of any OCA2 VUS on transcription products. This should help to elucidate yet unsolved OCA2 patients and improve genetic counseling.","PeriodicalId":219,"journal":{"name":"Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48329183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vincent Pozorski, Yeonhee Park, Yusuf Mohamoud, Dahlia Tesfamichael, Hamid Emamekhoo, Alexander Birbrair, Mark R. Albertini, Vincent T. Ma
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (NLR) and eosinophil counts are associated with improved survival in melanoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, but no study has investigated neutrophil-to-eosinophil ratios (NER) as a predictive indicator in this population. In this retrospective study evaluating anti-PD-1 treated patients with advanced melanoma, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rates (ORR), and risk of high-grade (grade ≥3) immune-related adverse events (irAEs) were compared between groups defined by median pretreatment NLR and NER as well as median NLR and NER at 1-month post-treatment. Lower baseline NLR and NER were associated with improved OS [HR: 0.504, 95% CI: 0.328–0.773, p = .002 and HR: 0.442, 95% CI: 0.288–0.681, p < .001, respectively] on univariate testing. After accounting for multiple covariates, our multivariate analysis found that lower pretreatment NER was associated with better ORR (by irRECIST) (OR: 2.199, 95% CI: 1.071–4.582, p = .033) and improved OS (HR: 0.480, 95% CI: 0.296–0.777, p = .003). Baseline NLR, 1-month NLR, and 1-month NER were not associated with ORR, PFS, or OS outcomes; but 1-month NER correlated with lower risk of grade ≥3 irAEs (OR: 0.392, 95% CI: 0.165–0.895, p = .029). Our findings suggest baseline NER merits additional investigation as a novel prognostic marker for advanced melanoma patients receiving anti-PD-1-based regimens.
{"title":"Neutrophil-to-eosinophil ratio as a biomarker for clinical outcomes in advanced stage melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1 therapy","authors":"Vincent Pozorski, Yeonhee Park, Yusuf Mohamoud, Dahlia Tesfamichael, Hamid Emamekhoo, Alexander Birbrair, Mark R. Albertini, Vincent T. Ma","doi":"10.1111/pcmr.13109","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcmr.13109","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (NLR) and eosinophil counts are associated with improved survival in melanoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, but no study has investigated neutrophil-to-eosinophil ratios (NER) as a predictive indicator in this population. In this retrospective study evaluating anti-PD-1 treated patients with advanced melanoma, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rates (ORR), and risk of high-grade (grade ≥3) immune-related adverse events (irAEs) were compared between groups defined by median pretreatment NLR and NER as well as median NLR and NER at 1-month post-treatment. Lower baseline NLR and NER were associated with improved OS [HR: 0.504, 95% CI: 0.328–0.773, <i>p</i> = .002 and HR: 0.442, 95% CI: 0.288–0.681, <i>p</i> < .001, respectively] on univariate testing. After accounting for multiple covariates, our multivariate analysis found that lower pretreatment NER was associated with better ORR (by irRECIST) (OR: 2.199, 95% CI: 1.071–4.582, <i>p</i> = .033) and improved OS (HR: 0.480, 95% CI: 0.296–0.777, <i>p</i> = .003). Baseline NLR, 1-month NLR, and 1-month NER were not associated with ORR, PFS, or OS outcomes; but 1-month NER correlated with lower risk of grade ≥3 irAEs (OR: 0.392, 95% CI: 0.165–0.895, <i>p</i> = .029). Our findings suggest baseline NER merits additional investigation as a novel prognostic marker for advanced melanoma patients receiving anti-PD-1-based regimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":219,"journal":{"name":"Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research","volume":"36 6","pages":"501-511"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71409998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuhan Si, Xueyuan Jia, Lidan Xu, Qian Qin, Jie Wu, Wei Ji, Kexian Dong, Xuelong Zhang, Lin Cao, Hao Wang, Peng Liu, Rongrong Wang, Jing Bai, Songbin Fu, Yun Huang, Wenjing Sun
Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a genetically heterogeneous disease and is most inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. The characteristic manifestation of OCA is due to disfunction of melanin synthesis. OCA1 is the most severe subtype of OCA and is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous variants in tyrosinase (TYR) gene, which is the key gene for melanin synthesis. This study aimed to identify the genetic variants of a northern Chinese family with OCA1. Clinical information and peripheral blood samples were collected. PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing were used to detect the entire exons and adjacent flanking sequences of TYR gene. Functional prediction of variants was performed by various bioinformatic analyses, while the pathogenicity classification of variants was evaluated according to ACMG standards and guidelines. A missense variant NM_000372.5:c.107G > C;NP_000363.1:p.C36S was discovered in TYR gene which converted cysteine to serine. Another variant in intron, NM_000372.5:c.1037–7 T > A, also affected the function of TYR gene. We verified the pathogenicity of the intron variant with a pCAS2 mini-gene based splicing assay and found that c.1037–7 T > A led to an insertion of 5 bp upstream from the common acceptor site of exon 3, which caused a frameshift TYR:c.1037–7 T > A:p.G346Efs*11. The results showed that the compound heterozygous variants c.107G > C:p.C36S and c.1037–7 T > A:p.G346Efs*11 of TYR gene were the pathogenic variants for this OCA1 family.
