Pub Date : 2011-10-27DOI: 10.1109/ITST.2011.6060149
Wen-Jeng Lin, Jung-Shan Lin, Yu-ting Sun
For inter-vehicle communications, the IEEE 802.11p standard has been employed in the U.S. and Europe. This configuration is an OFDM-based system, so it still has to cope with the issue of frequency synchronization. In this paper, a pilot-aided estimation technique is developed for the compensation of frequency offset in the IEEE 802.11p environments. The proposed synchronization algorithm utilizes the correlation between two identical halves of a training sequence after the appropriate usage of coarse compensation. As a result, the proposed estimation method indeed has the potentials to further enhance the mean square error (MSE) performance compared with the other conventional schemes. Some simulation results are given to illustrate the advantages of the proposed frequency offset estimation technique.
{"title":"Improved frequency offset estimation technique in IEEE 802.11p environments","authors":"Wen-Jeng Lin, Jung-Shan Lin, Yu-ting Sun","doi":"10.1109/ITST.2011.6060149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITST.2011.6060149","url":null,"abstract":"For inter-vehicle communications, the IEEE 802.11p standard has been employed in the U.S. and Europe. This configuration is an OFDM-based system, so it still has to cope with the issue of frequency synchronization. In this paper, a pilot-aided estimation technique is developed for the compensation of frequency offset in the IEEE 802.11p environments. The proposed synchronization algorithm utilizes the correlation between two identical halves of a training sequence after the appropriate usage of coarse compensation. As a result, the proposed estimation method indeed has the potentials to further enhance the mean square error (MSE) performance compared with the other conventional schemes. Some simulation results are given to illustrate the advantages of the proposed frequency offset estimation technique.","PeriodicalId":220290,"journal":{"name":"2011 11th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121029909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-27DOI: 10.1109/ITST.2011.6060037
Natalya An, Tristan Gaugel, H. Hartenstein
In Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks vehicles periodically send beacon messages in order to gain mutual awareness of each others' presence. Successful reception of such beacons depends on various network conditions, e.g., transmission rate and power, as well as radio fading. Vehicular applications rely on such mutual awareness to supply the driver with safety and efficiency notifications. The Probability of Packet Reception (PPR) is the most common metric that is used to describe network performance, nevertheless, it is reflecting neither the acquired awareness nor application performance. Awareness, resides between network and application layers and can enable application layer to understand the network metrics and thus facilitate an evaluation of application performance. In this paper, we provide a methodology framework to evaluate application performance utilizing awareness. For this we first analyze the relationship between PPR and awareness and investigate feasible regions of network parameters and corresponding awareness ranges. Then we perform an evaluation of various awareness ranges on traffic safety metrics for the specific safety use case of a Stationary Vehicle Warning. We consider realistic driver behavior parameters and evaluate when awareness implies safety. As a second use case, Lane Change Warning application example is used to identify the required communication parameters that have to be met for a proper application performance.
{"title":"VANET: Is 95% probability of packet reception safe?","authors":"Natalya An, Tristan Gaugel, H. Hartenstein","doi":"10.1109/ITST.2011.6060037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITST.2011.6060037","url":null,"abstract":"In Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks vehicles periodically send beacon messages in order to gain mutual awareness of each others' presence. Successful reception of such beacons depends on various network conditions, e.g., transmission rate and power, as well as radio fading. Vehicular applications rely on such mutual awareness to supply the driver with safety and efficiency notifications. The Probability of Packet Reception (PPR) is the most common metric that is used to describe network performance, nevertheless, it is reflecting neither the acquired awareness nor application performance. Awareness, resides between network and application layers and can enable application layer to understand the network metrics and thus facilitate an evaluation of application performance. In this paper, we provide a methodology framework to evaluate application performance utilizing awareness. For this we first analyze the relationship between PPR and awareness and investigate feasible regions of network parameters and corresponding awareness ranges. Then we perform an evaluation of various awareness ranges on traffic safety metrics for the specific safety use case of a Stationary Vehicle Warning. We consider realistic driver behavior parameters and evaluate when awareness implies safety. As a second use case, Lane Change Warning application example is used to identify the required communication parameters that have to be met for a proper application performance.","PeriodicalId":220290,"journal":{"name":"2011 11th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121804448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-27DOI: 10.1109/ITST.2011.6060137
Chih-Hsiang Lin, P. Tsai
In this paper, we propose a reduced-complexity multi-user MIMO precoding scheme based on sorted-QR decomposition suitable for green applications. In addition, a new power allocation strategy is proposed that approaches optimized BER with low arithmetic complexity. The proposed block-based power allocation strategy allocates adequate power to the deeply-faded spatial pipe, which improves bit-error-rate performance. It also partitions the remaining pipes into several blocks with elements of similar magnitude to reduce complexity by exploiting the matrix property after sorted QR decomposition. Finally, the Tomlinson-Harashima precoding is used to get rid of multiple access interference and inter-antenna interference in advance at transmitters. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme is competitive to block-based geometric mean decomposition systems with much reduced arithmetic complexity. Moreover, the proposed scheme shows its superiority when more users are supported in 12×12 antenna configuration, which can be established in fixed and moderate-size transmitters such as the road side unit in intelligent transportation systems.
