Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.1142/s0218625x24500306
Rohit Agrawal, Arkadeb Mukhopadhyay
Conventional electroless Ni–B–Mo (ENB–Mo) deposits are formed using hazardous lead or thallium-containing solutions, which must be removed. In this study, ENB–Mo deposits were developed in a bath free of stabilizers and harmful heavy metals. This study estimates the effect of variation of coating bath temperature on tribological performance of ENB–Mo coating developed over AISI 1040 steel. The chosen bath temperatures were 85[Formula: see text]C, 90[Formula: see text]C, and 95[Formula: see text]C to achieve ENB–Mo coating with varying B and Mo content. The 12–15 [Formula: see text]m thick coating was uniform. In comparison to steel substrate, all of the coatings show enhanced corrosion resistance. In the as-deposited state, coatings were mixed amorphous and nanocrystalline with peak of Fe overlapping with Ni. Moreover, TGA results revealed that inclusion of molybdenum enhanced coatings thermal stability. The worn specimens at 300[Formula: see text]C reveal development of shielding tribo-oxide coatings and existence of microstructural changes. At high working temperatures (300[Formula: see text]C), wear debris also has a major impact on tribological mechanisms of coatings. Correlation between microstructure, tribological behavior, and corrosion resistance have also been conducted for ENB–Mo coatings.
{"title":"The effect of bath temperature on the structure and tribological behaviour of electroless Ni-B-Mo coatings obtained from stabilizer free bath","authors":"Rohit Agrawal, Arkadeb Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1142/s0218625x24500306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x24500306","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional electroless Ni–B–Mo (ENB–Mo) deposits are formed using hazardous lead or thallium-containing solutions, which must be removed. In this study, ENB–Mo deposits were developed in a bath free of stabilizers and harmful heavy metals. This study estimates the effect of variation of coating bath temperature on tribological performance of ENB–Mo coating developed over AISI 1040 steel. The chosen bath temperatures were 85[Formula: see text]C, 90[Formula: see text]C, and 95[Formula: see text]C to achieve ENB–Mo coating with varying B and Mo content. The 12–15 [Formula: see text]m thick coating was uniform. In comparison to steel substrate, all of the coatings show enhanced corrosion resistance. In the as-deposited state, coatings were mixed amorphous and nanocrystalline with peak of Fe overlapping with Ni. Moreover, TGA results revealed that inclusion of molybdenum enhanced coatings thermal stability. The worn specimens at 300[Formula: see text]C reveal development of shielding tribo-oxide coatings and existence of microstructural changes. At high working temperatures (300[Formula: see text]C), wear debris also has a major impact on tribological mechanisms of coatings. Correlation between microstructure, tribological behavior, and corrosion resistance have also been conducted for ENB–Mo coatings.","PeriodicalId":22011,"journal":{"name":"Surface Review and Letters","volume":"75 15","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135088349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.1142/s0218625x2450032x
N. Jeyaprakash, Che-Hua Yang, Sundara Subramanian Karuppasamy, N. Radhika
Inconel 718 (IN 718) belongs to the category of nickel-based superalloys with outstanding mechanical characteristics such as high strength, better corrosion resistance, greater hardness, fatigue and wear resistance. This alloy is mostly implemented in manufacturing the components of aeroengines, nuclear reactors, space shuttles, pressurized boilers and so on. In most cases, the parts made from this alloy work in severe aggressive environments. A prolonged exposure of this alloy in such environments will pave the way for corrosion phenomenon which will minimize the service life of the components. It is reported that the parts made via additive manufacturing will exhibit better mechanical characteristics than the casted and forged parts. This work is aimed to investigate the anti-corrosion characteristics of both as-cast and LPBF printed IN 718 samples at various time intervals in the seawater environment. By means of FESEM micrographs, the microstructural evolution in both as-cast and LPBF printed IN 718 samples was analyzed. The anti-corrosion characteristics of both samples were investigated in the environment containing 3.5 wt.% NaCl (seawater) in terms of EIS and potentiodynamic polarization curves along with the corroded morphology. The results showed that the LPBF printed IN 718 samples exhibit fine cellular and columnar grains decorated with the NbC precipitates along their boundaries, whereas the casted samples have larger and coarser grains with uneven segregation of NbC precipitates. From the Tafel and EIS (Nyquist and Bode) plots, the LPBF IN 718 sample showed greater corrosion resistance in terms of current density and polarization resistance values. In particular, the 15 h LPBF sample has a strong, compact passive film formed on it. This compact passive film paved the way for this sample to exhibit lower current density (3.03 × 10[Formula: see text]A/cm 2 ) and higher polarization resistance (3678 [Formula: see text] cm 2 ) when compared with the LPBF and cast samples at other intervals.
