Pub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2392547
Jennifer B Unger, Julia Vassey, Daniel Wood Soto, Artur Galimov
The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other agencies have warned e-cigarette to companies to stop selling vaping products that look like toys because these products could attract youth to nicotine use. The vaping industry has gone a step further, producing vaping devices that are fully functional video games. We have observed several new vaping devices that contain youth-oriented video games such as Pac-Man, Tetris, Mario, Q*bert, and virtual pets. Some of these games reward users for each puff of nicotine. The incorporation of video games into vaping devices raises public health concerns regarding the potential appeal to younger users and the potential to escalate nicotine use and dependence. It is crucial to address these devices through robust policy, educational initiatives, and enforcement of existing policies.
{"title":"Vaping Devices with Video Games.","authors":"Jennifer B Unger, Julia Vassey, Daniel Wood Soto, Artur Galimov","doi":"10.1080/10826084.2024.2392547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2024.2392547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other agencies have warned e-cigarette to companies to stop selling vaping products that look like toys because these products could attract youth to nicotine use. The vaping industry has gone a step further, producing vaping devices that are fully functional video games. We have observed several new vaping devices that contain youth-oriented video games such as Pac-Man, Tetris, Mario, Q*bert, and virtual pets. Some of these games reward users for each puff of nicotine. The incorporation of video games into vaping devices raises public health concerns regarding the potential appeal to younger users and the potential to escalate nicotine use and dependence. It is crucial to address these devices through robust policy, educational initiatives, and enforcement of existing policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":22088,"journal":{"name":"Substance Use & Misuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142295899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUNDWe explored predictors of cigar product initiation among Hip Hop-identifying U.S. youth using data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Fresh Empire evaluation. Participants were Hip Hop-identifying youth living in evaluation markets who had not initiated cigar product use at their first survey.OBJECTIVESWe modeled cigar product initiation odds using discrete time survival analysis logistic regression models as a function of factors related to one's large social, physical, social/normative, and intrapersonal environment, and other tobacco use.RESULTSIn the unique sample, 26.2% initiated cigar product use. Factors associated with higher cigar product initiation odds included: current/former (vs. non-susceptible never) cigarette smoking (odds ratio [OR]=5.35; p=.008); cigarette experimentation (vs. non-susceptible never smoking) (OR=3.26; p<.001); current (vs. never) e-cigarette use (OR=2.06; p<.001) and hookah use (OR=1.83; p=.011); having at least one friend who uses marijuana (OR=1.43; p=.008); high music use (OR=1.32; p=.035); household tobacco use (OR=1.26; p =.042); increased age (OR=1.18; p< .001); and higher sensation seeking (OR=1.16; p=.018). Youth reporting higher perceived smoking risks had lower cigar product initiation odds (OR=0.86; p=.029) as did Hispanic (OR=0.53; p<.001) and non-Hispanic Other youth (OR= 0.68; p=.023) (vs. non-Hispanic Black youth).CONCLUSIONSThe finding that high music use predicted cigar product initiation should be considered in light of cigar brand sponsorship of musical artists and events and indicates a potential opportunity for counter messaging. Peer crowd segmentation in this study identified unique and differing factors that influence tobacco use risk among Hip Hop-identifying youth that are not found in the general population.
