This chapter argues that nationalism is a deceptive ideology; one of its faces looks to the past, the other looks to the future. It discusses the negative descriptions of nationalism that emphasize its backward-looking face. The chapter also explains how nationalism tried to revive (or invent) an image of a magnificent past. It examines the history of nationalism, and one of its most fascinating features, modernizing powers. Despite the common perception of nationalism as identified with primordial, tribal feelings, the chapter asserts that true power of nationalism in modern times is grounded in its ability to promote processes of modernization and industrialization that go hand in hand with the universalization of education, information, and technology. Ultimately, the chapter portrays nationalism as an expression of a populist state of mind. It further presents the most interesting definition of populism.
{"title":"The Two Faces of Janus","authors":"Yael Tamir","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv11699hk.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11699hk.9","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter argues that nationalism is a deceptive ideology; one of its faces looks to the past, the other looks to the future. It discusses the negative descriptions of nationalism that emphasize its backward-looking face. The chapter also explains how nationalism tried to revive (or invent) an image of a magnificent past. It examines the history of nationalism, and one of its most fascinating features, modernizing powers. Despite the common perception of nationalism as identified with primordial, tribal feelings, the chapter asserts that true power of nationalism in modern times is grounded in its ability to promote processes of modernization and industrialization that go hand in hand with the universalization of education, information, and technology. Ultimately, the chapter portrays nationalism as an expression of a populist state of mind. It further presents the most interesting definition of populism.","PeriodicalId":220725,"journal":{"name":"Why Nationalism","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121996094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter investigates what makes nations so powerful and special. It presents two reasons that come to mind: one obvious the other unexpected. The obvious one is institutional and relates to the alliance between the nation and the state. The unexpected, more surprising, reason concerns the fact that the very same features that make nations attractive allies of the modern state — namely, being natural, historical, and continuous entities — are mostly fabricated. The chapter also explores the way nationalism shaped the modern state and provided it with tools necessary to turn from an administrative service into a caring entity that takes on itself not merely the role of a neutral coordinator but also that of a compassionate and attentive mother(land). Ultimately, the chapter examines the social and political outcomes of the lean state and ponders whether some of the advantages of the nation-state could be recovered.
{"title":"Nation Building","authors":"Yael Tamir","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv11699hk.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11699hk.12","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter investigates what makes nations so powerful and special. It presents two reasons that come to mind: one obvious the other unexpected. The obvious one is institutional and relates to the alliance between the nation and the state. The unexpected, more surprising, reason concerns the fact that the very same features that make nations attractive allies of the modern state — namely, being natural, historical, and continuous entities — are mostly fabricated. The chapter also explores the way nationalism shaped the modern state and provided it with tools necessary to turn from an administrative service into a caring entity that takes on itself not merely the role of a neutral coordinator but also that of a compassionate and attentive mother(land). Ultimately, the chapter examines the social and political outcomes of the lean state and ponders whether some of the advantages of the nation-state could be recovered.","PeriodicalId":220725,"journal":{"name":"Why Nationalism","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121114034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preface to the Paperback Edition","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv11699hk.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11699hk.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":220725,"journal":{"name":"Why Nationalism","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128248036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-17DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691210780.003.0021
Yael Tamir
This chapter unfolds the basis of a new social contract that sets out innovative ways of redistributing risks and opportunities. It also discusses how “committed nationalism” — the nationalism of mutual responsibility that places fellow nationals at the top of one's social priorities — may help to rebuild social solidarity. The chapter then turns to talk about the alliance of conservatives and social democrats, rallying around the nation-state and looking to bring the elites back home in the name of both nationalism and social justice. It demonstrates how the political balance tilted in the direction of the nationalism of the vulnerable rather than in the direction of the nationalism of the affluent. As we enter the age of a new and caring nationalism, the chapter explains four moves that must be taken to tame the new nationalism and make it more liberal and tolerant. Finally, the chapter reviews the significance of reviving the sense of social and political optimism and collective pride that allows individuals and societies to envision a better future for themselves and for the coming generations.
{"title":"A Race to the Bottom","authors":"Yael Tamir","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691210780.003.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691210780.003.0021","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter unfolds the basis of a new social contract that sets out innovative ways of redistributing risks and opportunities. It also discusses how “committed nationalism” — the nationalism of mutual responsibility that places fellow nationals at the top of one's social priorities — may help to rebuild social solidarity. The chapter then turns to talk about the alliance of conservatives and social democrats, rallying around the nation-state and looking to bring the elites back home in the name of both nationalism and social justice. It demonstrates how the political balance tilted in the direction of the nationalism of the vulnerable rather than in the direction of the nationalism of the affluent. As we enter the age of a new and caring nationalism, the chapter explains four moves that must be taken to tame the new nationalism and make it more liberal and tolerant. Finally, the chapter reviews the significance of reviving the sense of social and political optimism and collective pride that allows individuals and societies to envision a better future for themselves and for the coming generations.","PeriodicalId":220725,"journal":{"name":"Why Nationalism","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124742016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter investigates the return of nationalism. It examines what provoked national feelings and national ideology and made them more relevant than ever. It also questions if nationalism is a dormant evil force waiting to pop out whenever there is a crisis, a force that must be repressed at all costs, or is it a constructive power, a worthwhile ideology that could and should be harnessed to make the world a better place. The chapter presents a case for nationalism, highlighting the ways it shaped public policy and made the years between the end of the world wars and the eruption of neoliberal globalism the best years for the least well-off members of the developed world. Some may say that these years were good ones because nationalism was repressed, allowing liberal democracy to flourish. The chapter argues, however, that many of the achievements of that period were dependent on an alliance between the nation and the state.