{"title":"A reduced-complexity multi-user MIMO precoding scheme with sorted-QR decomposition and block-based power allocation","authors":"Chih-Hsiang Lin, P. Tsai","doi":"10.1109/ITST.2011.6060137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITST.2011.6060137","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a reduced-complexity multi-user MIMO precoding scheme based on sorted-QR decomposition suitable for green applications. In addition, a new power allocation strategy is proposed that approaches optimized BER with low arithmetic complexity. The proposed block-based power allocation strategy allocates adequate power to the deeply-faded spatial pipe, which improves bit-error-rate performance. It also partitions the remaining pipes into several blocks with elements of similar magnitude to reduce complexity by exploiting the matrix property after sorted QR decomposition. Finally, the Tomlinson-Harashima precoding is used to get rid of multiple access interference and inter-antenna interference in advance at transmitters. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme is competitive to block-based geometric mean decomposition systems with much reduced arithmetic complexity. Moreover, the proposed scheme shows its superiority when more users are supported in 12×12 antenna configuration, which can be established in fixed and moderate-size transmitters such as the road side unit in intelligent transportation systems.","PeriodicalId":220290,"journal":{"name":"2011 11th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123871250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-27DOI: 10.1109/ITST.2011.6060039
C. Campolo, H. A. Cozzetti, A. Molinaro, R. Scopigno
Vehicular Ad-Hoc NETworks (VANETs) are expected to deliver a wide range of services, spanning from safety alerting to drive assistance and entertainment: however, most of the literature focuses on safety services and fewer papers analyze non-safety ones and the multi-channel operations envisioned by the IEEE 802.11p/WAVE standards. The purpose of this paper1 is to fill this gap and to gain a deeper insight into possible issues related to service access and provisioning in VANETs. Moreover, with the specific aim of covering new aspects of this topic, the paper sets its analysis in a scenario where connectivity services are offered to vehicles by fixed and/or moving WAVE providers and wireless propagation is hindered by a realistic urban setting. The two aspects together pose a novel interesting problem and help identify potential issues and draw new solutions.
{"title":"Roadside and moving WAVE providers: Effectiveness and potential of hybrid solutions in urban scenarios","authors":"C. Campolo, H. A. Cozzetti, A. Molinaro, R. Scopigno","doi":"10.1109/ITST.2011.6060039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITST.2011.6060039","url":null,"abstract":"Vehicular Ad-Hoc NETworks (VANETs) are expected to deliver a wide range of services, spanning from safety alerting to drive assistance and entertainment: however, most of the literature focuses on safety services and fewer papers analyze non-safety ones and the multi-channel operations envisioned by the IEEE 802.11p/WAVE standards. The purpose of this paper1 is to fill this gap and to gain a deeper insight into possible issues related to service access and provisioning in VANETs. Moreover, with the specific aim of covering new aspects of this topic, the paper sets its analysis in a scenario where connectivity services are offered to vehicles by fixed and/or moving WAVE providers and wireless propagation is hindered by a realistic urban setting. The two aspects together pose a novel interesting problem and help identify potential issues and draw new solutions.","PeriodicalId":220290,"journal":{"name":"2011 11th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130157720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-27DOI: 10.1109/ITST.2011.6060069
Peyret François, Bétaille David, Mougel Florian
In the context of mobile robot applications for public transportation in cities, there are many challenging issues, one of these being the ability to guarantee a continuous positioning with an acceptable and controlled level of uncertainty under poor conditions of satellites visibility. In the meanwhile, the local environment is more and more accurately described with the very last geographical data bases. The idea that has been studied and implemented at IFSTTAR consists in detecting and eliminating among current GPS raw data the possible Non-Line-Of-Sight satellite measurements, using the knowledge of the 3D environment around the vehicle. The paper describes the principle of the method, its validation and the promising results that have been obtained on the resulting PVT solution. Next step will be the final real-time demonstration of the French National project CityVIP next summer in Paris.