{"title":"Microstructural evolution and anti-corrosion characteristics of as-cast and LPBF printed Inconel plates in seawater environment","authors":"N. Jeyaprakash, Che-Hua Yang, Sundara Subramanian Karuppasamy, N. Radhika","doi":"10.1142/s0218625x2450032x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x2450032x","url":null,"abstract":"Inconel 718 (IN 718) belongs to the category of nickel-based superalloys with outstanding mechanical characteristics such as high strength, better corrosion resistance, greater hardness, fatigue and wear resistance. This alloy is mostly implemented in manufacturing the components of aeroengines, nuclear reactors, space shuttles, pressurized boilers and so on. In most cases, the parts made from this alloy work in severe aggressive environments. A prolonged exposure of this alloy in such environments will pave the way for corrosion phenomenon which will minimize the service life of the components. It is reported that the parts made via additive manufacturing will exhibit better mechanical characteristics than the casted and forged parts. This work is aimed to investigate the anti-corrosion characteristics of both as-cast and LPBF printed IN 718 samples at various time intervals in the seawater environment. By means of FESEM micrographs, the microstructural evolution in both as-cast and LPBF printed IN 718 samples was analyzed. The anti-corrosion characteristics of both samples were investigated in the environment containing 3.5 wt.% NaCl (seawater) in terms of EIS and potentiodynamic polarization curves along with the corroded morphology. The results showed that the LPBF printed IN 718 samples exhibit fine cellular and columnar grains decorated with the NbC precipitates along their boundaries, whereas the casted samples have larger and coarser grains with uneven segregation of NbC precipitates. From the Tafel and EIS (Nyquist and Bode) plots, the LPBF IN 718 sample showed greater corrosion resistance in terms of current density and polarization resistance values. In particular, the 15 h LPBF sample has a strong, compact passive film formed on it. This compact passive film paved the way for this sample to exhibit lower current density (3.03 × 10[Formula: see text]A/cm 2 ) and higher polarization resistance (3678 [Formula: see text] cm 2 ) when compared with the LPBF and cast samples at other intervals.","PeriodicalId":22011,"journal":{"name":"Surface Review and Letters","volume":" 20","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135293379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.1142/s0218625x24500240
Y. Gaci, A. Guittoum, M. Hemmous, D. Martinez-Blanco, P. Gorria, J. A. Blanco, T. Aouaroun
The effect of iron content on the structure, morphology and magnetic properties of (Ni[Formula: see text]Co[Formula: see text])[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text] powders synthesized by hydrothermal method has been studied. Several samples have been elaborated for different Fe content ([Formula: see text] = 0, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 13.5). The as- prepared samples have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM). From XRD spectra and for all Fe content, we have shown the presence of both face centered cubic (FCC) and Hexagonal (HCP) nanosized phases. The lattice parameter increases with increasing Fe content and the grains size varies with Fe content to reach a minimum value of 32 nm for (Co[Formula: see text]Ni[Formula: see text])[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text]. From hysteresis curves, we have extracted the saturation magnetization, Ms, and the coercivity, Hc. We noticed that Ms increases and then decreases as a function of Fe content. The values of Hc vary from 156 Oe to 186 Oe depending on the particles shape.
