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Simplifying Addiction. 简化上瘾。
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2021-06-10 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/SAR.S307387
Mark Mohan Kaggwa

Addiction disorders/substance use disorders (SUD) are on the rise. However, many mental health care providers have never experienced SUD themselves, leading to higher chances of poor patient care through stigma, judgement, and the misunderstanding of patients. An alternative approach to understanding patients with addictive behaviors using a comparison of sex is discussed in this paper. Since most health care providers will have experienced sex, this analog can help mental health workers with no lived experience of SUD better understand their patients. This can help reduce stigma, misunderstanding, countertransference feeling, and the judgment of patients, thereby leading to better patient care.

成瘾障碍/物质使用障碍(SUD)呈上升趋势。然而,许多精神卫生保健提供者自己从未经历过SUD,导致通过污名化,判断和对患者的误解导致患者护理不良的可能性更高。本文讨论了使用性别比较来理解成瘾行为患者的另一种方法。由于大多数医疗保健提供者都有过性经历,这种类比可以帮助没有性生活经验的精神卫生工作者更好地了解他们的病人。这有助于减少耻辱感、误解、反移情感和患者的判断,从而导致更好的患者护理。
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引用次数: 3
Antisocial Personality Disorder Among Patients in Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD): Characteristics and Predictors of Early Relapse or Drop-Out. 酒精使用障碍(AUD)治疗患者的反社会人格障碍:早期复发或退出的特征和预测因素
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2021-04-19 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/SAR.S296526
Susmita Pandey, Ingeborg Bolstad, Lars Lien, Jørgen G Bramness

Background: Patients with alcohol use disorders (AUD) vary significantly in many clinically important characteristics making them a heterogenous group. AUD patients with comorbid antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) form an important sub-group, and studies indicate that these patients may have poorer treatment outcomes. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the characteristics of AUD inpatients with comorbid ASPD and identify predictors of early relapse or treatment drop-out in these patients.

Methods: In a longitudinal study of AUD patients (n = 113; 30 females; aged 27 to 72 years) in treatment at three residential rehabilitation clinics in Norway, we used interviews and self-report questionnaires to collect data on alcohol use, mental health, and trauma experience. In addition, we assessed biochemical parameters. The patients were followed up at 6 weeks to identify early relapse or drop-out.

Results: Prevalence of ASPD among AUD patients was 15%. AUD patients with comorbid ASPD were exclusively male, of younger age, and reported more childhood trauma, and adult attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder symptoms. They reported more hazardous drinking behavior and more often had dependence on substances in addition to alcohol. The presence of ASPD did not predict early relapse or drop-out. However, early relapse or drop-out in ASPD patients was associated with childhood and adult trauma, younger age of drinking debut, and higher baseline prolactin levels.

Conclusion: AUD patients with ASPD had different clinical characteristics to other AUD patients and they had specific predictors of early relapse or drop-out. Our findings indicate that the early relapse or drop-out among AUD patients with ASPD may be attributed to environmental and possibly biological vulnerability. However, further studies with larger sample size are warranted to confirm these preliminary associations.