{"title":"Non-Line-Of-Sight GNSS signal detection using an on-board 3D model of buildings","authors":"Peyret François, Bétaille David, Mougel Florian","doi":"10.1109/ITST.2011.6060069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITST.2011.6060069","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of mobile robot applications for public transportation in cities, there are many challenging issues, one of these being the ability to guarantee a continuous positioning with an acceptable and controlled level of uncertainty under poor conditions of satellites visibility. In the meanwhile, the local environment is more and more accurately described with the very last geographical data bases. The idea that has been studied and implemented at IFSTTAR consists in detecting and eliminating among current GPS raw data the possible Non-Line-Of-Sight satellite measurements, using the knowledge of the 3D environment around the vehicle. The paper describes the principle of the method, its validation and the promising results that have been obtained on the resulting PVT solution. Next step will be the final real-time demonstration of the French National project CityVIP next summer in Paris.","PeriodicalId":220290,"journal":{"name":"2011 11th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122711815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-27DOI: 10.1109/ITST.2011.6060053
V. Manolopoulos, Panos Papadimitratos, S. Tao, A. Rusu
GPS-equipped smartphones present several advantages for data acquisition in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), compared to solutions that require a new communication infrastructure. However, there are still significant challenges to meet before deployment. Traffic information and location samples must be collected in a secure manner, to not jeopardize the system operation. Equally important, users must be assured about their privacy, notably the protection of information on their whereabouts. To address this two-fold problem, we propose extending the Generic Bootstrapping Architecture (GBA) with anonymous authentication. Identity and location information are protected and separated, and location samples cannot be linked to each other and to any specific user. Thus, our scheme protects users even in the case of a compromised ITS server. Initial evaluation results indicate the feasibility of our approach with off-the-self mobile platforms.
{"title":"Securing smartphone based ITS","authors":"V. Manolopoulos, Panos Papadimitratos, S. Tao, A. Rusu","doi":"10.1109/ITST.2011.6060053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITST.2011.6060053","url":null,"abstract":"GPS-equipped smartphones present several advantages for data acquisition in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), compared to solutions that require a new communication infrastructure. However, there are still significant challenges to meet before deployment. Traffic information and location samples must be collected in a secure manner, to not jeopardize the system operation. Equally important, users must be assured about their privacy, notably the protection of information on their whereabouts. To address this two-fold problem, we propose extending the Generic Bootstrapping Architecture (GBA) with anonymous authentication. Identity and location information are protected and separated, and location samples cannot be linked to each other and to any specific user. Thus, our scheme protects users even in the case of a compromised ITS server. Initial evaluation results indicate the feasibility of our approach with off-the-self mobile platforms.","PeriodicalId":220290,"journal":{"name":"2011 11th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131336659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-27DOI: 10.1109/ITST.2011.6060050
Eriko Ando, Yuki Horita, K. Miyazaki
Services such as sending a pre-crash sensing warning and traffic condition warning are expected to be provided in car-to-car/infrastructure (C2X) communication systems. Maintaining message integrity is essential for these services because wrong messages may cause collision accidents and congestion. A message authentication code (MAC) generated by using a symmetric key is used to authenticate a message. The sender and receiver of a message must possess the same symmetric key before initiating communications. In the mentioned warning services, the sender of a message cannot know who receives the message, because the message is broadcast. Moreover, it is difficult for a road-side unit (RSU) to distribute a key to an onboard unit (OBU) because an OBU cannot always communicate with a RSU. Therefore, key distribution is a problem in C2X communication systems. We thus propose a protocol for key distribution. In the protocol, all OBUs and RSUs that exist in a certain area possess the same key. An OBU obtains the keys for the area in which the OBU is present and for the area to which the OBU will go next. The protocol enables a vehicle to verify message integrity by using a symmetric key in C2X communication systems.