{"title":"Predictors of Cigar, Cigarillo, and Little Cigar Initiation Among Hip Hop-Identifying Youth.","authors":"Jamie Guillory,Laurel Curry,Ghada Homsi,McKinley Saunders,Amy Henes,Anna MacMonegle,James Nonnemaker,Emily C Sanders,Debra Mekos,Megan Wall Vigorita,Alex Budenz","doi":"10.1080/10826084.2024.2403127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2024.2403127","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDWe explored predictors of cigar product initiation among Hip Hop-identifying U.S. youth using data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Fresh Empire evaluation. Participants were Hip Hop-identifying youth living in evaluation markets who had not initiated cigar product use at their first survey.OBJECTIVESWe modeled cigar product initiation odds using discrete time survival analysis logistic regression models as a function of factors related to one's large social, physical, social/normative, and intrapersonal environment, and other tobacco use.RESULTSIn the unique sample, 26.2% initiated cigar product use. Factors associated with higher cigar product initiation odds included: current/former (vs. non-susceptible never) cigarette smoking (odds ratio [OR]=5.35; p=.008); cigarette experimentation (vs. non-susceptible never smoking) (OR=3.26; p<.001); current (vs. never) e-cigarette use (OR=2.06; p<.001) and hookah use (OR=1.83; p=.011); having at least one friend who uses marijuana (OR=1.43; p=.008); high music use (OR=1.32; p=.035); household tobacco use (OR=1.26; p =.042); increased age (OR=1.18; p< .001); and higher sensation seeking (OR=1.16; p=.018). Youth reporting higher perceived smoking risks had lower cigar product initiation odds (OR=0.86; p=.029) as did Hispanic (OR=0.53; p<.001) and non-Hispanic Other youth (OR= 0.68; p=.023) (vs. non-Hispanic Black youth).CONCLUSIONSThe finding that high music use predicted cigar product initiation should be considered in light of cigar brand sponsorship of musical artists and events and indicates a potential opportunity for counter messaging. Peer crowd segmentation in this study identified unique and differing factors that influence tobacco use risk among Hip Hop-identifying youth that are not found in the general population.","PeriodicalId":22088,"journal":{"name":"Substance Use & Misuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2392558
Michael P Randazza,Lindsay S Ham,Dean McKay
Objective: Despite the commonly observed co-occurrence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) and substance use in clinical populations, few researchers have examined potential mechanisms which contribute to this relationship. This study assessed the mediating role of drinking motives in the relationship between OCS, alcohol consumption, and its resulting health risks among U.S. adults. Methods: Adult participants (n = 1966; Mage = 47.72, SD = 17.91; 76.30% female; 86.10% non-Hispanic White) sourced from Research Match answered an online questionnaire containing measures related to substance use and anxiety-related symptoms. Results: As hypothesized, there was a significant positive indirect path between OCS and both alcohol consumption and risky alcohol use through coping motives. However, there were also small indirect effects of OCS through social motivations for consumption and conformity motivations for risky alcohol use. Conclusions: These results add evidence that coping motives play a role in OCS and alcohol misuse and highlights the need to also consider drinking motives related to social facilitation and conformity in those with co-occurring OCS and alcohol misuse.
研究目的尽管在临床人群中经常可以观察到强迫症状(OCS)和药物使用的共存现象,但很少有研究人员对导致这种关系的潜在机制进行研究。本研究评估了饮酒动机在美国成年人中强迫症状、酒精消费及其导致的健康风险之间的中介作用。研究方法:来自 Research Match 的成人参与者(n = 1966;Mage = 47.72,SD = 17.91;76.30% 为女性;86.10% 为非西班牙裔白人)回答了一份在线问卷,其中包含与药物使用和焦虑相关症状有关的测量。结果正如假设的那样,通过应对动机,OCS 与酒精消费和危险饮酒之间存在显著的正向间接路径。然而,OCS 通过社交动机对饮酒和遵从动机对危险饮酒也有小的间接影响。结论:这些结果补充了应对动机在开放性社区服务和酒精滥用中发挥作用的证据,并强调了在同时存在开放性社区服务和酒精滥用的人群中,还需要考虑与社会促进和顺应相关的饮酒动机。
{"title":"An Analysis of Drinking Motives in the Maintenance of Co-Occurring Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms and Alcohol Misuse.","authors":"Michael P Randazza,Lindsay S Ham,Dean McKay","doi":"10.1080/10826084.2024.2392558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2024.2392558","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Despite the commonly observed co-occurrence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) and substance use in clinical populations, few researchers have examined potential mechanisms which contribute to this relationship. This study assessed the mediating role of drinking motives in the relationship between OCS, alcohol consumption, and its resulting health risks among U.S. adults. Methods: Adult participants (n = 1966; Mage = 47.72, SD = 17.91; 76.30% female; 86.10% non-Hispanic White) sourced from Research Match answered an online questionnaire containing measures related to substance use and anxiety-related symptoms. Results: As hypothesized, there was a significant positive indirect path between OCS and both alcohol consumption and risky alcohol use through coping motives. However, there were also small indirect effects of OCS through social motivations for consumption and conformity