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Harmful Alcohol Use Among Patients with Tuberculosis in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. 埃塞俄比亚南部Gedeo地区结核病患者有害酒精使用情况
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/SAR.S384921
Kalkidan Yohannes, Getinet Ayano, Kusse Koirita Toitole, Henok Mulatu Teferi, Hirbaye Mokona

Introduction: Alcohol consumption among patients with tuberculosis is on the rise. There is evidence that alcohol consumption negatively affects treatment outcomes for these populations. Due to this, a substantial number of people relapse, withdraw from treatment, or even die as a result of their alcohol addiction. Despite this, little research has been conducted on the factors associated with the harmful use of alcohol by this group of people in Ethiopia. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of harmful alcohol use among patients with tuberculosis in the Gedeo Zone, southern Ethiopia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at healthcare facilities. Four hundred and fifteen participants aged 18 and older were recruited using a systematic random sampling method. Data on sociodemographic factors, clinical factors, social support, perceptions of the stigma associated with tuberculosis, and depression were collected using structured and validated instruments. Measurement of harmful alcohol consumption was conducted using the AUDIT.

Results:  The prevalence of harmful alcohol use among tuberculosis patients was 20% (95% CI; 16.1-24.2%). There is a significant correlation between medical comorbidity (AOR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.29-4.62), disease duration (≥12 months) (AOR = 2.88, 95% CI: 1.03-3.04), and being male (AOR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.17-3.77) with harmful alcohol consumption.

Conclusion: Our study revealed that alcohol consumption was high among tuberculosis patients. The presence of comorbidities, being male, and having a long-term illness were significant predictors of harmful alcohol consumption. It is imperative to screen patients who have suffered from chronic tuberculosis for an extended period of time. It is also pertinent to screen patients with comorbid medical conditions for alcohol abuse. Screening for alcohol abuse at an early stage can prevent poor treatment outcomes as well as the effects of comorbid medical conditions and harmful use of alcohol.

前言:结核病患者的饮酒量呈上升趋势。有证据表明,饮酒对这些人群的治疗结果有负面影响。因此,相当数量的人复发,退出治疗,甚至死于他们的酒精成瘾。尽管如此,很少对埃塞俄比亚这一群体有害使用酒精的相关因素进行研究。本研究的目的是确定埃塞俄比亚南部Gedeo区结核病患者有害酒精使用的患病率及其相关因素。方法:在医疗机构进行横断面研究。采用系统随机抽样方法招募了415名18岁及以上的参与者。使用结构化和经过验证的工具收集有关社会人口因素、临床因素、社会支持、与结核病相关的耻辱感和抑郁症的数据。使用审计对有害酒精消费进行了测量。结果:结核病患者有害酒精使用的患病率为20% (95% CI;16.1 - -24.2%)。医学共病(AOR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.29-4.62)、病程(≥12个月)(AOR = 2.88, 95% CI: 1.03-3.04)和男性(AOR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.17-3.77)与有害饮酒有显著相关。结论:我们的研究表明,结核病患者的饮酒量很高。存在合并症、男性和长期患病是有害酒精消费的重要预测因素。对长期患有慢性结核病的患者进行筛查是非常必要的。这也与筛查有酒精滥用合并症的患者有关。在早期阶段对酒精滥用进行筛查可以预防不良治疗结果以及合并症和有害使用酒精的影响。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of the Pharmacist in Combating the Opioid Crisis: An Update. 药剂师在对抗阿片类药物危机中的作用:更新。
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/SAR.S351096
Lucas Kosobuski, Carolyn O'Donnell, Cynthia P Koh-Knox Sharp, Nathaniel Chen, Laura Palombi

Introduction: The opioid overdose crisis has claimed hundreds of thousands of lives in the United States in the last decade, with overdose numbers continuing to climb. At the same time, the role of the pharmacist in combating the opioid crisis continues to evolve.

Methods: A literature search was conducted in Ovid MEDLINE that incorporated both MeSH terms and keywords to describe two concepts: the opioid epidemic and pharmacists/pharmacies. The search was limited to articles published after 2010 through the end of 2021 and returned 196 articles that were analyzed thematically.

Results: Thematic analysis revealed the following themes: prevention, interventions, public health role of the pharmacist, pharmacists in multiple roles, barriers, pharmacist and healthcare provider attitudes, educational initiatives for pharmacists and student pharmacists, and future research.