眼部皮肤白化病(OCA)是一种遗传异质性疾病,大多数以常染色体隐性遗传方式遗传。OCA的特征性表现是由于黑色素合成功能紊乱。OCA1是OCA最严重的亚型,由酪氨酸酶(TYR)基因的纯合或复合杂合变体引起,酪氨酸酶是黑色素合成的关键基因。本研究旨在鉴定中国北方一个OCA1家族的遗传变异。收集临床资料和外周血样本。采用PCR扩增和Sanger测序方法检测TYR基因的全部外显子和相邻侧翼序列。通过各种生物信息学分析进行变异的功能预测,同时根据ACMG标准和指南评估变异的致病性分类。错义变体NM_000372.5:c.107G > CNP_000363.1:p.C36S是在TYR基因中发现的,该基因将半胱氨酸转化为丝氨酸。内含子中的另一个变体,NM_000372.5:c.1037-7 T > A、 也影响TYR基因的功能。我们用pCAS2小基因剪接试验验证了内含子变体的致病性,发现c.1037-7 T > A导致插入5 外显子3的共同受体位点上游的bp,其引起TYR:c.1037-7的移码 T > A: p.G346Efs*11.结果表明,复合杂合变异体c.107G > C: p.C36S和C.1037-7 T > A: TYR基因的p.G346Efs*11是该OCA1家族的致病性变体。
{"title":"Identification and characterization of the compound heterozygous variants of TYR gene in a northern Chinese family with Oculocutaneous albinism type 1","authors":"Shuhan Si, Xueyuan Jia, Lidan Xu, Qian Qin, Jie Wu, Wei Ji, Kexian Dong, Xuelong Zhang, Lin Cao, Hao Wang, Peng Liu, Rongrong Wang, Jing Bai, Songbin Fu, Yun Huang, Wenjing Sun","doi":"10.1111/pcmr.13111","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcmr.13111","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a genetically heterogeneous disease and is most inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. The characteristic manifestation of OCA is due to disfunction of melanin synthesis. OCA1 is the most severe subtype of OCA and is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous variants in tyrosinase (TYR) gene, which is the key gene for melanin synthesis. This study aimed to identify the genetic variants of a northern Chinese family with OCA1. Clinical information and peripheral blood samples were collected. PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing were used to detect the entire exons and adjacent flanking sequences of <i>TYR</i> gene. Functional prediction of variants was performed by various bioinformatic analyses, while the pathogenicity classification of variants was evaluated according to ACMG standards and guidelines. A missense variant NM_000372.5:c.107G > C;NP_000363.1:p.C36S was discovered in <i>TYR</i> gene which converted cysteine to serine. Another variant in intron, NM_000372.5:c.1037–7 T > A, also affected the function of <i>TYR</i> gene. We verified the pathogenicity of the intron variant with a pCAS2 mini-gene based splicing assay and found that c.1037–7 T > A led to an insertion of 5 bp upstream from the common acceptor site of exon 3, which caused a frameshift <i>TYR</i>:c.1037–7 T > A:p.G346Efs*11. The results showed that the compound heterozygous variants c.107G > C:p.C36S and c.1037–7 T > A:p.G346Efs*11 of <i>TYR</i> gene were the pathogenic variants for this OCA1 family.</p>","PeriodicalId":219,"journal":{"name":"Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research","volume":"36 6","pages":"472-480"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9752170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Riehl's melanosis is a hyperpigmentation disorder that has a significant psychological and social impact on individuals. In the past 10 years, new categories have been developed, raising questions about how to classify Riehl's melanosis. The mechanism of this disease remains unclear, although the type IV hypersensitivity response caused by allergic sensitization, as well as genetic, ultraviolet radiation, and autoimmune factors, is to blame. Clinical manifestation, dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy, patch/photopatch testing, histopathology, and a novel multimodality skin imaging system have been used for the diagnosis. A variety of therapies including topical skin-lightening agents, oral tranexamic acid, glycyrrhizin compound, chemical peels, and lasers and light therapies (intense pulsed light, 1064-nm Q-Switched Nd: YAG laser, 755-nm PicoWay laser, nonablative 1927-nm fractional thulium fiber laser, new pulsed-type microneedling radiofrequency), with improved effectiveness. The latest findings on possible biomarkers and their relationship to other autoimmune diseases were also summarized.