motivations for risky alcohol use. Conclusions: These results add evidence that coping motives play a role in OCS and alcohol misuse and highlights the need to also consider drinking motives related to social facilitation and conformity in those with co-occurring OCS and alcohol misuse.","PeriodicalId":22088,"journal":{"name":"Substance Use & Misuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUNDPerceptions of health harms and addictiveness related to nicotine products, THC e-cigarettes, and e-cigarettes with other ingredients are an important predictor of use. This study examined differences in perceived harm and addiction across such products among adolescents, young adults, and adults.METHODSWe conducted a cross-sectional survey (N = 6,131, ages 13-40 years old) in which participants reported perceived harm and addictiveness for 11 products (cigarettes, disposable nicotine e-cigarettes, pod-based nicotine e-cigarettes, other nicotine e-cigarettes, THC e-cigarettes, e-cigarettes with other ingredients, nicotine pouches, nicotine lozenges, nicotine gums, nicotine tablets, nicotine toothpicks). We applied adjusted regression models and conducted pairwise comparisons between age groups (13-17, 18-20, 21-25, and 26-40) and product use status (never, ever, and past-30-day use), adjusting for gender, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, and financial comfort.RESULTSOverall, participants in younger age groups perceived products to be more harmful and addictive than those in older age groups, with the exception of e-cigarettes with other ingredients. For all products, participants who never used perceived each product to be more harmful than those who ever used. For all products, participants who used the products in the past 30-days had lower perceived harm and addictiveness compared to never and ever use. Certain sociodemographic groups, such as people who identify as LGBTQ+, Non-Hispanic Black, or Hispanic, had lower perceived harm and addictiveness for most products.DISCUSSIONEfforts should be made to educate all age groups and minoritized groups on harms and addictiveness of all nicotine products, THC e-cigarettes, and e-cigarettes with other ingredients.
{"title":"Perceptions of Harm and Addictiveness for Nicotine Products, THC e-Cigarettes, and e-Cigarettes with Other Ingredients Among Adolescents, Young Adults, and Adults.","authors":"Jessica Liu,Devin McCauley,Shivani Mathur Gaiha,Bonnie Halpern-Felsher","doi":"10.1080/10826084.2024.2403105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2024.2403105","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDPerceptions of health harms and addictiveness related to nicotine products, THC e-cigarettes, and e-cigarettes with other ingredients are an important predictor of use. This study examined differences in perceived harm and addiction across such products among adolescents, young adults, and adults.METHODSWe conducted a cross-sectional survey (N = 6,131, ages 13-40 years old) in which participants reported perceived harm and addictiveness for 11 products (cigarettes, disposable nicotine e-cigarettes, pod-based nicotine e-cigarettes, other nicotine e-cigarettes, THC e-cigarettes, e-cigarettes with other ingredients, nicotine pouches, nicotine lozenges, nicotine gums, nicotine tablets, nicotine toothpicks). We applied adjusted regression models and conducted pairwise comparisons between age groups (13-17, 18-20, 21-25, and 26-40) and product use status (never, ever, and past-30-day use), adjusting for gender, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, and financial comfort.RESULTSOverall, participants in younger age groups perceived products to be more harmful and addictive than those in older age groups, with the exception of e-cigarettes with other ingredients. For all products, participants who never used perceived each product to be more harmful than those who ever used. For all products, participants who used the products in the past 30-days had lower perceived harm and addictiveness compared to never and ever use. Certain sociodemographic groups, such as people who identify as LGBTQ+, Non-Hispanic Black, or Hispanic, had lower perceived harm and addictiveness for most products.DISCUSSIONEfforts should be made to educate all age groups and minoritized groups on harms and addictiveness of all nicotine products, THC e-cigarettes, and e-cigarettes with other ingredients.","PeriodicalId":22088,"journal":{"name":"Substance Use & Misuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2392542
Zhaohui Su, Bindi Bennett, Ruijie Zhang, Jianlin Jiang, Yifan Liu, Xin Yu, Dean McDonnell, Sabina Šegalo, Jing-Bao Nie, Claudimar Pereira da Veiga, Yu-Tao Xiang
Background: Alcohol use and abuse remain prevalent in China, though mounting evidence shows that even drinking in moderation is detrimental to health. While many countries' intake is on the decline, China's alcohol consumption is rising fast and is on the path to overtaking countries like the United States, even on a per capita level.
Objectives: This paper aims to analyze the danger of lax enforcement of laws and regulations against alcohol use and abuse and underscores the imperative for effective health interventions to curb problematic alcohol consumption in China.