Discussion: While a great deal of progress has been made in the role of the pharmacist in supporting individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) in the last two decades, pharmacists must seek to invest time and resources into practices with a strong evidence base to better mitigate the growing, devastating impact of the opioid crisis. Pharmacists must be willing to embrace new and non-traditional roles in patient care, service and research, and seek to advance evidence-based knowledge and practice.

Conclusion: Pharmacy practice has expanded greatly in the past decade with pharmacists taking on new and creative approaches to addressing the opioid crisis. Collaborative and interdisciplinary approaches to addressing the root causes of opioid misuse and opioid overdose are still desperately needed. These include attention to the critical roles of social determinants of health, stigma elimination, legislative advocacy for patients with OUD, and focused education for providers, pharmacists, and the community. Recognition and support of the value of collaboration to both improve public health and individual patient care, continued investments in pharmacy practice advancement in OUD treatment and harm reduction, and the creation of workflows and prescribing algorithms to assist in dosing medications to prevent withdrawal symptoms and achieve improved pain control are desperately needed.

导读:在过去的十年里,阿片类药物过量危机已经夺去了美国数十万人的生命,而且过量服用的人数还在继续攀升。与此同时,药剂师在对抗阿片类药物危机中的作用也在不断发展。方法:在Ovid MEDLINE中检索文献,纳入MeSH术语和关键词,描述阿片类药物流行和药剂师/药房两个概念。搜索仅限于2010年至2021年底发表的文章,并返回了196篇进行主题分析的文章。结果:专题分析揭示了以下主题:预防、干预措施、药剂师的公共卫生角色、药剂师多重角色、障碍、药剂师和卫生保健提供者的态度、药剂师和学生药剂师的教育举措以及未来的研究方向。讨论:虽然在过去二十年中,药剂师在支持阿片类药物使用障碍(OUD)患者方面的作用取得了很大进展,但药剂师必须寻求将时间和资源投入到具有强大证据基础的实践中,以更好地减轻阿片类药物危机日益严重的破坏性影响。药剂师必须愿意在病人护理,服务和研究中接受新的和非传统的角色,并寻求推进循证知识和实践。结论:在过去的十年中,药学实践已经大大扩大,药剂师采取了新的和创造性的方法来解决阿片类药物危机。仍然迫切需要采取合作和跨学科的方法来解决阿片类药物滥用和阿片类药物过量的根本原因。这些措施包括关注健康的社会决定因素的关键作用,消除耻辱感,对OUD患者进行立法宣传,以及对提供者、药剂师和社区进行重点教育。迫切需要承认和支持合作的价值,以改善公共卫生和个人病人护理,继续投资于药房实践,改进OUD治疗和减少伤害,以及创建工作流程和处方算法,以协助给药,防止戒断症状和改善疼痛控制。
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引用次数: 1
Substance Use in Pregnancy: Identifying Stigma and Improving Care. 妊娠期物质使用:识别污名并改善护理。
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2021-11-23 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/SAR.S319180
Andrea Weber, Benjamin Miskle, Alison Lynch, Stephan Arndt, Laura Acion

This review examines the impact of stigma on pregnant people who use substances. Stigma towards people who use drugs is pervasive and negatively impacts the care of substance-using people by characterizing addiction as a weakness and fostering beliefs that undermine the personal resources needed to access treatment and recover from addiction, including self-efficacy, help seeking and belief that they deserve care. Stigma acts on multiple levels by blaming people for having a problem and then making it difficult for them to get help, but in spite of this, most pregnant people who use substances reduce or stop using when they learn they are pregnant. Language, beliefs about gender roles, and attitudes regarding fitness for parenting are social factors that can express and perpetuate stigma while facilitating punitive rather than therapeutic approaches. Because of stigmatizing attitudes that a person who uses substances is unfit to parent, pregnant people who use substances are at heightened risk of being screened for substance use, referred to child welfare services, and having their parental rights taken away; these outcomes are even more likely for people of color. Various treatment options can successfully support recovery in substance-using pregnant populations, but treatment is underutilized in all populations including pregnant people, and more knowledge is needed on how to sustain engagement in treatment and recovery activities. To combat stigma when working with substance-using pregnant people throughout the peripartum period, caregivers should utilize a trauma-informed approach that incorporates harm reduction and motivational interviewing with a focus on building trust, enhancing self-efficacy, and strengthening the personal skills and resources needed to optimize health of the parent-baby dyad.