背景:酒精使用障碍(AUD)患者在许多临床重要特征上存在显著差异,使其成为异质性群体。AUD合并反社会人格障碍(ASPD)的患者是一个重要的亚组,研究表明这些患者的治疗效果可能较差。因此,我们旨在探讨AUD合并ASPD的住院患者的特征,并确定这些患者早期复发或退出治疗的预测因素。方法:对AUD患者进行纵向研究(n = 113;30岁女性;年龄在27岁至72岁之间),在挪威的三家住宅康复诊所接受治疗,我们采用访谈和自我报告问卷来收集有关酒精使用、心理健康和创伤经历的数据。此外,我们还评估了生化参数。6周后对患者进行随访,以确定早期复发或退出。结果:AUD患者中ASPD的患病率为15%。合并反社会人格障碍的AUD患者全部为男性,年龄较小,并且报告了更多的童年创伤和成人注意缺陷-多动障碍症状。他们报告了更危险的饮酒行为,并且更经常依赖酒精以外的物质。反社会人格障碍的存在并不预示早期复发或退出。然而,反社会人格障碍患者的早期复发或退出与儿童和成人创伤、较年轻的初次饮酒年龄和较高的基线催乳素水平有关。结论:AUD合并ASPD的患者与其他AUD患者具有不同的临床特征,有特定的早期复发或退出的预测因素。我们的研究结果表明,AUD合并ASPD患者的早期复发或退出可能归因于环境和可能的生物学脆弱性。然而,需要更大样本量的进一步研究来证实这些初步的关联。
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引用次数: 1
Tobacco Use Among Reproductive Age Women in Ethiopia: Evidence from the National Health Survey. 埃塞俄比亚育龄妇女的烟草使用:来自全国健康调查的证据。
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2021-03-18 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/SAR.S291869
Tilahun Abdeta, Gari Hunduma

Purpose: To assess the prevalence and determinants of current tobacco use among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by utilizing secondary data taken from the Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey of 2016. Descriptive statistics and logistic regressions were used to analyze the data. The odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was considered to interpret associations and a significant association was stated at a p-value < 0.05.

Results: The overall magnitude of current tobacco use was 1.4% (n= 217). Majority of them 59.91% (n= 130) smoke cigarettes and followed by smoking gaya 43.32% (n= 94). Higher prevalence was found among participants from Gambella 44.24% (n= 96), Benishangul.59% (n= 36) and afar regions 13.36% (n= 29). Age group of 25-34 years [AOR = 2.78; 95% CI: 1.69, 4.57)], age group of ≥ 35 years [AOR = 4.24; 95% CI: 2.54, 7.07)], followers of protestant religion [AOR = 2.36; 95% CI: 4.17, 9.42], Islamic religion [AOR = 3.92; 95% CI: 2.16, 7.11], and traditional religion [AOR = 16.23; 95% CI: 8.33, 31.61], being in poorest wealth index [AOR = 15.78; 95% CI: 7.38, 33.70], poorer wealth index [AOR = 5.85; 95% CI: 2.64, 12.97], middle wealth index [AOR = 3.61; 95% CI: 1.57, 8.29], and richer wealth index [AOR = 2.48; 95% CI: 1.10, 5.85], who were never in union [AOR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.67], ever drinking alcohol [AOR = 5.44; 95% CI: 3.71, 7.95] and ever chewing khat [AOR = 7.59; 95% CI: 4.99, 11.55] were factors associated with current tobacco use.

Conclusion: Women used tobacco in different forms, and its distribution varies across Ethiopian regional states. The concerned body needs to give attention to the identified associated factors and regions with higher tobacco use.

目的:评估埃塞俄比亚育龄妇女当前烟草使用的流行程度和决定因素。方法:利用2016年埃塞俄比亚人口健康调查的二手数据进行横断面研究。采用描述性统计和logistic回归对数据进行分析。比值比为95%的置信区间被认为可以解释相关性,p值< 0.05时表示显著相关性。结果:当前烟草使用的总体规模为1.4% (n= 217)。其中吸烟的占59.91% (n= 130),其次是吸烟的占43.32% (n= 94)。甘贝拉地区(44.24%,n= 96)、本尚古尔地区(0.59%,n= 36)、远地地区(13.36%,n= 29)患病率较高。25 ~ 34岁年龄组[AOR = 2.78;95% CI: 1.69, 4.57)],年龄≥35岁[AOR = 4.24;95% CI: 2.54, 7.07)],新教信徒[AOR = 2.36;95% CI: 4.17, 9.42],伊斯兰教[AOR = 3.92;95% CI: 2.16, 7.11]和传统宗教[AOR = 16.23;95% CI: 8.33, 31.61],处于最穷财富指数[AOR = 15.78;95% CI: 7.38, 33.70],较差财富指数[AOR = 5.85;95% CI: 2.64, 12.97],中等财富指数[AOR = 3.61;95% CI: 1.57, 8.29],更富裕的财富指数[AOR = 2.48;95% CI: 1.10, 5.85],从未合并的患者[AOR = 0.31;95% CI: 0.14, 0.67],曾经饮酒[AOR = 5.44;95% CI: 3.71, 7.95]和反复咀嚼阿拉伯茶[AOR = 7.59;95% CI: 4.99, 11.55]是与当前烟草使用相关的因素。结论:妇女以不同形式使用烟草,其分布在埃塞俄比亚地区各州各不相同。有关机构需要注意已查明的相关因素和烟草使用较高的地区。
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引用次数: 1
Patient-Reported Outcomes, Experiences and Satisfaction with Weekly and Monthly Injectable Prolonged-Release Buprenorphine. 患者报告的每周和每月注射丁丙诺啡的结果、经验和满意度。
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2020-11-02 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/SAR.S266838
Graham Parsons, Cindy Ragbir, Oscar D'Agnone, Ayana Gibbs, Richard Littlewood, Bernadette Hard