Results: Different from their Western counterparts, Chinese drinkers often consume more spirit with a high percentage of alcohol in social settings that encourage the "ganbei culture"-making toasts with alcohol filled to the brim and downed in one go to show respect-which perpetuates excessive drinking at a fast pace. Though the country has various laws and regulations in place to curb problematic alcohol consumption, like workplace drinking, their impacts are dismal. Considering that China has 1.4 billion people, the country's uncurbed alcohol consumption trend could have a detrimental effect on national strategic objectives like "Healthy China 2030" and international ones like the Sustainable Development Goals. To further compound the situation, prevalent campaigns promoted by liquor companies-like alcohol-infused coffee, chocolate, and ice cream-may groom young people to develop alcohol consumption habits, if not addictions, for generations to come.
Conclusions: We developed the Framework of 5Vs of China's "Ganbei Culture to shed light on the issue, with the hope that it, along with the overarching insights of this paper, can assist health professionals and policymakers in better guarding and improving public health against the harms of alcohol use and abuse in China and beyond.
{"title":"Drunk in China? The Imperative for Effective Interventions Against Alcohol Abuse.","authors":"Zhaohui Su, Bindi Bennett, Ruijie Zhang, Jianlin Jiang, Yifan Liu, Xin Yu, Dean McDonnell, Sabina Šegalo, Jing-Bao Nie, Claudimar Pereira da Veiga, Yu-Tao Xiang","doi":"10.1080/10826084.2024.2392542","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10826084.2024.2392542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alcohol use and abuse remain prevalent in China, though mounting evidence shows that even drinking in moderation is detrimental to health. While many countries' intake is on the decline, China's alcohol consumption is rising fast and is on the path to overtaking countries like the United States, even on a per capita level.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This paper aims to analyze the danger of lax enforcement of laws and regulations against alcohol use and abuse and underscores the imperative for effective health interventions to curb problematic alcohol consumption in China.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Different from their Western counterparts, Chinese drinkers often consume more spirit with a high percentage of alcohol in social settings that encourage the \"ganbei culture\"-making toasts with alcohol filled to the brim and downed in one go to show respect-which perpetuates excessive drinking at a fast pace. Though the country has various laws and regulations in place to curb problematic alcohol consumption, like workplace drinking, their impacts are dismal. Considering that China has 1.4 billion people, the country's uncurbed alcohol consumption trend could have a detrimental effect on national strategic objectives like \"Healthy China 2030\" and international ones like the Sustainable Development Goals. To further compound the situation, prevalent campaigns promoted by liquor companies-like alcohol-infused coffee, chocolate, and ice cream-may groom young people to develop alcohol consumption habits, if not addictions, for generations to come.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We developed the Framework of 5Vs of China's \"Ganbei Culture to shed light on the issue, with the hope that it, along with the overarching insights of this paper, can assist health professionals and policymakers in better guarding and improving public health against the harms of alcohol use and abuse in China and beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":22088,"journal":{"name":"Substance Use & Misuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142295992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2392516
Claudia Guerra Castillo,Kristin S Hoeft,Elizabeth T Couch,Janelle Urata,Bonnie Halpern-Felsher,Benjamin W Chaffee
BACKGROUNDE-cigarettes are the most-used tobacco product among US adolescents and are associated with nicotine addiction. This qualitative investigation aimed to understand adolescents' experiences and perceptions with nicotine addiction, and related influences of addiction, to inform product regulation, health communication, and cessation resource development.METHODSBetween May 2020 and December 2021, in-depth, semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 47 California (United States) adolescents ages 13-17 who reported recent tobacco use (primarily e-cigarette use). The topic of addiction both arose organically and followed specific interviewer questions. Researchers used thematic analysis techniques to identify unifying themes related to addiction.RESULTSAdolescents described e-cigarette addiction in ways that reflected a loss of control over their routines and activities and as physical symptoms, including reward and withdrawal. While some viewed addiction risk as a reason not to vape, others perceived it possible to use e-cigarettes and avoid or manage addiction. Specific characteristics of e-cigarette devices, particularly disposable nicotine-salt products, including flavors, "cool" designs, concealable size and odor, low price, and ease-of-use, were seen as enhancing addiction risk. Quit attempts were difficult and usually unsupported by adults or formal cessation aids.CONCLUSIONSFor many adolescents, addiction is a major component of their experience with e-cigarettes, often in ways that disrupt their routines and reduce their quality of life. Tobacco control or regulation could target e-cigarette product characteristics to decrease potential for addiction among adolescents. Needed are youth-targeted public communication about nicotine addiction and adolescent-tailored, evidence-based cessation support.