{"title":"Symmetric key distribution for car-to-car/infrastructure communication systems","authors":"Eriko Ando, Yuki Horita, K. Miyazaki","doi":"10.1109/ITST.2011.6060050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITST.2011.6060050","url":null,"abstract":"Services such as sending a pre-crash sensing warning and traffic condition warning are expected to be provided in car-to-car/infrastructure (C2X) communication systems. Maintaining message integrity is essential for these services because wrong messages may cause collision accidents and congestion. A message authentication code (MAC) generated by using a symmetric key is used to authenticate a message. The sender and receiver of a message must possess the same symmetric key before initiating communications. In the mentioned warning services, the sender of a message cannot know who receives the message, because the message is broadcast. Moreover, it is difficult for a road-side unit (RSU) to distribute a key to an onboard unit (OBU) because an OBU cannot always communicate with a RSU. Therefore, key distribution is a problem in C2X communication systems. We thus propose a protocol for key distribution. In the protocol, all OBUs and RSUs that exist in a certain area possess the same key. An OBU obtains the keys for the area in which the OBU is present and for the area to which the OBU will go next. The protocol enables a vehicle to verify message integrity by using a symmetric key in C2X communication systems.","PeriodicalId":220290,"journal":{"name":"2011 11th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134234407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-27DOI: 10.1109/ITST.2011.6060146
Chin-Yi Chang, Yu-ting Sun, Meng-Lin Ku
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a very promising technique for high data rate transmission in multipath channels. In general, the achievable data rate of an OFDM system is confined by the available bandwidth, which strongly depends on the spectrum policy. Carrier aggregation is an attractive and flexible bandwidth extension technique which allows for upgrading data rates by aggregating several contiguous or non-contiguous carriers. Different from the conventional OFDM systems, multiple carrier frequency offsets (CFOs) have to be taken into account in carrier-aggregated OFDM (CA-OFDM) systems. In this paper, a set of preambles is constructed as pilots for component carriers. Based on the received preambles, we investigate novel multiple CFOs estimation methods using MUSIC or root-MUSIC algorithms to find multiple CFOs. Two CFOs mapping methods are then proposed to map the estimated CFOs to the corresponding component carriers. Simulation results show the proposed method can get good performance, in terms of the detection error rate and mean square error (MSE) in multipath time-varying channels.
{"title":"MUSIC-based multiple CFOs estimation methods for CA-OFDM systems","authors":"Chin-Yi Chang, Yu-ting Sun, Meng-Lin Ku","doi":"10.1109/ITST.2011.6060146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITST.2011.6060146","url":null,"abstract":"Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a very promising technique for high data rate transmission in multipath channels. In general, the achievable data rate of an OFDM system is confined by the available bandwidth, which strongly depends on the spectrum policy. Carrier aggregation is an attractive and flexible bandwidth extension technique which allows for upgrading data rates by aggregating several contiguous or non-contiguous carriers. Different from the conventional OFDM systems, multiple carrier frequency offsets (CFOs) have to be taken into account in carrier-aggregated OFDM (CA-OFDM) systems. In this paper, a set of preambles is constructed as pilots for component carriers. Based on the received preambles, we investigate novel multiple CFOs estimation methods using MUSIC or root-MUSIC algorithms to find multiple CFOs. Two CFOs mapping methods are then proposed to map the estimated CFOs to the corresponding component carriers. Simulation results show the proposed method can get good performance, in terms of the detection error rate and mean square error (MSE) in multipath time-varying channels.","PeriodicalId":220290,"journal":{"name":"2011 11th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133084119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-27DOI: 10.1109/ITST.2011.6060089
Mildred M. Caballeros Morales, Rim Haw, Jun Lee, C. Hong
The Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) takes the advantage of the relative mobility of the vehicles to opportunistically share dynamic information when they meet, aiming to avoid accidents and traffic jams, get local information of the nearby places, enjoy entertainment applications among others. However, the shared information must be handled properly, saving bandwidth and tackling the unnecessary duplication of data, preventing the scalability problem and congestion. The current solutions of these problems incorporate the concept of Relevance to share the information in a clever way but they do not exploit the advantage of knowing the destination of the vehicles and context-aware services to follow behavior patterns. Therefore, we propose an efficient destination-based data management policy, which follows the vehicular behavior and context to determine the relevance or importance of the information using a publisher/subscriber model and cluster-based dissemination. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposal we implemented sets of simulation in which the results reported an outstanding performance in terms of congestion and delivery ratio.
