{"title":"The Two Faces of Janus","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvc77792.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvc77792.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":220725,"journal":{"name":"Why Nationalism","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126169534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"This Place We Call Home","authors":"K. Animashaun","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvc77792.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvc77792.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":220725,"journal":{"name":"Why Nationalism","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128098448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter reviews the implications of the spread of globalism and neoliberalism on citizens. It analyzes how globalism created a democratic deficit, eroding the influence of citizens over decisions that shape their lives. The erosion of national citizenship influenced not only the political standing of individuals but also their economic status. The chapter also examines the national public education as the main victim of globalization. The inability of national education to play its designated mobilizing and integrative role is one of the main reasons that the state lost the respect of its citizens. Unable to fulfill its most basic traditional goals — namely, preparing children to cope with future social and economic tasks, supporting social mobility, and nurturing social cohesion — national education became one more divisive force. The chapter explains how higher education promoted social polarization, cultural differences, and political schisms.
{"title":"The Breakdown of the Cross-Class Coalition","authors":"Yael Tamir","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvc77792.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvc77792.17","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reviews the implications of the spread of globalism and neoliberalism on citizens. It analyzes how globalism created a democratic deficit, eroding the influence of citizens over decisions that shape their lives. The erosion of national citizenship influenced not only the political standing of individuals but also their economic status. The chapter also examines the national public education as the main victim of globalization. The inability of national education to play its designated mobilizing and integrative role is one of the main reasons that the state lost the respect of its citizens. Unable to fulfill its most basic traditional goals — namely, preparing children to cope with future social and economic tasks, supporting social mobility, and nurturing social cohesion — national education became one more divisive force. The chapter explains how higher education promoted social polarization, cultural differences, and political schisms.","PeriodicalId":220725,"journal":{"name":"Why Nationalism","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122615050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter begins with narrating the creation of a cross-class coalition to offer all citizens a set of valuable goods and opportunities. It notes that nationalism started as a project of the elites, and in order to materialize it, they had to gather the support of the people. The chapter emphasizes that for social cooperation to prevail, participants need not attain identical goods and benefits; it is sufficient that they secure for themselves significant benefits they could not have otherwise acquired. It argues that membership in the nation became the relevant criteria for inclusion (and exclusion). Wealth, education, skills, and social status were still relevant for the distribution of power but could not be used as benchmarks for participation in the political game. The chapter also examines how the nation-state gave members of all classes a reason to participate in a collective effort to form a national political unit that would benefit (albeit in different ways and to a different extent) all its members. Ultimately, the chapter investigates why the emergence of the modern nation-state paved the way for inclusive social policies.
{"title":"A Short History of the Cross-Class Coalition","authors":"Yael Tamir","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvc77792.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvc77792.16","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter begins with narrating the creation of a cross-class coalition to offer all citizens a set of valuable goods and opportunities. It notes that nationalism started as a project of the elites, and in order to materialize it, they had to gather the support of the people. The chapter emphasizes that for social cooperation to prevail, participants need not attain identical goods and benefits; it is sufficient that they secure for themselves significant benefits they could not have otherwise acquired. It argues that membership in the nation became the relevant criteria for inclusion (and exclusion). Wealth, education, skills, and social status were still relevant for the distribution of power but could not be used as benchmarks for participation in the political game. The chapter also examines how the nation-state gave members of all classes a reason to participate in a collective effort to form a national political unit that would benefit (albeit in different ways and to a different extent) all its members. Ultimately, the chapter investigates why the emergence of the modern nation-state paved the way for inclusive social policies.","PeriodicalId":220725,"journal":{"name":"Why Nationalism","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131497103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter discusses the origin of the second kind of nationalism. It analyzes how members of minority nations are lured to question the existing national/political status quo when political power is eroded and the state faces a legitimization crisis. Yet, unlike the nationalism of the vulnerable that seeks to strengthen the nation-state, separatist nationalism wishes to seize the moment and loosen existing political frameworks. The chapter then elaborates the aims of separatism to recruit the support of all fellow nationals and form a cross-class coalition. In this sense, it is an inclusive kind of nationalism that labors to make its reference group as large and prosperous as possible. The chapter then turns to explore the power of utilitarian arguments to determine the construction of future states. Ultimately, it analyzes how the European Union led to the reemergence of small nations' nationalism. The chapter notes that today's separatist nationalism is the nationalism of small affluent nations that were oppressed by the threshold principle and were excluded from the national discourse because of utilitarian considerations.