Introduction: Prolonged-release buprenorphine (PRB), administered by weekly or monthly injection, for opioid dependence (OD) treatment offers the potential to address some limitations of oral therapy including stigma, difficulty in achieving consistent appropriate dosing, risk of diversion of medications, risk of overdose, and continuing use of other drugs. Patient-reported outcomes (PRO) and experiences are important in the evaluation of OD therapy success. This work aimed to document PRO during PRB therapy to guide future treatment decision-making.

Methods: Qualitative interviews were completed with people on PRB OD treatment. Twenty individuals from four treatment services in England and Wales were asked to participate. A structured interview was developed guided by a person with OD lived experience. Interviews were transcribed, coded and analyzed using iterative categorization.

Results: Fifteen of 20 individuals approached agreed to participate, and 14 completed interviews. The average age of participants was 42 (range 33-54) years, 13 males and 1 woman, the history of problematic opioid use was 14 years (3-25 years), time in treatment was 7 years (1-20 years), and duration on treatment with PRB was 4 months (range 1-8 months). Participants reported treatment experiences leading to coding of 277 unique comments: therapy effectiveness (77% indicated a benefit of, or satisfaction with, PRB therapy, 7% neutral/general, 16% indicated concern or questions about PRB therapy), convenience (81% benefit, 7% neutral/general, 12% concern), and overall satisfaction (81% benefit, 3% neutral/general, 16% concern). Reported benefits include cravings reduction of 10 (71%), self-care improvement of 10 (71%), relationships improvement of 9 (64%), resources management of 6 (43%), positive outlook on life of 12 (86%). Participants reported a range of positive personal experiences; challenges reported included temporary injection discomfort at treatment initiation.

Discussion: In this small, focused population, there was generally a positive level of treatment satisfaction with PRB. These experiences provide insights to explain potential treatment benefit to others and are useful in guiding therapy choices for others in the future.