这篇综述探讨了污名对使用药物的孕妇的影响。对吸毒者的污名化是普遍存在的,并通过将成瘾定性为一种弱点,培养破坏获得治疗和戒除成瘾所需的个人资源的信念,包括自我效能感、寻求帮助和他们应该得到治疗的信念,对药物使用者的护理产生负面影响。耻辱感在多个层面上起作用,指责人们有问题,然后使他们难以获得帮助,但尽管如此,大多数使用药物的孕妇在得知自己怀孕后减少或停止使用药物。语言、关于性别角色的信念以及关于是否适合养育子女的态度是表达和延续耻辱的社会因素,同时促进惩罚而不是治疗方法。由于使用药物的人不适合为人父母的污名化态度,使用药物的孕妇更有可能被筛查是否使用药物,转到儿童福利服务机构,并被剥夺父母的权利;有色人种更有可能出现这些结果。各种治疗方案可以成功地支持吸毒孕妇人群的康复,但包括孕妇在内的所有人群的治疗都没有得到充分利用,需要更多的知识来了解如何持续参与治疗和康复活动。在整个围产期与使用药物的孕妇一起工作时,为了消除耻辱感,护理人员应该利用创伤知情的方法,将减少伤害和动机性访谈结合起来,重点是建立信任,增强自我效能,加强个人技能和资源,以优化父母-婴儿的健康。
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引用次数: 30
Problems in Social Medicine Related to Alcohol and Deaths: Autopsy Cases in the Southern Part of Osaka City. 与酒精和死亡有关的社会医学问题:大阪市南部的尸检案例。
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2021-10-27 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/SAR.S326020
Naoto Tani, Tomoya Ikeda, Tatsuya Hirokawa, Yayoi Aoki, Alissa Shida, Kei Ikeda, Fumiya Morioka, Takaki Ishikawa

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the social and medical background of alcohol dependence and to prevent the abuse of alcohol.

Methods: Alcohol and deaths were retrospectively investigated based on the forensic postmortem data of 1694 decedents ≥20 years of age in 2008-2017. Of these, the 999 cases that could be tested for alcohol within 48 h of death were examined.

Results: The alcohol-positive and alcohol-negative groups included 179 (17.9%) and 820 (82.1%) cases, respectively. In terms of medical issues, compared with the alcohol-negative group, men in the positive group were mostly in their 40s to 60s, whereas women's age peaked in the 70s. The causes of death included many blunt injuries in men, though there was no difference in women. Underlying diseases were more frequent in men than women, with many of them having heart or liver disease, and the percentage of cases with mental disorders was 16.8% in the alcohol-positive group. In 15 cases of the alcohol-positive group, phenothiazine and barbituric acids were detected in 53.3% and 46.7% of cases, respectively. The incidence of traffic accidents and homicides was higher in the alcohol-positive group than in the alcohol-negative group.

Conclusion: Measures to address social issues based on risk factors for alcohol and deaths are required.

目的:本研究的目的是探讨酒精依赖的社会和医学背景,并预防酒精滥用。方法:基于2008-2017年1694例年龄≥20岁的死者法医尸检资料,回顾性调查酒精与死亡的关系。其中,对死亡后48小时内可进行酒精检测的999例进行了检查。结果:酒精阳性组179例(17.9%),酒精阴性组820例(82.1%)。在医疗问题方面,与酒精阴性组相比,阳性组的男性大多在40至60岁之间,而女性的年龄在70多岁时达到顶峰。男性的死亡原因包括许多钝器伤害,但女性没有差异。潜在疾病在男性中比女性更常见,其中许多人患有心脏或肝脏疾病,酒精阳性组中患有精神障碍的病例比例为16.8%。在15例酒精阳性组中,检出吩噻嗪和巴比妥酸的分别占53.3%和46.7%。酒精阳性组的交通事故和杀人案发生率高于酒精阴性组。结论:需要采取措施解决基于酒精和死亡危险因素的社会问题。
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引用次数: 1
Disability Status, Unemployment, and Alcohol-Related Liver Disease (ALD) Mortality: A Large Sample Individual Level Longitudinal Study. 残疾状况、失业和酒精相关性肝病(ALD)死亡率:一项大样本个体水平纵向研究。
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2021-10-19 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/SAR.S334851
Augustine J Kposowa, Kevin Breault

Purpose: Unlike previous research, we evaluate disability within expanded employment status factors and stratify gender, race and ethnicity in alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) mortality in a large sample individual level longitudinal study.