{"title":"Unveiling the mystery of Riehl's melanosis: An update from pathogenesis, diagnosis to treatment","authors":"Yuecen Ding, Zhongyi Xu, Leihong Flora Xiang, Chengfeng Zhang","doi":"10.1111/pcmr.13108","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pcmr.13108","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Riehl's melanosis is a hyperpigmentation disorder that has a significant psychological and social impact on individuals. In the past 10 years, new categories have been developed, raising questions about how to classify Riehl's melanosis. The mechanism of this disease remains unclear, although the type IV hypersensitivity response caused by allergic sensitization, as well as genetic, ultraviolet radiation, and autoimmune factors, is to blame. Clinical manifestation, dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy, patch/photopatch testing, histopathology, and a novel multimodality skin imaging system have been used for the diagnosis. A variety of therapies including topical skin-lightening agents, oral tranexamic acid, glycyrrhizin compound, chemical peels, and lasers and light therapies (intense pulsed light, 1064-nm Q-Switched Nd: YAG laser, 755-nm PicoWay laser, nonablative 1927-nm fractional thulium fiber laser, new pulsed-type microneedling radiofrequency), with improved effectiveness. The latest findings on possible biomarkers and their relationship to other autoimmune diseases were also summarized.</p>","PeriodicalId":219,"journal":{"name":"Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research","volume":"36 6","pages":"455-467"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9749659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julia C. Thierauf, Stefan T. Kaluziak, Elizabeth Codd, Stacy N. Dybel, Soma Jobbagy, Rashi Purohit, Alex A. Farahani, Aikaterini Dedeilia, Vivek Naranbhai, Mai P. Hoang, Adam S. Fisch, Lauren Ritterhouse, Genevieve M. Boland, Jochen K. Lennerz, A. John Iafrate
Mucosal melanoma (MM) is a rare subtype of melanoma with an aggressive clinical course. In cutaneous melanoma (CM), the absence of pigmentation and presence of NRAS/KRAS mutations are biomarkers indicating an aggressive clinical course with shorter overall survival. Similar data for MM are missing. We present the real-world outcome data in a cohort of genotyped MM patients and assessed the prognostic relevance of pigmentation- and NRAS/KRAS mutation status. We correlated pathological reports and clinical data with overall survival of patients with MM. Furthermore, we performed clinically integrated molecular genotyping and analyzed real world treatment regimens for covariates associated with clinical outcome. We identified 39 patients with available clinical and molecular data. Patients with amelanotic MM had a significantly shorter overall survival (p = .003). In addition, the presence of a NRAS or KRAS mutation was significantly associated with poor overall survival (NRAS or KRAS p = .024). Currently, it is unknown if the same prognostic relevance for the lack of pigmentation and RAS mutations in CM, exists in MM. Here we analyzed a cohort of MM for outcome measures and determined that two known prognostic biomarkers for CM are in fact novel prognosticators for MM.