长期释放丁丙诺啡(PRB),每周或每月注射,用于阿片类药物依赖(OD)治疗,提供了解决口服治疗的一些局限性的潜力,包括耻辱,难以达到一致的适当剂量,药物转移的风险,过量的风险,以及继续使用其他药物。患者报告的结果(PRO)和经验是评估OD治疗成功的重要因素。本研究旨在记录PRB治疗过程中的PRO,以指导未来的治疗决策。方法:采用质性访谈法对接受PRB OD治疗的患者进行访谈。来自英格兰和威尔士四家治疗机构的20人被要求参与。在一个有吸毒过量生活经历的人的指导下,进行了一次结构化的访谈。使用迭代分类对访谈进行转录、编码和分析。结果:20个人中有15人同意参与,14人完成了访谈。参与者的平均年龄为42岁(33-54岁),男性13名,女性1名,阿片类药物问题使用史14年(3-25年),治疗时间7年(1-20年),PRB治疗持续时间4个月(1- 8个月)。参与者报告的治疗经历导致277个独特评论的编码:治疗有效性(77%表示对PRB治疗有益或满意,7%中立/一般,16%表示对PRB治疗的关注或问题),便利性(81%受益,7%中立/一般,12%关注)和总体满意度(81%受益,3%中立/一般,16%关注)。报告的益处包括:渴望减少10人(71%),自我照顾改善10人(71%),人际关系改善9人(64%),资源管理改善6人(43%),积极人生观改善12人(86%)。参与者报告了一系列积极的个人经历;报告的挑战包括治疗开始时的暂时性注射不适。讨论:在这个小而集中的人群中,PRB的治疗满意度总体上是积极的。这些经验为解释其他人的潜在治疗益处提供了见解,并有助于指导未来其他人的治疗选择。
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引用次数: 12
Subgrouping University Students Based on Substance Use Pattern: A Latent Class Analysis. 基于物质使用模式的大学生亚分组:一个潜在类分析。
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2020-10-19 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/SAR.S253960
Mohammad Reza Karimirad, Sima Afrashteh, Ali Gholami, Saeid Hossein Oghli, Abbas Abbasi-Ghahramanloo, Leila Bordbar, Mostafa Salari

Purpose: High-risk behaviors are the main causes of death and disability among youth and adults. Entering university might cause students to go through their first-hand experience of using substances.

Aim: This study aimed to detect the subgroups of students based on substance use and assess the effects of religiosity and parental support as well as other related factors on the membership of students in each latent class.

Methods: Using a multistage sampling method, this cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016 in Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences (n=524). All students completed a self-report questionnaire. This questionnaire contained questions about substance use, religious beliefs and familial support. The questions of substance use were prepared using the World Health Organization Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (WHO ASSIST). To analyze the data, PROC LCA statistical method was run in SAS9.2.

Results: Three latent classes were identified: 1) nonuser (87.5%), 2) tobacco and illicit drug user (8.7%) and 3) polydrug user (3.8%). Having extramarital sex in the last month (OR=28.29, 95% CI; 8.45-94.76), living alone (OR=4.29, 95% CI; 1.01-18.35) and having a higher score of familial support (OR=0.94, 95% CI; 0.89-0.98) were associated with the polydrug user class. Hookah smoking had the highest (11.1%) and non-medical methylphenidate use had the lowest (2.3%) prevalence among the participants of the study.

Conclusion: This study revealed that 12.5% of the students were either tobacco and illicit drug users or polydrug users. Thus, focusing on the religiosity and familial support may help design some preventive programs for this stratum of young adults.