{"title":"Effect of Fe content on the structural and magnetic properties of ternary (Ni<sub>60</sub>Co<sub>40</sub>)<sub>100-x</sub>Fe<sub>x</sub> nanomaterials synthesized by hydrothermal route","authors":"Y. Gaci, A. Guittoum, M. Hemmous, D. Martinez-Blanco, P. Gorria, J. A. Blanco, T. Aouaroun","doi":"10.1142/s0218625x24500240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x24500240","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of iron content on the structure, morphology and magnetic properties of (Ni[Formula: see text]Co[Formula: see text])[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text] powders synthesized by hydrothermal method has been studied. Several samples have been elaborated for different Fe content ([Formula: see text] = 0, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 13.5). The as- prepared samples have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM). From XRD spectra and for all Fe content, we have shown the presence of both face centered cubic (FCC) and Hexagonal (HCP) nanosized phases. The lattice parameter increases with increasing Fe content and the grains size varies with Fe content to reach a minimum value of 32 nm for (Co[Formula: see text]Ni[Formula: see text])[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text]. From hysteresis curves, we have extracted the saturation magnetization, Ms, and the coercivity, Hc. We noticed that Ms increases and then decreases as a function of Fe content. The values of Hc vary from 156 Oe to 186 Oe depending on the particles shape.","PeriodicalId":22011,"journal":{"name":"Surface Review and Letters","volume":"33 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135584134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inclined hole arrays on superalloys have important applications in aeroengines. However, defects occur during fabrication of inclined holes using thermal drilling methods, i.e. electrical discharge drilling (EDD), including a recast layer and microcracks on the hole wall. Therefore, abrasive water flow polishing (AWFP) of a superalloy inclined hole array machined via EDD was investigated in this study. Two types of specimens were designed: a hole array of identical size and a hole array with an identical inclination angle. The fluid simulation revealed that the fluid velocity and pressure on the lower edge of the inclined hole were significantly higher than those on the upper edge when the fluid flowed forward. The fluid characteristics exhibited opposite trends when backward flow was implemented. Time-division bidirectional flow can effectively compensate for flow field nonuniformity and improve material removal consistency during polishing. The experimental results show that for inclined holes with identical inclination angles, the size expansion decreases with an increase in the hole diameter owing to the lower fluid velocity and material removal volume in the relatively larger holes. Consequently, surface roughness Ra increases with hole size. For inclined holes with identical diameters, the size expansions of the entrance and exit approach the same level; whereas, Ra decreased with an increase in the inclination angle. The hole taper slightly reduced in all cases. Using garnet abrasives with 1300 mesh size, 1.5 wt.% abrasive concentration, and 3 MPa fluid pressure, the surface roughness Ra of target holes was reduced from pre-polishing [Formula: see text] 5.0[Formula: see text]m to approximately post-polishing 1.0 [Formula: see text]m. The recast layer on the hole wall caused by EDD was completely removed.
{"title":"Fluid characteristics and polishing experiment of inclined hole array using abrasive water flow","authors":"Lijun Xiao, Yangyang Tang, Zhuang Liu, Changshui Gao, Chao Sheng","doi":"10.1142/s0218625x24500318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x24500318","url":null,"abstract":"Inclined hole arrays on superalloys have important applications in aeroengines. However, defects occur during fabrication of inclined holes using thermal drilling methods, i.e. electrical discharge drilling (EDD), including a recast layer and microcracks on the hole wall. Therefore, abrasive water flow polishing (AWFP) of a superalloy inclined hole array machined via EDD was investigated in this study. Two types of specimens were designed: a hole array of identical size and a hole array with an identical inclination angle. The fluid simulation revealed that the fluid velocity and pressure on the lower edge of the inclined hole were significantly higher than those on the upper edge when the fluid flowed forward. The fluid characteristics exhibited opposite trends when backward flow was implemented. Time-division bidirectional flow can effectively compensate for flow field nonuniformity and improve material removal consistency during polishing. The experimental results show that for inclined holes with identical inclination angles, the size expansion decreases with an increase in the hole diameter owing to the lower fluid velocity and material removal volume in the relatively larger holes. Consequently, surface roughness Ra increases with hole size. For inclined holes with identical diameters, the size expansions of the entrance and exit approach the same level; whereas, Ra decreased with an increase in the inclination angle. The hole taper slightly reduced in all cases. Using garnet abrasives with 1300 mesh size, 1.5 wt.% abrasive concentration, and 3 MPa fluid pressure, the surface roughness Ra of target holes was reduced from pre-polishing [Formula: see text] 5.0[Formula: see text]m to approximately post-polishing 1.0 [Formula: see text]m. The recast layer on the hole wall caused by EDD was completely removed.","PeriodicalId":22011,"journal":{"name":"Surface Review and Letters","volume":"20 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135585440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-03DOI: 10.1142/s0218625x24500513