黏膜黑色素瘤(MM)是一种罕见的黑色素瘤亚型,具有侵袭性的临床病程。在皮肤黑色素瘤(CM)中,色素沉着的缺失和NRAS/KRAS突变的存在是表明侵袭性临床病程和较短总生存期的生物标志物。MM的类似数据缺失。我们提供了一组基因型MM患者的真实结果数据,并评估了色素沉着和NRAS/KRAS突变状态与预后的相关性。我们将病理报告和临床数据与MM患者的总生存期联系起来。此外,我们进行了临床整合的分子基因分型,并分析了与临床结果相关的实际治疗方案。我们确定了39例具有可用临床和分子数据的患者。无色性MM患者的总生存期明显缩短(p = 0.003)。此外,NRAS或KRAS突变的存在与较差的总生存率显著相关(NRAS或KRAS p = 0.024)。目前,尚不清楚CM中缺乏色素沉着和RAS突变是否与MM存在相同的预后相关性。在这里,我们分析了MM队列的结果测量,并确定两个已知的CM预后生物标志物实际上是MM的新预后指标。
{"title":"Prognostic biomarkers for survival in mucosal melanoma","authors":"Julia C. Thierauf, Stefan T. Kaluziak, Elizabeth Codd, Stacy N. Dybel, Soma Jobbagy, Rashi Purohit, Alex A. Farahani, Aikaterini Dedeilia, Vivek Naranbhai, Mai P. Hoang, Adam S. Fisch, Lauren Ritterhouse, Genevieve M. Boland, Jochen K. Lennerz, A. John Iafrate","doi":"10.1111/pcmr.13104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pcmr.13104","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mucosal melanoma (MM) is a rare subtype of melanoma with an aggressive clinical course. In cutaneous melanoma (CM), the absence of pigmentation and presence of NRAS/KRAS mutations are biomarkers indicating an aggressive clinical course with shorter overall survival. Similar data for MM are missing. We present the real-world outcome data in a cohort of genotyped MM patients and assessed the prognostic relevance of pigmentation- and NRAS/KRAS mutation status. We correlated pathological reports and clinical data with overall survival of patients with MM. Furthermore, we performed clinically integrated molecular genotyping and analyzed real world treatment regimens for covariates associated with clinical outcome. We identified 39 patients with available clinical and molecular data. Patients with amelanotic MM had a significantly shorter overall survival (<i>p</i> = .003). In addition, the presence of a NRAS or KRAS mutation was significantly associated with poor overall survival (NRAS or KRAS <i>p</i> = .024). Currently, it is unknown if the same prognostic relevance for the lack of pigmentation and RAS mutations in CM, exists in MM. Here we analyzed a cohort of MM for outcome measures and determined that two known prognostic biomarkers for CM are in fact novel prognosticators for MM.</p>","PeriodicalId":219,"journal":{"name":"Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research","volume":"36 5","pages":"378-387"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/pcmr.13104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5785467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brandon M. Murphy, Daelin M. Jensen, Tiffany E. Arnold, Renan Aguilar-Valenzuela, Jase Hughes, Valentina Posada, Kimberly T. Nguyen, Vi T. Chu, Kenneth Y. Tsai, Craig J. Burd, Christin E. Burd
An increasing number of cancer subtypes are treated with front-line immunotherapy. However, approaches to overcome primary and acquired resistance remain limited. Preclinical mouse models are often used to investigate resistance mechanisms, novel drug combinations, and delivery methods; yet most of these models lack the genetic diversity and mutational patterns observed in human tumors. Here we describe a series of 13 C57BL/6J melanoma cell lines to address this gap in the field. The Ohio State University-Moffitt Melanoma Exposed to Radiation (OSUMMER) cell lines are derived from mice expressing endogenous, melanocyte-specific, and clinically relevant Nras driver mutations (Q61R, Q61K, or Q61L). Exposure of these animals to a single, non-burning dose of ultraviolet B accelerates the onset of spontaneous melanomas with mutational patterns akin to human disease. Furthermore, in vivo irradiation selects against potent tumor antigens, which could prevent the outgrowth of syngeneic cell transfers. Each OSUMMER cell line possesses distinct in vitro growth properties, trametinib sensitivity, mutational signatures, and predicted antigenicity. Analysis of OSUMMER allografts shows a correlation between strong, predicted antigenicity and poor tumor outgrowth. These data suggest that the OSUMMER lines will be a valuable tool for modeling the heterogeneous responses of human melanomas to targeted and immune-based therapies.