{"title":"The Nationalism of the Affluent","authors":"Yael Tamir","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvc77792.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvc77792.22","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the origin of the second kind of nationalism. It analyzes how members of minority nations are lured to question the existing national/political status quo when political power is eroded and the state faces a legitimization crisis. Yet, unlike the nationalism of the vulnerable that seeks to strengthen the nation-state, separatist nationalism wishes to seize the moment and loosen existing political frameworks. The chapter then elaborates the aims of separatism to recruit the support of all fellow nationals and form a cross-class coalition. In this sense, it is an inclusive kind of nationalism that labors to make its reference group as large and prosperous as possible. The chapter then turns to explore the power of utilitarian arguments to determine the construction of future states. Ultimately, it analyzes how the European Union led to the reemergence of small nations' nationalism. The chapter notes that today's separatist nationalism is the nationalism of small affluent nations that were oppressed by the threshold principle and were excluded from the national discourse because of utilitarian considerations.","PeriodicalId":220725,"journal":{"name":"Why Nationalism","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127598712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter highlights the significance of a poem or a work of art. It argues that the value of a creative work, very often, can be appreciated only by referencing the works of others, shedding light on a particular narrative, being part of a certain national history or an artistic approach. The chapter also studies contemporary Hebrew literature, its contributions and inspiration. Nationalism, or small context creativity, gave their work meaning and in so doing created a wide space for personal expressions. In this sense, as in many others, the national creative sphere is far more open and all-encompassing than the global one. The chapter also explains how forgetfulness played an important role in the life of nations. It reviews how deliberate forgetfulness and misrepresentation of historical facts constituted an important, and perhaps indispensable, feature of nation building, allowing different groups to develop a sense of brotherhood. Ultimately, the chapter elaborates “history” as one example of the national sciences.
{"title":"National Creativity","authors":"Yael Tamir","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvc77792.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvc77792.12","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter highlights the significance of a poem or a work of art. It argues that the value of a creative work, very often, can be appreciated only by referencing the works of others, shedding light on a particular narrative, being part of a certain national history or an artistic approach. The chapter also studies contemporary Hebrew literature, its contributions and inspiration. Nationalism, or small context creativity, gave their work meaning and in so doing created a wide space for personal expressions. In this sense, as in many others, the national creative sphere is far more open and all-encompassing than the global one. The chapter also explains how forgetfulness played an important role in the life of nations. It reviews how deliberate forgetfulness and misrepresentation of historical facts constituted an important, and perhaps indispensable, feature of nation building, allowing different groups to develop a sense of brotherhood. Ultimately, the chapter elaborates “history” as one example of the national sciences.","PeriodicalId":220725,"journal":{"name":"Why Nationalism","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122604186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter emphasizes the most effective and constructive tool of nation building: the public school. The chapter narrates public schools' formative moments, and how the states, comprised mainly of immigrants, embarked on an educational journey intended to transform inhabitants into fellow national. In the newly emerging United States of America, public education was taken to be the surest form of protection against tyranny, anarchy, factionalism, and the disruption of law and order. The chapter shows national education as a way of preserving the nation's freedom, encouraging political participation, and fostering a sense of brotherhood. Ultimately, the chapter investigates how national education turned subjects into citizens, allowing for the development of a set of linguistic and symbolic skills that facilitate communication between fellow nationals, evoking a willingness to work for the benefit of a common good.