Materials and methods: The National Longitudinal Mortality Study (NLMS) was used covering the period 1990-2011. Statistical analysis involved the use of proportional hazards regression on a sample of almost 1.4 million people aged 18 and older, of whom 2638 died of ALD by the end of the follow-up period.

Results: With expanded employment status factors, disability (HR=3.76 [95%] CI 3.22, 4.39), unemployment (HR=1.90, CI 1.56, 2.31), and those not otherwise in the labor force (HR=2.31, CI 2.08, 2.56) were strongly related to ALD mortality compared to the employed. When stratified, gender, race, and ethnicity were not important modifiers in the relationships between disability, unemployment, those not in the labor force and subsequent ALD mortality. Consistent with other studies, males, minority status, living in a highly urban area, renting as opposed to owning a home, lower educational attainment, marital statuses other than marriage, low income, and age were related to ALD mortality.

Conclusion: In addition to unemployment which has been previously studied in a large longitudinal sample, disabled people who were unable to work and those not looking for work had a higher risk of ALD mortality. Alcohol consumption, abuse and morbidity in these populations are of considerable clinical concern.

目的:与以往的研究不同,我们在一项大样本个体水平纵向研究中评估了扩大就业状况因素中的残疾,并对酒精相关肝病(ALD)死亡率中的性别、种族和民族进行了分层。材料和方法:采用1990-2011年国家纵向死亡率研究(NLMS)。统计分析涉及对近140万18岁及以上的人使用比例风险回归,其中2638人在随访期结束时死于ALD。结果:随着就业状况因素的扩大,残疾(HR=3.76 [95%] CI 3.22, 4.39)、失业(HR=1.90, CI 1.56, 2.31)和非劳动力(HR=2.31, CI 2.08, 2.56)与ALD死亡率相比与就业人员密切相关。当分层时,性别、种族和民族在残疾、失业、非劳动力和随后的ALD死亡率之间的关系中不是重要的修饰因素。与其他研究一致,男性、少数族裔、居住在高度城市化地区、租房而非买房、受教育程度较低、婚姻状况(非婚姻)、低收入和年龄与ALD死亡率有关。结论:除了之前在大型纵向样本中研究过的失业问题外,无法工作和不找工作的残疾人患ALD的死亡率更高。这些人群中的酒精消费、滥用和发病率引起了相当大的临床关注。
{"title":"Disability Status, Unemployment, and Alcohol-Related Liver Disease (ALD) Mortality: A Large Sample Individual Level Longitudinal Study.","authors":"Augustine J Kposowa,&nbsp;Kevin Breault","doi":"10.2147/SAR.S334851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/SAR.S334851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Unlike previous research, we evaluate disability within expanded employment status factors and stratify gender, race and ethnicity in alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) mortality in a large sample individual level longitudinal study.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The National Longitudinal Mortality Study (NLMS) was used covering the period 1990-2011. Statistical analysis involved the use of proportional hazards regression on a sample of almost 1.4 million people aged 18 and older, of whom 2638 died of ALD by the end of the follow-up period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With expanded employment status factors, disability (HR=3.76 [95%] CI 3.22, 4.39), unemployment (HR=1.90, CI 1.56, 2.31), and those not otherwise in the labor force (HR=2.31, CI 2.08, 2.56) were strongly related to ALD mortality compared to the employed. When stratified, gender, race, and ethnicity were not important modifiers in the relationships between disability, unemployment, those not in the labor force and subsequent ALD mortality. Consistent with other studies, males, minority status, living in a highly urban area, renting as opposed to owning a home, lower educational attainment, marital statuses other than marriage, low income, and age were related to ALD mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In addition to unemployment which has been previously studied in a large longitudinal sample, disabled people who were unable to work and those not looking for work had a higher risk of ALD mortality. Alcohol consumption, abuse and morbidity in these populations are of considerable clinical concern.</p>","PeriodicalId":22060,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4d/99/sar-12-81.PMC8541791.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39560475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking and Associated Factors Among Adolescents in Eastern Ethiopia, 2020. 2020年埃塞俄比亚东部青少年吸烟率及相关因素
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2021-10-13 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/SAR.S331349
Abdurahman Kedir Roble, Mohamed Omar Osman, Om Parkash Lathwal, Abdirashid Abdi Aden

Background: Cigarette smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable morbidity and mortality globally, and it is accountable for many causes of premature deaths. Despite the negative consequences of cigarette smoking, studies to identify factors associated with cigarette smoking are scanty and little is known about this practice in the Somali region so far, so this study aimed to assess the prevalence of cigarette smoking and associated factors among adolescents in the Gode, eastern Ethiopia 2020.

Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed among 341 adolescents in the Godey administration of the Somali Region, Eastern Ethiopia from July to August 2020. A systematic sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data were collected using a pretested interviewer administered questionnaire. The collected data were entered with Epi-Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 22 software for statistical analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to identify the true effect of predictor variables on the outcome variable after controlling for possible confounders. Statistical significance was declared at a p-value < 0.05.

Results: Over all, the prevalence of current cigarette smoking among adolescents was found to be 21.1% (95% CI: (16.7-25.5). Having smoker parents [AOR = 2.57, 95% CI: (1.32-5.02)], whose friends smoke cigarette [AOR = 4.78, 95% CI: (2.12-10.76)], and currently chewing khat [AOR = 6.01, 95% CI: (2.96-12.23)] were significantly associated predictors of current cigarette smoking in the final model of multivariable analysis.

Conclusion: The prevalence of cigarette smoking was relatively high in this study area. This study reported having smokers' parents, having smokers' friends and chewing khat were found to be independent predictors for cigarette smoking. Therefore, effective smoking prevention and intervention programs are required in this area.

背景:吸烟是全球可预防的发病和死亡的主要原因之一,也是许多过早死亡原因的原因。尽管吸烟有负面影响,但识别吸烟相关因素的研究很少,到目前为止,人们对索马里地区的这种做法知之甚少,因此本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚东部Gode地区青少年吸烟的流行程度及其相关因素。方法:采用基于社区的横断面研究设计,于2020年7月至8月对埃塞俄比亚东部索马里地区Godey行政区的341名青少年进行了调查。采用系统抽样技术选择研究参与者。数据收集使用预先测试的采访者管理的问卷。收集的数据用Epi-Data 3.1版录入,导出到SPSS 22版软件进行统计分析。在控制了可能的混杂因素后,进行了多变量逻辑回归分析,以确定预测变量对结果变量的真实影响。p值< 0.05为有统计学意义。结果:总体而言,目前青少年吸烟的患病率为21.1% (95% CI:(16.7-25.5)。在多变量分析的最终模型中,父母吸烟[AOR = 2.57, 95% CI:(1.32-5.02)],其朋友吸烟[AOR = 4.78, 95% CI:(2.12-10.76)],以及正在咀嚼阿拉伯茶[AOR = 6.01, 95% CI:(2.96-12.23)]是当前吸烟的显著相关预测因子。结论:本研究区吸烟率较高。这项研究报告称,父母吸烟、朋友吸烟和嚼阿拉伯茶被发现是吸烟的独立预测因素。因此,该地区需要有效的吸烟预防和干预方案。
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引用次数: 3
Why are Youth Engaged in Substance Use? A Qualitative Study Exploring Substance Use and Risk Factors Among the Youth of Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia. 青少年为何使用药物?探索埃塞俄比亚西南部吉马镇青少年药物使用和风险因素的定性研究。
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2021-08-24 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/SAR.S328079
Tinsae Abeya Geleta, Demuma Amdisa, Abraham Tamirat Gizaw, Dejene Tilahun

Introduction: Substance use refers to the use of psychoactive substances such as khat, alcohol, cigarettes, and illicit drugs. Young people are more vulnerable to substance use than older people. Substance use has varying impacts on the health and socio-economics of countries, and is a major public health concern globally. Currently, substance use is a common public health concern among the youth of Ethiopia, mainly in Jimma town. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the substance use and risk factors among the youth of Jimma town in 2019.

Methods: The study was conducted in Jimma town among youth who were engaged in substance use, from March to April 2019. A descriptive qualitative study design was employed and the study participants were acquired using purposive/judgmental sampling techniques. In total, 20 interviews were conducted with young people using in-depth and key informant interview methods. The data were analyzed by using ATLAS.ti version 7. Thematic analyses were performed in order to extract the main themes and categories. Direct quotations were presented with a thick description of the findings.