{"title":"Adolescents' Experiences and Perceptions of E-Cigarettes and Nicotine Addiction.","authors":"Claudia Guerra Castillo,Kristin S Hoeft,Elizabeth T Couch,Janelle Urata,Bonnie Halpern-Felsher,Benjamin W Chaffee","doi":"10.1080/10826084.2024.2392516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2024.2392516","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDE-cigarettes are the most-used tobacco product among US adolescents and are associated with nicotine addiction. This qualitative investigation aimed to understand adolescents' experiences and perceptions with nicotine addiction, and related influences of addiction, to inform product regulation, health communication, and cessation resource development.METHODSBetween May 2020 and December 2021, in-depth, semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 47 California (United States) adolescents ages 13-17 who reported recent tobacco use (primarily e-cigarette use). The topic of addiction both arose organically and followed specific interviewer questions. Researchers used thematic analysis techniques to identify unifying themes related to addiction.RESULTSAdolescents described e-cigarette addiction in ways that reflected a loss of control over their routines and activities and as physical symptoms, including reward and withdrawal. While some viewed addiction risk as a reason not to vape, others perceived it possible to use e-cigarettes and avoid or manage addiction. Specific characteristics of e-cigarette devices, particularly disposable nicotine-salt products, including flavors, \"cool\" designs, concealable size and odor, low price, and ease-of-use, were seen as enhancing addiction risk. Quit attempts were difficult and usually unsupported by adults or formal cessation aids.CONCLUSIONSFor many adolescents, addiction is a major component of their experience with e-cigarettes, often in ways that disrupt their routines and reduce their quality of life. Tobacco control or regulation could target e-cigarette product characteristics to decrease potential for addiction among adolescents. Needed are youth-targeted public communication about nicotine addiction and adolescent-tailored, evidence-based cessation support.","PeriodicalId":22088,"journal":{"name":"Substance Use & Misuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2392562
Greggory Cullen, Nick Cristiano, David Walters, Andrew Hathaway, Meghan Wrathall, Elle Wadsworth
Background: The well-documented relationship between mental health and substance use is corroborated by recent research on the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on cannabis use behavior. Social isolation, anxiety, depression, stress, and boredom are all linked to the greater prevalence of cannabis and other substance use. Objectives: To better understand the relationship between infection rates in Canada and cannabis use behavior, this research examines the prevalence and frequency of cannabis use across health regions in all 10 provinces at the height of the pandemic. Methods: Our analyses linked data from the National Cannabis Survey with Covid-19 case rates and cannabis availability through legal retail outlets at the end of 2020, 2 years after cannabis legalization came into effect. Hierarchical generalized linear models were employed, controlling for age, gender, SES, mental health, the number of cannabis stores per square kilometer, and prevalence of cannabis use in each health region prior to the pandemic. Results: Even after controlling for other predictors, our models show that those residing where infection rates are higher are more likely to use cannabis and use it more often. Conclusions: The findings of this study support investing in better-targeted harm reduction measures in areas hit hardest by the pandemic to address contributing societal conditions. The implications are noteworthy for drug policy observers in North America and other global jurisdictions pursuing evidence-based public health approaches to regulating cannabis and other substance use.