{"title":"The New Nationalism","authors":"Yael Tamir","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv11699hk.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11699hk.6","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter investigates the return of nationalism. It examines what provoked national feelings and national ideology and made them more relevant than ever. It also questions if nationalism is a dormant evil force waiting to pop out whenever there is a crisis, a force that must be repressed at all costs, or is it a constructive power, a worthwhile ideology that could and should be harnessed to make the world a better place. The chapter presents a case for nationalism, highlighting the ways it shaped public policy and made the years between the end of the world wars and the eruption of neoliberal globalism the best years for the least well-off members of the developed world. Some may say that these years were good ones because nationalism was repressed, allowing liberal democracy to flourish. The chapter argues, however, that many of the achievements of that period were dependent on an alliance between the nation and the state.","PeriodicalId":220725,"journal":{"name":"Why Nationalism","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133701422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-17DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691210780.003.0015
Yael Tamir
This chapter discusses the building up of social and economic gaps following the breakdown of social cohesion. It argues that it took over twenty years for the process to be seen not as a coincidence but as a major social and economic change. In this process, globalism turned from an instrument of the state to its rival. The chapter illustrates how the process of globalization led to unexpected consequences. In the West, the new class of the educated poor keeps growing; even when employed, they hold part-time jobs or jobs that do not suit their qualifications. The opposite process is taking place in Asian countries, where the middle classes are growing at a quicker pace than ever. The economy has moved from relying on unskilled cheap labor to focusing on highly skilled professional industries. The chapter presents the “Elephant Chart,” which shows the distribution of global income growth between 1988 and 2008. It also elaborates the social immobility, “gap preserving policies,” and how social alienation turned into anger, resentment, and animosity.
{"title":"The Elephant in the Room","authors":"Yael Tamir","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691210780.003.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691210780.003.0015","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the building up of social and economic gaps following the breakdown of social cohesion. It argues that it took over twenty years for the process to be seen not as a coincidence but as a major social and economic change. In this process, globalism turned from an instrument of the state to its rival. The chapter illustrates how the process of globalization led to unexpected consequences. In the West, the new class of the educated poor keeps growing; even when employed, they hold part-time jobs or jobs that do not suit their qualifications. The opposite process is taking place in Asian countries, where the middle classes are growing at a quicker pace than ever. The economy has moved from relying on unskilled cheap labor to focusing on highly skilled professional industries. The chapter presents the “Elephant Chart,” which shows the distribution of global income growth between 1988 and 2008. It also elaborates the social immobility, “gap preserving policies,” and how social alienation turned into anger, resentment, and animosity.","PeriodicalId":220725,"journal":{"name":"Why Nationalism","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133657430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-17DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691210780.003.0020
Yael Tamir
This chapter argues that national sentiments should be used to induce a readiness to rebuild a cross-class coalition, giving individuals worthwhile reasons to work together to promote the common good, securing a more just distribution of risks and opportunities. The chapter then presents four reasons why this is the right time to do so. It also describes how state-directed actions must be taken in order to allow millennials to conduct a productive and satisfying life. By narrating the states' new task to reestablish a cross-class coalition that will promote a fairer distribution of risks and opportunities, the chapter acknowledges that some risks and opportunities are unifying — promoting social cohesiveness and undermining class tensions — while others are divisive — pulling the different classes in different directions and exacerbating social conflict. Ultimately, the chapter explicates shifting the social and economic balance in ways that will allow a more even distribution of risks and opportunities. It analyzes how such moves are likely to make a difference in the basic perceptions of public morality.