Results: The findings of this study were discussed under six themes and 12 categories, which emerged from thematic analysis of the data: substance use setting, time and means of distribution, substance-related factors, social and economic factors, individual factors, psychological factors, and legal and policy factors.

Conclusion: The study indicated that khat, alcohol, cigarettes and shisha or water pipes were the most commonly used substances. Different factors that drive the youth to engage in substance use were identified; individual factors, social and economic factors, substance-related factors, and legal and policy factors were most common. Generally, to overcome this problem, the community, lawyers, and policemen should participate in the implementation and enforcement of rules and regulations on substance use. Family should monitor their children and need to act as good role models by avoiding substance use.

导言:使用药物是指使用精神活性物质,如阿拉伯茶叶、酒精、香烟和非法药物。与老年人相比,年轻人更容易使用药物。药物使用对各国的健康和社会经济造成不同程度的影响,是全球关注的主要公共卫生问题。目前,药物使用是埃塞俄比亚(主要是吉马镇)青年普遍关注的公共卫生问题。因此,本研究旨在探讨 2019 年吉马镇青年的药物使用情况和风险因素:研究于 2019 年 3 月至 4 月在吉马镇从事药物使用的青年中进行。研究采用了描述性定性研究设计,并利用目的性/判断性抽样技术获得了研究参与者。采用深度访谈法和关键信息提供者访谈法对青少年进行了 20 次访谈。数据采用 ATLAS.ti 第 7 版进行分析。为了提取主要的主题和类别,进行了主题分析。直接引文与对研究结果的详细描述一起呈现:通过对数据进行主题分析,得出了 6 个主题和 12 个类别:药物使用环境、时间和分配方式、药物相关因素、社会和经济因素、个人因素、心理因素以及法律和政策因素:研究表明,阿拉伯茶叶、酒精、香烟和水烟是最常使用的物质。研究发现了促使青少年使用药物的不同因素,其中最常见的是个人因素、社会和经济因素、与药物有关的因素以及法律和政策因素。一般来说,要解决这一问题,社区、律师和警察应参与实施和执行有关药物使用的规章制度。家庭应监督其子女,并需要通过避免使用药物来起到良好的榜样作用。
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引用次数: 0
Self-Reported Sedative Drug Use Among Students Attending at University of Gondar, Gondar, Northwest, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study. 埃塞俄比亚西北部贡达尔大学学生自我报告的镇静药物使用情况:一项横断面研究。
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2021-08-16 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/SAR.S324098
Gashaw Binega Mekonnen, Simachew Gidey Debeb, Nurahmed Seid Getaw, Zemene Demelash Kifle

Background: Medical students experience significant psychological stress and are therefore at higher risk of using sedatives. There are currently no studies describing the prevalence of sedative drug use among medical students in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of self-reported sedative drug use among medical students attending the College of Medicine and Health Science (CMHS) students at the University of Gondar (UoG).

Material and methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from May to July 2018 in CMHS at UoG. Data were collected using a pre-tested self-administered standard questionnaire. Data were collected, entered into a computer using Epi Info 7 software, and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Frequency, mean, and standard deviation were used to describe descriptive statistics, and binary and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between different variables and sedative drug use; P <0.05 was used to declare association.

Results: Of the 422 students who returned questionnaires, 26 (6.2%) participants were reported sedative drug use at some time since enrollment. Of these, 61.54% participants used antihistamine drugs. Smoking status (AOR (95% CI), 0.046 (0.009-0.241) P = 0.0001), stimulant use (AOR (95% CI), 0.220 (0.062-0.780) P = 0.019), sleeping hour (AOR (95% CI), 9.931 (4.155-14.785) P = 0.001) and sleep disorder (AOR (95% CI), 0.149 (0.033-0.680) P = 0.014) were significantly associated with sedative drug use.

Conclusion: Self-reported sedative drug use among medical students at the University of Gondar is relatively low, and antihistamines are the most commonly used drugs. Smoking, stimulant use, sleeping hour, and the presence of sleep disorders were associated with sedative drug use.