目的:高危行为是青少年和成人死亡和残疾的主要原因。进入大学可能会使学生经历使用物质的第一手经验。目的:本研究旨在检测学生物质使用亚群,并评估宗教信仰、父母支持及其他相关因素对每个潜在类别学生成员的影响。方法:采用多阶段抽样方法,于2016年在霍尔木兹甘医科大学进行横断面研究(n=524)。所有学生都完成了一份自我报告问卷。这份调查表包含有关药物使用、宗教信仰和家庭支持的问题。药物使用的问题是使用世界卫生组织的酒精、吸烟和药物使用筛选试验(世卫组织协助)编制的。在SAS9.2软件中采用PROC LCA统计方法对数据进行分析。结果:确定了3个潜在类别:1)非吸毒者(87.5%),2)烟草和非法药物使用者(8.7%)和3)多种药物使用者(3.8%)。最近一个月有婚外性行为(OR=28.29, 95% CI;8.45-94.76),独居(OR=4.29, 95% CI;1.01-18.35),家庭支持得分较高(OR=0.94, 95% CI;0.89-0.98)与多药使用者相关。在研究参与者中,水烟吸烟的患病率最高(11.1%),非医疗用哌醋甲酯的患病率最低(2.3%)。结论:本研究显示12.5%的学生是烟草和非法药物使用者或多种药物使用者。因此,关注宗教信仰和家庭支持可能有助于为这一年轻人阶层设计一些预防方案。
{"title":"Subgrouping University Students Based on Substance Use Pattern: A Latent Class Analysis.","authors":"Mohammad Reza Karimirad,&nbsp;Sima Afrashteh,&nbsp;Ali Gholami,&nbsp;Saeid Hossein Oghli,&nbsp;Abbas Abbasi-Ghahramanloo,&nbsp;Leila Bordbar,&nbsp;Mostafa Salari","doi":"10.2147/SAR.S253960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/SAR.S253960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>High-risk behaviors are the main causes of death and disability among youth and adults. Entering university might cause students to go through their first-hand experience of using substances.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to detect the subgroups of students based on substance use and assess the effects of religiosity and parental support as well as other related factors on the membership of students in each latent class.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a multistage sampling method, this cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016 in Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences (n=524). All students completed a self-report questionnaire. This questionnaire contained questions about substance use, religious beliefs and familial support. The questions of substance use were prepared using the World Health Organization Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (WHO ASSIST). To analyze the data, PROC LCA statistical method was run in SAS9.2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three latent classes were identified: 1) nonuser (87.5%), 2) tobacco and illicit drug user (8.7%) and 3) polydrug user (3.8%). Having extramarital sex in the last month (OR=28.29, 95% CI; 8.45-94.76), living alone (OR=4.29, 95% CI; 1.01-18.35) and having a higher score of familial support (OR=0.94, 95% CI; 0.89-0.98) were associated with the polydrug user class. Hookah smoking had the highest (11.1%) and non-medical methylphenidate use had the lowest (2.3%) prevalence among the participants of the study.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed that 12.5% of the students were either tobacco and illicit drug users or polydrug users. Thus, focusing on the religiosity and familial support may help design some preventive programs for this stratum of young adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":22060,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/SAR.S253960","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38546067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Sex Differences in Substance Use and Misuse: A Toxicology Investigators' Consortium (ToxIC) Registry Analysis. 物质使用和滥用的性别差异:毒理学调查协会(毒性)登记分析。
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2020-09-29 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/SAR.S263165
Gillian A Beauchamp, Jennifer L Carey, Mikayla B Hurwitz, Briana N Tully, Matthew D Cook, Robert D Cannon, Kenneth D Katz, Andrew L Koons, Hope Kincaid, Marna Rayl Greenberg

Background: Variations between male and female populations are previously reported in classes of harmfully used/misused drugs, severity of substance use disorder and risk of relapse. The aim of this study was to provide a review of bedside medical toxicologist managed, sex-specific poisonings in adults that present with harmful drug use/misuse.

Methods: ToxIC Registry cases ≥19 and ≤65 years old, with harmful drug use or misuse during the timeframe June 2010-December 2016, were studied. Demographics, primary agents of toxic exposure, administration route and complications were analyzed. Descriptive methods were used in the analysis.

Results: The database included 51,440 cases. Of these, 3426 cases were analyzed in which the primary reason for the encounter was harmful substance use/misuse. Females were found to harmfully use/misuse pharmaceutical drugs (N=806, 65.6%) more than nonpharmaceutical drugs (N=423, 34.4%). Males more frequently used nonpharmaceutical drugs (N=1189, 54.1%) than pharmaceutical drugs (1008, 45.9%). Analgesics were used by females (N= 215, 18.2%) and males (N=137, 6.6%). Sedative hypnotics were used by females (N=165, 14%) and males (N=160, 7.8%). Psychoactive agents were used by males (N=325, 15.8%) and females (N=67, 5.7%). Sympathomimetics were used by males (N=381, 18.5%) and females (N=151, 12.8%). The majority of both male and female participants, 1712 (57.9%), utilized an oral route of administration. However, 312 (16.5%) of males utilized inhalation vs 73 (6.8%) of females inhaled their substance.

Conclusion: There were sex-specific differences among patients evaluated for harmful substance use/misuse by toxicologists. Considering these differences in regards to management and preventive approaches may be indicated.