{"title":"This Is the Time","authors":"Yael Tamir","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691210780.003.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691210780.003.0020","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter argues that national sentiments should be used to induce a readiness to rebuild a cross-class coalition, giving individuals worthwhile reasons to work together to promote the common good, securing a more just distribution of risks and opportunities. The chapter then presents four reasons why this is the right time to do so. It also describes how state-directed actions must be taken in order to allow millennials to conduct a productive and satisfying life. By narrating the states' new task to reestablish a cross-class coalition that will promote a fairer distribution of risks and opportunities, the chapter acknowledges that some risks and opportunities are unifying — promoting social cohesiveness and undermining class tensions — while others are divisive — pulling the different classes in different directions and exacerbating social conflict. Ultimately, the chapter explicates shifting the social and economic balance in ways that will allow a more even distribution of risks and opportunities. It analyzes how such moves are likely to make a difference in the basic perceptions of public morality.","PeriodicalId":220725,"journal":{"name":"Why Nationalism","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114694234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-17DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691210780.003.0009
Yael Tamir
This chapter analyzes human relationships in both the personal and the political sphere. It examines how real love targets certain individuals and endows them with some special features that make them (for us) unique. Nation-states are no different; they would like their members to believe that they were destined for each other, a quintessential band of brothers whose bonding is special, different from all other similar bonds. The chapter also demonstrates how nationalism operated much the same way. It states that not all nations are exceptional, not all homelands can possibly be the most beautiful of all, however, we feel our nation to be unique. The chapter assumes that the same mechanism that allows us to fall in love, create friendships and partnerships, and favor those we care about also works in the case of nationalism. Ultimately, the chapter explores national claims using two distinct and incompatible discourses: the first tells a story meaningful only to fellow nationals, and the second encompasses the universal dimension and situates the national phenomenon within a general framework.
{"title":"This Place We Call Home","authors":"Yael Tamir","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691210780.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691210780.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter analyzes human relationships in both the personal and the political sphere. It examines how real love targets certain individuals and endows them with some special features that make them (for us) unique. Nation-states are no different; they would like their members to believe that they were destined for each other, a quintessential band of brothers whose bonding is special, different from all other similar bonds. The chapter also demonstrates how nationalism operated much the same way. It states that not all nations are exceptional, not all homelands can possibly be the most beautiful of all, however, we feel our nation to be unique. The chapter assumes that the same mechanism that allows us to fall in love, create friendships and partnerships, and favor those we care about also works in the case of nationalism. Ultimately, the chapter explores national claims using two distinct and incompatible discourses: the first tells a story meaningful only to fellow nationals, and the second encompasses the universal dimension and situates the national phenomenon within a general framework.","PeriodicalId":220725,"journal":{"name":"Why Nationalism","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131158759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The first time I read your paper on Data Semantics (Veltman 1984), I thought this was the way linguistics should be done. This paper had a great impact on my MA thesis and my subsequent work. Later on, your defaults paper (Veltman 1996) inspired my doctoral research proposal. You have reviewed the proposal, which for me was the first time a name in a classical paper turned out to be an actual living being. I could not imagine at the time that I would spend three years as a postdoc in your project 'On vagueness—and how to be precise enough' (NOW 360-20-201). The years I have been working in the project were simply great. I have learnt a lot about vagueness and gradability, and no less about academic practice. You accompanied me through the writing of my first journal paper; through the writing of my first grant proposal; the first conference organization; student supervision, and ultimately, through my applications to 'real' jobs. Now, working in Bar Ilan University, back in my home town, much of my research still concentrates on questions that you have presented to me, and I make extensive use of the feedback you have given me in pursuing academic tasks. I am trying to be as kind and positive to my students, yet as effective as you have been in my supervision, and it always helps. Thank you Frank, for making it all possible — for inspiring my thought, and for an invaluable, thoughtful tutoring into academic life. Thank you for your modesty, clarity, kindness, and friendship. Enjoy the Festschrift and the wonderful, fruitful years ever after! Till soon, Galit
{"title":"A Personal Note","authors":"Dear Frank","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv11699hk.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11699hk.5","url":null,"abstract":"The first time I read your paper on Data Semantics (Veltman 1984), I thought this was the way linguistics should be done. This paper had a great impact on my MA thesis and my subsequent work. Later on, your defaults paper (Veltman 1996) inspired my doctoral research proposal. You have reviewed the proposal, which for me was the first time a name in a classical paper turned out to be an actual living being. I could not imagine at the time that I would spend three years as a postdoc in your project 'On vagueness—and how to be precise enough' (NOW 360-20-201). The years I have been working in the project were simply great. I have learnt a lot about vagueness and gradability, and no less about academic practice. You accompanied me through the writing of my first journal paper; through the writing of my first grant proposal; the first conference organization; student supervision, and ultimately, through my applications to 'real' jobs. Now, working in Bar Ilan University, back in my home town, much of my research still concentrates on questions that you have presented to me, and I make extensive use of the feedback you have given me in pursuing academic tasks. I am trying to be as kind and positive to my students, yet as effective as you have been in my supervision, and it always helps. Thank you Frank, for making it all possible — for inspiring my thought, and for an invaluable, thoughtful tutoring into academic life. Thank you for your modesty, clarity, kindness, and friendship. Enjoy the Festschrift and the wonderful, fruitful years ever after! Till soon, Galit","PeriodicalId":220725,"journal":{"name":"Why Nationalism","volume":"184 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126025542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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