{"title":"The OSUMMER lines: A series of ultraviolet-accelerated NRAS-mutant mouse melanoma cell lines syngeneic to C57BL/6","authors":"Brandon M. Murphy, Daelin M. Jensen, Tiffany E. Arnold, Renan Aguilar-Valenzuela, Jase Hughes, Valentina Posada, Kimberly T. Nguyen, Vi T. Chu, Kenneth Y. Tsai, Craig J. Burd, Christin E. Burd","doi":"10.1111/pcmr.13107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pcmr.13107","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An increasing number of cancer subtypes are treated with front-line immunotherapy. However, approaches to overcome primary and acquired resistance remain limited. Preclinical mouse models are often used to investigate resistance mechanisms, novel drug combinations, and delivery methods; yet most of these models lack the genetic diversity and mutational patterns observed in human tumors. Here we describe a series of 13 C57BL/6J melanoma cell lines to address this gap in the field. The Ohio State University-Moffitt Melanoma Exposed to Radiation (OSUMMER) cell lines are derived from mice expressing endogenous, melanocyte-specific, and clinically relevant <i>Nras</i> driver mutations (Q61R, Q61K, or Q61L). Exposure of these animals to a single, non-burning dose of ultraviolet B accelerates the onset of spontaneous melanomas with mutational patterns akin to human disease. Furthermore, in vivo irradiation selects against potent tumor antigens, which could prevent the outgrowth of syngeneic cell transfers. Each OSUMMER cell line possesses distinct in vitro growth properties, trametinib sensitivity, mutational signatures, and predicted antigenicity. Analysis of OSUMMER allografts shows a correlation between strong, predicted antigenicity and poor tumor outgrowth. These data suggest that the OSUMMER lines will be a valuable tool for modeling the heterogeneous responses of human melanomas to targeted and immune-based therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":219,"journal":{"name":"Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research","volume":"36 5","pages":"365-377"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/pcmr.13107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5792195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the last decades, the concept of adipose organ has emerged, giving adipose tissue an active endocrine and immunologic function through the secretion of multiple cytokines and chemokines that seem to be implicated in the development and progression of several cancer, including cutaneous melanoma. In this pilot experimental study, we analyzed the expression in the peritumor subcutaneous adipose tissue of the most significant adipokines involved in the processes of carcinogenesis and metastasis in a population of melanoma patients and in two control groups composed of melanocytic nevi and epidermoid cysts, respectively. We correlated the results obtained with the main disease prognostic factors observing a statistically significant increase in the expression of PAI1, LEP, CXCL1, NAMPT, and TNF-α at the level of the peritumor tissue of the melanoma samples compared to the control groups and a correlation of the same with the histopathological prognostic factor of melanoma. Our preliminary study shows that the overexpression of PAI1, LEP, CXCL1, NAMPT, and TNF-α may contribute to the growth and to the local aggressiveness of cutaneous melanoma. It opens the hypothesis of a direct oncogenic role of subcutaneous adipose tissue and adipokines in the tumorigenesis of melanoma.
{"title":"Melanoma and subcutaneous adipose tissue: Role of peritumoral adipokines in disease characterization and prognosis","authors":"Elisa Molinelli, Gabriele Ceccarelli, Sonia Fantone, Eleonora Di?Mercurio, Daisy Gambini, Andrea Maurizi, Jessica Perugini, Giovanni Tossetta, Valerio Brisigotti, Edoardo De?Simoni, Claudia Sapigni, Giulio Rizzetto, Anna Campanati, Oriana Simonetti, Daniela Marzioni, Annamaria Offidani","doi":"10.1111/pcmr.13103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pcmr.13103","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the last decades, the concept of adipose organ has emerged, giving adipose tissue an active endocrine and immunologic function through the secretion of multiple cytokines and chemokines that seem to be implicated in the development and progression of several cancer, including cutaneous melanoma. In this pilot experimental study, we analyzed the expression in the peritumor subcutaneous adipose tissue of the most significant adipokines involved in the processes of carcinogenesis and metastasis in a population of melanoma patients and in two control groups composed of melanocytic nevi and epidermoid cysts, respectively. We correlated the results obtained with the main disease prognostic factors observing a statistically significant increase in the expression of PAI1, LEP, CXCL1, NAMPT, and TNF-α at the level of the peritumor tissue of the melanoma samples compared to the control groups and a correlation of the same with the histopathological prognostic factor of melanoma. Our preliminary study shows that the overexpression of PAI1, LEP, CXCL1, NAMPT, and TNF-α may contribute to the growth and to the local aggressiveness of cutaneous melanoma. It opens the hypothesis of a direct oncogenic role of subcutaneous adipose tissue and adipokines in the tumorigenesis of melanoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":219,"journal":{"name":"Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research","volume":"36 5","pages":"423-430"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5718223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Revisiting the role of varicella zoster virus in segmental vitiligo","authors":"Rhea Ahuja, Shivangi Garg, Somesh Gupta","doi":"10.1111/pcmr.13105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pcmr.13105","url":null,"abstract":"basic","PeriodicalId":219,"journal":{"name":"Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research","volume":"36 5","pages":"439-440"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5865088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}