Abdullah Ugur, Engin Nas, Hasan Gokkaya
{"title":"Investigation of Electro Erosion Machining Performance of Metal Matrix Composite Materials Produced Using Stir and Indirect Squeeze Method","authors":"Abdullah Ugur, Engin Nas, Hasan Gokkaya","doi":"10.1142/s0218625x24500513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x24500513","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22011,"journal":{"name":"Surface Review and Letters","volume":"87 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135868984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-03DOI: 10.1142/s0218625x24500525
A Arul Marcel Moshi, P Hariharasakthisudhan, S.R Sundara Bharathi, K Logesh
{"title":"ANN Modeling and Optimizing the Drilling Process Parameters for AA5052 – Glass Fiber Metal Laminate using Grey-Fuzzy Logic Approach","authors":"A Arul Marcel Moshi, P Hariharasakthisudhan, S.R Sundara Bharathi, K Logesh","doi":"10.1142/s0218625x24500525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x24500525","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22011,"journal":{"name":"Surface Review and Letters","volume":"8 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135868779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-27DOI: 10.1142/s0218625x24500239
G. Pramod Kumar, K. R. Balasubramanian, Muralimohan Cheepu, Ravi Kumar Kottala
This work addressed the effect of CMT-GMAW multi-control welding of Inconel 617 alloy with different wire feed rates (8.9, 9.4, and 9.9 m/min) on the microstructure, hardness, and electrochemical properties. The weld joints are composed of columnar dendritic structure with cellular crystals. Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) study showed equiaxed dendrite at the center of weld metal with growth direction perpendicular to the fusion boundary. The weldments showed diffraction peaks at 43.53[Formula: see text], 50.12[Formula: see text], and 74.82[Formula: see text], and these peaks mainly represent gamma ([Formula: see text]) and gamma prime ([Formula: see text]) phases along with the carbide peaks of Ti (C, N), M[Formula: see text]C 6 and M 6 C. The Base metal (BM) had a lower hardness (232 ± 10 HV[Formula: see text]) and lower corrosion rate (0.212 mpy) than the weld joints. The increase in wire feed rate (WFR) results in the decrease of microhardness (267 ± 5 − 251 ± 6 HV[Formula: see text]) and increase in corrosion rate (1.833-28.140 mpy). The base metal exhibited higher potential ([Formula: see text]) and lower current density ([Formula: see text]) than the weld joints. As wire feed rate (WFR) increases, heat input increases; solidification time increases, grain boundaries coarsen, resulting in a lower grain boundary (GB) density, and hence increased carbide precipitation and segregation in weld zone leading to higher stable anodic current density, which caused corrosion resistance to deteriorating. The BM was more corrosion resistant than the weld joints. The metallurgical and physical changes caused by the welding process affect the corrosion resistance of the weld joints. This leads to the weld metal corroding faster than the base metal.
{"title":"CHARACTERIZATION OF CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF INCONEL 617 WELDED JOINTS USING CMT-GMAW MULTI-CONTROL WELDING","authors":"G. Pramod Kumar, K. R. Balasubramanian, Muralimohan Cheepu, Ravi Kumar Kottala","doi":"10.1142/s0218625x24500239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x24500239","url":null,"abstract":"This work addressed the effect of CMT-GMAW multi-control welding of Inconel 617 alloy with different wire feed rates (8.9, 9.4, and 9.9 m/min) on the microstructure, hardness, and electrochemical properties. The weld joints are composed of columnar dendritic structure with cellular crystals. Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) study showed equiaxed dendrite at the center of weld metal with growth direction perpendicular to the fusion boundary. The weldments showed diffraction peaks at 43.53[Formula: see text], 50.12[Formula: see text], and 74.82[Formula: see text], and these peaks mainly represent gamma ([Formula: see text]) and gamma prime ([Formula: see text]) phases along with the carbide peaks of Ti (C, N), M[Formula: see text]C 6 and M 6 C. The Base metal (BM) had a lower hardness (232 ± 10 HV[Formula: see text]) and lower corrosion rate (0.212 mpy) than the weld joints. The increase in wire feed rate (WFR) results in the decrease of microhardness (267 ± 5 − 251 ± 6 HV[Formula: see text]) and increase in corrosion rate (1.833-28.140 mpy). The base metal exhibited higher potential ([Formula: see text]) and lower current density ([Formula: see text]) than the weld joints. As wire feed rate (WFR) increases, heat input increases; solidification time increases, grain boundaries coarsen, resulting in a lower grain boundary (GB) density, and hence increased carbide precipitation and segregation in weld zone leading to higher stable anodic current density, which caused corrosion resistance to deteriorating. The BM was more corrosion resistant than the weld joints. The metallurgical and physical changes caused by the welding process affect the corrosion resistance of the weld joints. This leads to the weld metal corroding faster than the base metal.","PeriodicalId":22011,"journal":{"name":"Surface Review and Letters","volume":"2020 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136233158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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