背景:医学生经历显著的心理压力,因此使用镇静剂的风险更高。目前尚无研究描述埃塞俄比亚医学生使用镇静剂的普遍情况。本研究旨在评估贡达尔大学(UoG)医学与健康科学学院(CMHS)医学生自我报告镇静药物使用的患病率及相关因素。材料和方法:于2018年5月至7月对UoG的CMHS进行前瞻性横断面研究。数据收集使用预测试自我管理的标准问卷。收集数据,使用Epi Info 7软件录入计算机,使用SPSS version 20进行分析。描述性统计采用频数、平均值和标准差进行描述,采用二元和多元logistic回归分析评估不同变量与镇静药物使用的相关性;结果:在422名返回问卷的学生中,26名(6.2%)参与者报告在入学后的某个时间使用过镇静剂。其中,61.54%的参与者使用了抗组胺药物。吸烟状况(AOR (95% CI), 0.046 (0.009-0.241) P = 0.0001)、兴奋剂使用(AOR (95% CI), 0.220 (0.062-0.780) P = 0.019)、睡眠时间(AOR (95% CI), 9.931 (4.155-14.785) P = 0.001)和睡眠障碍(AOR (95% CI), 0.149 (0.033-0.680) P = 0.014)与镇静药物使用显著相关。结论:贡达尔大学医学生自述镇静药物使用情况较低,抗组胺药是最常用的药物。吸烟、兴奋剂使用、睡眠时间和睡眠障碍的存在与镇静药物的使用有关。
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引用次数: 1
Prevalence of Khat (Catha edulis) Chewing and Its Determinants: A Respondent-Driven Survey from Hossana, Ethiopia. 咀嚼卡塔叶(Catha edulis)的普遍性及其决定因素:埃塞俄比亚霍萨纳受访者主导的调查。
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2021-08-15 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/SAR.S324711
Riyaz Ahmad Rather, Solomon Berhanu, Lemma Abaynah, Mohammed Sultan

Background: Ethiopia is a leading khat producer in East Africa, and almost all regions are involved in khat production. Hossana, a small town in Southern Ethiopia, is also actively involved in khat production and its use. However, very few studies have been conducted to investigate the habit of khat chewing in this area. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence and predictors of khat chewing among Hossana residents.

Methods: The study was conducted on 1700 individuals in Hossana town from March 2018 to June 2019. A structured pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was designed and used for data collection. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were carried out to study the prevalence and predictors of khat chewing in the study area.

Results: The overall prevalence of khat chewing among the respondents was 58.0% (95% CI 53.4-63.3) of which 68.4% were daily khat users and 31.5% used it occasionally. About 24.7% of females and 75.2% of males had chewed khat. Muslim religion (AOR 2.37; 95% CI 1.58-4.32), male gender (AOR 3.48; 95% CI 2.16-5.61), Older age (AOR 1.36; 95% CI 0.84-2.21), participants having habitual khat chewing friends or a khat chewer family associate (OR 1.70; 95% CI 1.17-2.20) were found to be independent predictors of chewing.

Conclusion: Significant portion of the population in the study area chew khat. Khat use is significantly associated with the Muslim religion, gender, age, and habit of family and friends. Further studies with larger demographic area are warranted from the study area to reproduce these findings.

背景:埃塞俄比亚是东非主要的阿拉伯茶生产国,几乎所有地区都生产阿拉伯茶。埃塞俄比亚南部的一个小镇霍萨纳也积极参与阿拉伯茶的生产和使用。然而,很少有研究对该地区咀嚼阿拉伯茶的习惯进行调查。本研究旨在评估霍萨纳居民咀嚼阿拉伯茶的流行程度和预测因素:研究于2018年3月至2019年6月在霍萨纳镇对1700人进行了调查。设计并使用了一份预先测试的结构化自填问卷进行数据收集。对研究地区咀嚼阿拉伯茶的流行率和预测因素进行了描述性统计和逻辑回归研究:受访者咀嚼阿拉伯茶的总体流行率为 58.0%(95% CI 53.4-63.3),其中 68.4% 的受访者每天都咀嚼阿拉伯茶,31.5% 的受访者偶尔咀嚼阿拉伯茶。约 24.7% 的女性和 75.2% 的男性咀嚼过阿拉伯茶。研究发现,穆斯林宗教信仰(AOR 2.37;95% CI 1.58-4.32)、男性性别(AOR 3.48;95% CI 2.16-5.61)、年龄较大(AOR 1.36;95% CI 0.84-2.21)、有习惯咀嚼阿拉伯茶的朋友或咀嚼阿拉伯茶的家人(OR 1.70;95% CI 1.17-2.20)是咀嚼阿拉伯茶的独立预测因素:结论:研究地区有相当一部分人咀嚼阿拉伯茶。卡塔叶的使用与穆斯林宗教、性别、年龄以及家人和朋友的习惯有很大关系。为了再现这些研究结果,有必要在研究地区进行更广泛的人口研究。
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引用次数: 0
Addiction Medicine Practice-Based Research Network (AMNet): Assessment Tools and Quality Measures. 成瘾医学实践研究网络(AMNet):评估工具和质量措施。
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2021-06-25 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/SAR.S305972
Diana E Clarke, Adila Ibrahim, Benjamin Doty, Sejal Patel, Debbie Gibson, Anna Pagano, Laura Thompson, Amy B Goldstein, Frank Vocci, Robert P Schwartz