{"title":"The Relationship Between Rates of Cannabis Use and Covid-19 Infection Rates During the Pandemic: An Analysis of Canada's National Cannabis Survey.","authors":"Greggory Cullen, Nick Cristiano, David Walters, Andrew Hathaway, Meghan Wrathall, Elle Wadsworth","doi":"10.1080/10826084.2024.2392562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2024.2392562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> The well-documented relationship between mental health and substance use is corroborated by recent research on the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on cannabis use behavior. Social isolation, anxiety, depression, stress, and boredom are all linked to the greater prevalence of cannabis and other substance use. Objectives: To better understand the relationship between infection rates in Canada and cannabis use behavior, this research examines the prevalence and frequency of cannabis use across health regions in all 10 provinces at the height of the pandemic. <i>Methods:</i> Our analyses linked data from the National Cannabis Survey with Covid-19 case rates and cannabis availability through legal retail outlets at the end of 2020, 2 years after cannabis legalization came into effect. Hierarchical generalized linear models were employed, controlling for age, gender, SES, mental health, the number of cannabis stores per square kilometer, and prevalence of cannabis use in each health region prior to the pandemic. <i>Results:</i> Even after controlling for other predictors, our models show that those residing where infection rates are higher are more likely to use cannabis and use it more often. <i>Conclusions:</i> The findings of this study support investing in better-targeted harm reduction measures in areas hit hardest by the pandemic to address contributing societal conditions. The implications are noteworthy for drug policy observers in North America and other global jurisdictions pursuing evidence-based public health approaches to regulating cannabis and other substance use.</p>","PeriodicalId":22088,"journal":{"name":"Substance Use & Misuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142295898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2393220
Antoinette V. Thuillier, Yong Qiao, Zhao H. Wu
Fatal drug overdoses have involved both xylazine and fentanyl. Xylazine is a non-opioid substance used in veterinary medicine. This study aimed to model changes in fatal xylazine-involved drug over...
{"title":"Modeling Changes of Fatal Xylazine-Involved Drug Overdoses in Connecticut Across Time","authors":"Antoinette V. Thuillier, Yong Qiao, Zhao H. Wu","doi":"10.1080/10826084.2024.2393220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2024.2393220","url":null,"abstract":"Fatal drug overdoses have involved both xylazine and fentanyl. Xylazine is a non-opioid substance used in veterinary medicine. This study aimed to model changes in fatal xylazine-involved drug over...","PeriodicalId":22088,"journal":{"name":"Substance Use & Misuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-15DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2403109
Andrew Moore, Ben Lewis, Hugh Farrior, Jesse Hinckley, Sara Jo Nixon, Devika Bhatia
Background: Predicting substance use in adolescence is a difficult yet important task in developing effective prevention. We aim to extend previous findings on the linear associations between familiarity with (knowledge of) substances in childhood and subsequent substance use in adolescence through a latent class analysis (LCA) to create risk profiles based on substance familiarity.
Method: Using the ABCD Study® sample, we conducted an LCA using 18 binary substance familiarity variables (n = 11,694 substance-naïve youth). Complementary analyses investigated the relationship between LCA groups and (1) longitudinal use, (2) use initiation, and (3) early use.
Results: The optimal LCA resulted in a four-class solution: Naïve, Common, Uncommon, and Rare, with each group increasing in both the number and rarity of known substances. Analysis 1 revealed an increased risk in use over time among both the Uncommon and Rare groups (ORs = 2.08 and 5.55, respectively, p's < 0.001) compared to the Common group. Analysis 2 observed a decreased risk for initiation between the Naïve and Common groups (OR = 0.61, p = 0.009); however, the Uncommon and Rare groups were at an increased risk compared to the Common group (ORs = 2.08 and 3.42, respectively, p's < 0.001). Analysis 3 found an increased risk of early use between the Common and Uncommon groups (OR = 1.92, p < 0.001) with a similar trend between the Common and Rare groups (OR = 1.90, p = 0.06).
Conclusion: These results highlight distinct risk profiles for adolescent substance use based on substance familiarity in middle childhood. Current work could be applied as an early screening tool for clinicians to identify those at risk for adolescent substance use.