背景:男性和女性人群在有害使用/滥用药物类别、物质使用障碍严重程度和复发风险方面的差异先前有过报道。本研究的目的是对床边医学毒理学家管理的、因有害药物使用/滥用而导致的成人性别特异性中毒进行综述。方法:选取2010年6月至2016年12月期间毒性登记≥19岁,≤65岁,有有害药物使用或误用的病例。分析患者的人口统计学特征、主要中毒因素、给药途径及并发症。分析采用描述性方法。结果:数据库包括51440例病例。其中,分析了3426个案例,其中遭遇的主要原因是有害物质的使用/滥用。女性有害使用/误用药物(N=806, 65.6%)多于非药物(N=423, 34.4%)。男性非药物使用频率(1189,54.1%)高于药物使用频率(1008,45.9%)。女性215例(18.2%),男性137例(6.6%)。女性165例,占14%;男性160例,占7.8%。男性(N=325, 15.8%)和女性(N=67, 5.7%)使用精神活性药物。男性(N=381, 18.5%)和女性(N=151, 12.8%)采用拟交感神经。大多数男性和女性参与者,1712(57.9%),采用口服给药途径。然而,312名(16.5%)男性使用吸入法,而73名(6.8%)女性使用吸入法。结论:毒理学家评估的有害物质使用/滥用患者存在性别差异。考虑到在管理和预防办法方面的这些差异,可能需要指出。
{"title":"Sex Differences in Substance Use and Misuse: A Toxicology Investigators' Consortium (ToxIC) Registry Analysis.","authors":"Gillian A Beauchamp,&nbsp;Jennifer L Carey,&nbsp;Mikayla B Hurwitz,&nbsp;Briana N Tully,&nbsp;Matthew D Cook,&nbsp;Robert D Cannon,&nbsp;Kenneth D Katz,&nbsp;Andrew L Koons,&nbsp;Hope Kincaid,&nbsp;Marna Rayl Greenberg","doi":"10.2147/SAR.S263165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/SAR.S263165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Variations between male and female populations are previously reported in classes of harmfully used/misused drugs, severity of substance use disorder and risk of relapse. The aim of this study was to provide a review of bedside medical toxicologist managed, sex-specific poisonings in adults that present with harmful drug use/misuse.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ToxIC Registry cases ≥19 and ≤65 years old, with harmful drug use or misuse during the timeframe June 2010-December 2016, were studied. Demographics, primary agents of toxic exposure, administration route and complications were analyzed. Descriptive methods were used in the analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The database included 51,440 cases. Of these, 3426 cases were analyzed in which the primary reason for the encounter was harmful substance use/misuse. Females were found to harmfully use/misuse pharmaceutical drugs (N=806, 65.6%) more than nonpharmaceutical drugs (N=423, 34.4%). Males more frequently used nonpharmaceutical drugs (N=1189, 54.1%) than pharmaceutical drugs (1008, 45.9%). Analgesics were used by females (N= 215, 18.2%) and males (N=137, 6.6%). Sedative hypnotics were used by females (N=165, 14%) and males (N=160, 7.8%). Psychoactive agents were used by males (N=325, 15.8%) and females (N=67, 5.7%). Sympathomimetics were used by males (N=381, 18.5%) and females (N=151, 12.8%). The majority of both male and female participants, 1712 (57.9%), utilized an oral route of administration. However, 312 (16.5%) of males utilized inhalation vs 73 (6.8%) of females inhaled their substance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There were sex-specific differences among patients evaluated for harmful substance use/misuse by toxicologists. Considering these differences in regards to management and preventive approaches may be indicated.</p>","PeriodicalId":22060,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b2/aa/sar-11-23.PMC7532888.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38498530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Updated Version of the Treatment Effectiveness Assessment (TEA) [Letter]. 治疗效果评估(TEA)的更新版本[信]。
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2020-02-17 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/SAR.S239507
Walter Ling, David Farabee, Vijay R Nadipelli, Brian Perrochet
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引用次数: 3
Erratum: Depot Buprenorphine Injection in the Management of Opioid Use Disorder: From Development to Implementation [Corrigendum]. 勘误:仓库丁丙诺啡注射液在阿片类药物使用障碍管理:从发展到实施[勘误]。
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2020-01-31 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/SAR.S247083

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2147/SAR.S155843.].