车辆自组织网络(Vehicular Ad hoc Network, VANET)利用车辆的相对移动性，在相遇时机会主义地共享动态信息，旨在避免事故和交通堵塞，获取附近地方的本地信息，享受娱乐应用等。但是，必须对共享信息进行适当的处理，节省带宽，解决不必要的数据重复，防止可扩展性问题和拥塞问题。这些问题的当前解决方案包含了相关性的概念，以一种巧妙的方式共享信息，但它们没有利用了解车辆目的地和上下文感知服务的优势来遵循行为模式。因此，我们提出了一种高效的基于目的地的数据管理策略，该策略遵循车辆行为和上下文，使用发布者/订阅者模型和基于集群的传播来确定信息的相关性或重要性。为了证明该建议的可行性，我们实施了一组仿真，其中结果报告了在拥塞和交付率方面的出色性能。
{"title":"An efficient destination-based data management policy for vehicular networks","authors":"Mildred M. Caballeros Morales, Rim Haw, Jun Lee, C. Hong","doi":"10.1109/ITST.2011.6060089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITST.2011.6060089","url":null,"abstract":"The Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) takes the advantage of the relative mobility of the vehicles to opportunistically share dynamic information when they meet, aiming to avoid accidents and traffic jams, get local information of the nearby places, enjoy entertainment applications among others. However, the shared information must be handled properly, saving bandwidth and tackling the unnecessary duplication of data, preventing the scalability problem and congestion. The current solutions of these problems incorporate the concept of Relevance to share the information in a clever way but they do not exploit the advantage of knowing the destination of the vehicles and context-aware services to follow behavior patterns. Therefore, we propose an efficient destination-based data management policy, which follows the vehicular behavior and context to determine the relevance or importance of the information using a publisher/subscriber model and cluster-based dissemination. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposal we implemented sets of simulation in which the results reported an outstanding performance in terms of congestion and delivery ratio.","PeriodicalId":220290,"journal":{"name":"2011 11th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114558231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-27DOI: 10.1109/ITST.2011.6060078
Melanie Ganzhorn, J. F. Diederichs, H. Widlroither
Due to their different risk assessment, e.g. running for a ball or pushing each other to the road, children are one of the highly endangered vulnerable road users. Most accidents occur on the way to school and close to the school bus stops. To protect children early information for car drivers may be helpful to slow down traffic before reaching a critical area such as a school bus stop. To enhance the acceptance among car drivers the information should be displayed as soon as possible, for example once children are present at the bus stop. Information about children as a new message in automotive Human-Machine-Interfaces (HMI) should be based on existing display and information concepts like integrated icons in dashboards or highlighted points of interests on the navigation map. Using an iterative design process with different design loops and evaluations a user-centered HMI is developed. This paper describes the development of a highly usable and accepted automotive HMI displaying road signs to protect children at school bus stops.
{"title":"Enhancing the reproduction of road signs in automotive HMIs to protect children","authors":"Melanie Ganzhorn, J. F. Diederichs, H. Widlroither","doi":"10.1109/ITST.2011.6060078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITST.2011.6060078","url":null,"abstract":"Due to their different risk assessment, e.g. running for a ball or pushing each other to the road, children are one of the highly endangered vulnerable road users. Most accidents occur on the way to school and close to the school bus stops. To protect children early information for car drivers may be helpful to slow down traffic before reaching a critical area such as a school bus stop. To enhance the acceptance among car drivers the information should be displayed as soon as possible, for example once children are present at the bus stop. Information about children as a new message in automotive Human-Machine-Interfaces (HMI) should be based on existing display and information concepts like integrated icons in dashboards or highlighted points of interests on the navigation map. Using an iterative design process with different design loops and evaluations a user-centered HMI is developed. This paper describes the development of a highly usable and accepted automotive HMI displaying road signs to protect children at school bus stops.","PeriodicalId":220290,"journal":{"name":"2011 11th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124746595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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