{"title":"Subjects into Citizens","authors":"Yael Tamir","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvc77792.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvc77792.15","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter emphasizes the most effective and constructive tool of nation building: the public school. The chapter narrates public schools' formative moments, and how the states, comprised mainly of immigrants, embarked on an educational journey intended to transform inhabitants into fellow national. In the newly emerging United States of America, public education was taken to be the surest form of protection against tyranny, anarchy, factionalism, and the disruption of law and order. The chapter shows national education as a way of preserving the nation's freedom, encouraging political participation, and fostering a sense of brotherhood. Ultimately, the chapter investigates how national education turned subjects into citizens, allowing for the development of a set of linguistic and symbolic skills that facilitate communication between fellow nationals, evoking a willingness to work for the benefit of a common good.","PeriodicalId":220725,"journal":{"name":"Why Nationalism","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114857396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter explores the differences between nationalists and globalists. The chapter asserts that being a nationalist or a globalist is not a constitutive state of mind; on the contrary, in light of changing circumstances, individuals locate themselves at different points along the global—national (G—N) continuum. The chapter sheds new light on the correlation among education, rationality, and the way individuals position themselves on the G—N continuum. It argues that individuals are better of if they structure their preferences in light of actual risks and opportunities. The chapter also recounts social and economic circumstances affecting a person's scheme of risks and opportunities. The chapter elaborates the discussion concerning moral luck. It also assesses the impact of Lockean proviso, in which individuals have the right to acquire as much private property as they can (mostly land in Locke's days), as long as what they leave behind for others is enough and “as good.”
{"title":"The Birth of a Nationalist","authors":"Yael Tamir","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvc77792.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvc77792.20","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the differences between nationalists and globalists. The chapter asserts that being a nationalist or a globalist is not a constitutive state of mind; on the contrary, in light of changing circumstances, individuals locate themselves at different points along the global—national (G—N) continuum. The chapter sheds new light on the correlation among education, rationality, and the way individuals position themselves on the G—N continuum. It argues that individuals are better of if they structure their preferences in light of actual risks and opportunities. The chapter also recounts social and economic circumstances affecting a person's scheme of risks and opportunities. The chapter elaborates the discussion concerning moral luck. It also assesses the impact of Lockean proviso, in which individuals have the right to acquire as much private property as they can (mostly land in Locke's days), as long as what they leave behind for others is enough and “as good.”","PeriodicalId":220725,"journal":{"name":"Why Nationalism","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125625700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter states that the globalization of individuals (rather than of states or international organizations) can be seen as providing the highest degree of personal freedom. It discusses the three stages of globalism as defined in Thomas Friedman's book, The World Is Flat. The chapter also provides a bracing reflection of the two Americas. America, it argues, is now made up of two groups: the “FTE sector” — the people who work in finance, technology, and electronics — and “the low-wage sector.” The chapter then demonstrates election results in different countries which give this phenomenon a visual expression: two nations geographically divided, culturally dissimilar, economically disjointed, and politically opposed. Ultimately, the chapter examines the class divisions and how its new definition reflected the scheme of risks and opportunities individuals face.
本章指出，个人的全球化(而不是国家或国际组织的全球化)可以被视为提供最高程度的个人自由。它讨论了托马斯·弗里德曼(Thomas Friedman)在《世界是平的》(the World Is Flat)一书中定义的全球主义的三个阶段。这一章还令人振奋地反映了两个美洲。它认为，美国现在由两类人组成:“FTE部门”——在金融、技术和电子行业工作的人——和“低工资部门”。然后，本章展示了不同国家的选举结果，给这一现象一个直观的表达:两个国家在地理上分裂，文化上不同，经济上脱节，政治上对立。最后，本章考察了阶级划分及其新定义如何反映个人面临的风险和机会方案。
{"title":"One Nation, Divided, under Stress","authors":"Yael Tamir","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvc77792.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvc77792.18","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter states that the globalization of individuals (rather than of states or international organizations) can be seen as providing the highest degree of personal freedom. It discusses the three stages of globalism as defined in Thomas Friedman's book, The World Is Flat. The chapter also provides a bracing reflection of the two Americas. America, it argues, is now made up of two groups: the “FTE sector” — the people who work in finance, technology, and electronics — and “the low-wage sector.” The chapter then demonstrates election results in different countries which give this phenomenon a visual expression: two nations geographically divided, culturally dissimilar, economically disjointed, and politically opposed. Ultimately, the chapter examines the class divisions and how its new definition reflected the scheme of risks and opportunities individuals face.","PeriodicalId":220725,"journal":{"name":"Why Nationalism","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130323625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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