[这更正了文章DOI: 10.2147/SAR.S155843.]。
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引用次数: 2
Opioid and Polydrug Use Among Patients in Opioid Maintenance Treatment. 阿片类药物维持治疗中阿片类药物和多种药物的使用。
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2020-01-29 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/SAR.S221618
Siv-Elin Leirvaag Carlsen, Linn-Heidi Lunde, Torbjørn Torsheim

Purpose: Opioid maintenance treatment reduces a person's use of heroin. However, frequent substance use in treatment is a problem.

Aim: To examine the association between opioid maintenance treatment and opioid/polydrug use, and whether social factors, adverse experiences, social resources, and quality of life are associated with opioid/polydrug use during the first 12 months in treatment.

Patients and methods: Forty-seven participants from treatment units in Bergen, Norway participated in five waves of data collection. Every third month, a structured face-to-face interview collected self-reported data on sociodemographic characteristics, opioid/polydrug use, participants' social resources or adverse experiences, and quality of life. Data were collected as part of KVARUS, the National Quality Register for Substance Abuse Treatment. A multilevel binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association of opioid/polydrug use and time in current treatment. The analysis included regressions of opioid/polydrug use on time-invariant baseline adverse experiences and social resources, and time-varying reports of quality of life.

Results: There was a significant negative association between time in treatment and use of opioids, b =-0.89, SE = 0.19, p = <0.01. Furthermore, a negative association of age at substance use on polydrug use was found, b =-0.40, SE =0.19, p = 0.03. A higher overall quality of life was significantly associated with lower odds of opioid use during opioid maintenance treatment, b = -0.62, SE = 0.23, p = < 0.01. Social dimensions, participants' adverse experiences, and social resources were not associated with polydrug or opioid use.

Conclusion: Opioid maintenance treatment is associated with lowered opioid use, but to a lesser degree with polydrug use. Our findings add quality of life as an important factor that should be given particular attention because it can offer insight to aspects that can affect the patients' opioid use.

目的:阿片类药物维持治疗减少一个人对海洛因的使用。然而,在治疗中频繁使用药物是一个问题。目的:探讨阿片类药物维持治疗与阿片类/多种药物使用之间的关系,以及治疗前12个月的社会因素、不良经历、社会资源和生活质量是否与阿片类/多种药物使用有关。患者和方法:来自挪威卑尔根治疗单位的47名参与者参与了五波数据收集。每三个月进行一次结构化的面对面访谈,收集有关社会人口学特征、阿片类药物/多种药物使用、参与者的社会资源或不良经历以及生活质量的自我报告数据。数据是作为KVARUS(国家药物滥用治疗质量登记)的一部分收集的。采用多水平二元logistic回归分析来检验当前治疗中阿片类药物/多种药物使用与时间的关系。分析包括阿片类药物/多种药物使用对时不变基线不良经历和社会资源的回归,以及时变生活质量报告。结果:治疗时间与阿片类药物使用呈显著负相关,b =-0.89, SE =0.19, p = b =-0.40, SE =0.19, p = 0.03。在阿片类药物维持治疗期间,较高的总体生活质量与较低的阿片类药物使用几率显著相关,b = -0.62, SE = 0.23, p = < 0.01。社会维度、参与者的不良经历和社会资源与多种药物或阿片类药物的使用无关。结论:阿片类药物维持治疗与阿片类药物使用减少有关,但与多种药物使用的程度较低。我们的研究结果增加了生活质量作为一个重要因素,应该给予特别关注,因为它可以提供对可能影响患者阿片类药物使用的方面的见解。
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引用次数: 1
An Inverse Relationship Between Alcohol and Heroin Use in Heroin Users Post Detoxification. 戒毒后海洛因使用者酒精与海洛因使用的反比关系
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2020-01-08 eCollection Date: 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/SAR.S228224
Nirvana Morgan, William Daniels, Ugasvaree Subramaney

Background: Given that fewer than 50% of countries provide Opioid Agonist Maintenance Therapies (OAMT), it is important to assess whether other substances act as a substitute for heroin in recovering heroin users who receive detoxification models of treatment. There is a dearth of prospective studies from low-and-middle-income countries evaluating these patterns of substance use.