Introduction: The need for innovative approaches to address the opioid epidemic in the United States is widely recognized. Many challenges exist to addressing this epidemic, including the obstacles outpatient substance use treatment practices face in implementing measurement-based care (MBC), quality measurement systems, and evidence-based treatments. Also, there are insufficient opportunities for clinicians in these settings to participate in research, resulting in diminished translation of research findings into community-based practice. To address these challenges, the Addiction Medicine Practice-Based Research Network (AMNet) was developed to facilitate the uptake of MBC in outpatient practices via implementation of patient-reported assessments and quality of care performance measures to improve patient outcomes. This network will offer clinicians in outpatient settings (not incuding opioid treatment programs [OTPs]) the opportunity to participate in future substance use disorder treatment research studies.

Methods: A key step in the development of AMNet was the selection of substance use-specific assessment tools and quality of care performance measures for incorporation into the American Psychiatric Association's mental health patient registry, PsychPRO. A scoping review and multi-step consensus-based process were used to identify, review and select candidate assessment tools and quality of care performance measures for opioid use disorders (OUD) and substance use disorders (SUD).

Results: Following a consensus-based methodology, 12 standardized assessment tools and 3 quality of care performance measures for OUD and SUD were selected to help facilitate the implementation of MBC and quality improvement for AMNet participants. These tools were further categorized as core and optional.

Conclusion: By offering a collection of carefully vetted assessment tools and quality measures through PsychPRO, AMNet will help participating clinicians with the systematic uptake of MBC and delivery of evidence-based treatment for patients with SUD. Also, AMNet will act as a centralized repository of data collected from patients and clinicians in non-OTP outpatient addiction medicine practices and serve as a platform for opioid treatment research.

引言:人们普遍认识到,需要采取创新方法来应对美国阿片类药物的流行。应对这一流行病存在许多挑战,包括门诊药物使用治疗实践在实施基于测量的护理(MBC)、质量测量系统和循证治疗方面面临的障碍。此外,在这些环境中,临床医生参与研究的机会不足,导致研究结果转化为社区实践的机会减少。为了应对这些挑战,开发了基于成瘾医学实践的研究网络(AMNet),通过实施患者报告的评估和护理质量绩效措施,促进MBC在门诊实践中的应用,以改善患者的结果。该网络将为门诊环境中的临床医生(不包括阿片类药物治疗项目[OPP])提供参与未来药物使用障碍治疗研究的机会。方法:AMNet开发的一个关键步骤是选择特定于物质使用的评估工具和护理质量绩效指标,将其纳入美国精神病协会的心理健康患者登记处PsychPRO。使用范围界定审查和基于多步骤共识的过程来识别、审查和选择阿片类药物使用障碍(OUD)和物质使用障碍(SUD)的候选评估工具和护理质量绩效指标。结果:遵循基于共识的方法,选择了12个标准化评估工具和3个OUD和SUD的护理质量绩效指标,以帮助促进MBC的实施和AMNet参与者的质量改进。这些工具进一步分为核心工具和可选工具。结论:通过PsychPRO提供一系列经过仔细审查的评估工具和质量措施,AMNet将帮助参与的临床医生系统地接受MBC,并为SUD患者提供循证治疗。此外,AMNet将作为非OTP门诊成瘾医学实践中从患者和临床医生那里收集的数据的集中存储库,并作为阿片类药物治疗研究的平台。
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引用次数: 5
期刊
Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation
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