{"title":"Impact of Pre-Adolescent Substance Familiarity on Subsequent Use: Longitudinal Analysis of Risk by Latent Classes in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Sample.","authors":"Andrew Moore, Ben Lewis, Hugh Farrior, Jesse Hinckley, Sara Jo Nixon, Devika Bhatia","doi":"10.1080/10826084.2024.2403109","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10826084.2024.2403109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Predicting substance use in adolescence is a difficult yet important task in developing effective prevention. We aim to extend previous findings on the linear associations between familiarity with (knowledge of) substances in childhood and subsequent substance use in adolescence through a latent class analysis (LCA) to create risk profiles based on substance familiarity.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using the ABCD Study<sup>®</sup> sample, we conducted an LCA using 18 binary substance familiarity variables (<i>n</i> = 11,694 substance-naïve youth). Complementary analyses investigated the relationship between LCA groups and (1) longitudinal use, (2) use initiation, and (3) early use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimal LCA resulted in a four-class solution: Naïve, Common, Uncommon, and Rare, with each group increasing in both the number and rarity of known substances. Analysis 1 revealed an increased risk in use over time among both the Uncommon and Rare groups (ORs = 2.08 and 5.55, respectively, <i>p</i>'<i>s</i> < 0.001) compared to the Common group. Analysis 2 observed a decreased risk for initiation between the Naïve and Common groups (OR = 0.61, <i>p</i> = 0.009); however, the Uncommon and Rare groups were at an increased risk compared to the Common group (ORs = 2.08 and 3.42, respectively, <i>p</i>'<i>s</i> < 0.001). Analysis 3 found an increased risk of early use between the Common and Uncommon groups (OR = 1.92, <i>p</i> < 0.001) with a similar trend between the Common and Rare groups (OR = 1.90, <i>p</i> = 0.06).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results highlight distinct risk profiles for adolescent substance use based on substance familiarity in middle childhood. Current work could be applied as an early screening tool for clinicians to identify those at risk for adolescent substance use.</p>","PeriodicalId":22088,"journal":{"name":"Substance Use & Misuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142295995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-15DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2403121
Jennifer Davies-Owen, Paul Christiansen, Carl Alexander Roberts
Background: The Cannabis Eating Experience Questionnaire (CEEQ) was developed and validated with a two-factor structure for the assessment of cannabis effects on both the appetitive factors that initiate eating and the hedonic factors that maintain an eating episode. The relationship between the CEEQ and cannabis use motives has not yet been considered. The study aimed to confirm the two-factor structure of the CEEQ and explore associations with the five-factor Marijuana Motives Questionnaire (MMQ).
Method: Cannabis users (N = 546) completed the CEEQ alongside the MMQ in an online survey.
Results: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the two-factor structure of the CEEQ and the five-factor structure of the MMQ. Structural equation modeling (SEM) tested associations between each factor of the CEEQ and cannabis use motives. Cannabis use motives of "enhancement" and "conformity" were both positively associated with "hedonic" and "appetitive" subscales of the CEEQ, and "coping" was associated with increased "appetitive" scores. The "social" cannabis use motive was negatively associated with both "hedonic" and "appetitive" subscales on CEEQ, and "expansion" was negatively associated with the "appetitive" subscale.
Conclusion: We provide further support for the construct validity of the CEEQ that provides a useful assessment of cannabis effects on hedonic and appetitive aspects of eating and show for the first time that cannabis use motives influence eating experiences in distinct ways. Further understanding of the relationship between cannabis use motives and the effects of cannabis on appetite may prove a useful for informing therapeutic applications of cannabis stimulating appetite or promoting weight gain.
{"title":"Associations Between Motivations for Cannabis Use and \"the Munchies\": Construct Validity of the Cannabinoid Eating Experience Questionnaire.","authors":"Jennifer Davies-Owen, Paul Christiansen, Carl Alexander Roberts","doi":"10.1080/10826084.2024.2403121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2024.2403121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Cannabis Eating Experience Questionnaire (CEEQ) was developed and validated with a two-factor structure for the assessment of cannabis effects on both the appetitive factors that initiate eating and the hedonic factors that maintain an eating episode. The relationship between the CEEQ and cannabis use motives has not yet been considered. The study aimed to confirm the two-factor structure of the CEEQ and explore associations with the five-factor Marijuana Motives Questionnaire (MMQ).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Cannabis users (<i>N</i> = 546) completed the CEEQ alongside the MMQ in an online survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the two-factor structure of the CEEQ and the five-factor structure of the MMQ. Structural equation modeling (SEM) tested associations between each factor of the CEEQ and cannabis use motives. Cannabis use motives of \"enhancement\" and \"conformity\" were both positively associated with \"hedonic\" and \"appetitive\" subscales of the CEEQ, and \"coping\" was associated with increased \"appetitive\" scores. The \"social\" cannabis use motive was negatively associated with both \"hedonic\" and \"appetitive\" subscales on CEEQ, and \"expansion\" was negatively associated with the \"appetitive\" subscale.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We provide further support for the construct validity of the CEEQ that provides a useful assessment of cannabis effects on hedonic and appetitive aspects of eating and show for the first time that cannabis use motives influence eating experiences in distinct ways. Further understanding of the relationship between cannabis use motives and the effects of cannabis on appetite may prove a useful for informing therapeutic applications of cannabis stimulating appetite or promoting weight gain.</p>","PeriodicalId":22088,"journal":{"name":"Substance Use & Misuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142295990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}