Methods: 300 heroin users from the Gauteng province of South Africa were assessed on entry into inpatient detoxification and then followed-up 3 and 9 months after leaving treatment. Treatment consisted of 1 week of detoxification followed by 6-8 weeks of psychosocial therapy. We measured the overall changes in the prevalence of heroin, alcohol and other drug use at baseline and postrehabilitation. Comparison of these outcomes at enrolment, 3 months and 9 months was performed by a Generalised Estimating Equation (GEE) with the outcome as the dependent variable, observation point as the independent variable, and participant as the repeated measure. Injecting status and treatment completion were included as covariates. We also measured the individual pathways between heroin and alcohol use in the 210 participants that were seen at all three timepoints.

Results: Of the original cohort, 252 (84.0%) were re-interviewed at 3 months and 225 (75.0%) at 9 months. From baseline to 3 months, the proportion of past month heroin users decreased significantly to 65.5%; however, during this time, the proportion of past month alcohol users increased from 16.3% to 55.2% (p<0.0001). When assessing the pathways between heroin and alcohol use at an individual level, 55.4% (n-97) of those who were past month alcohol abstinent prior to rehabilitation were using alcohol at 3 months. From 3 to 9 months the proportion of heroin users increased to 72.4% (p<0.0001), and during this time, the proportion of alcohol users decreased.

Conclusion: After detoxification, a significant reduction in heroin use was observed with a concomitant increase in alcohol consumption. Under these circumstances, alcohol may have acted as a substitute for heroin in the short term. The initial reduction in heroin use 3 months postrehabilitation was followed by increased consumption 6 months later. This observation supports the need for interventions to prevent, monitor and treat high levels of alcohol use in heroin users post detoxification. The provision of OAMT is a necessary consideration to address both the risk of increased alcohol intake as well as the decline in heroin abstinence rates.

背景:鉴于只有不到50%的国家提供阿片类激动剂维持治疗(OAMT),评估在接受戒毒治疗模式的海洛因使用者康复过程中,其他物质是否可以替代海洛因是很重要的。低收入和中等收入国家缺乏评估这些药物使用模式的前瞻性研究。方法:对来自南非豪登省的300名海洛因吸食者进行入院戒毒评估,并在戒毒结束后3个月和9个月进行随访。治疗包括1周的排毒和6-8周的心理治疗。我们在基线和康复后测量了海洛因、酒精和其他药物使用流行率的总体变化。采用广义估计方程(GEE)对入组、3个月和9个月时的结果进行比较,以结果为因变量,观察点为自变量,参与者为重复测量。注射状态和治疗完成作为协变量。我们还测量了210名参与者在所有三个时间点使用海洛因和酒精之间的个体途径。结果:在原始队列中,252人(84.0%)在3个月时重新接受了采访,225人(75.0%)在9个月时重新接受了采访。从基线到3个月,过去一个月的海洛因使用者比例显著下降至65.5%;然而,在此期间,过去一个月的酒精使用者比例从16.3%增加到55.2%(结论:戒毒后,海洛因使用显著减少,同时酒精消费量增加。在这种情况下,酒精可能在短期内成为海洛因的替代品。康复后3个月海洛因使用开始减少,6个月后消费量增加。这一观察结果支持有必要采取干预措施,以预防、监测和治疗戒毒后海洛因使用者的高度酒精使用。提供OAMT是解决酒精摄入量增加的风险以及海洛因戒断率下降的必要考虑因素。
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引用次数: 6
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Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation
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