Survey of ophthalmology最新文献_第4页

Additional observations on ROCK inhibitors: Reticular corneal epithelial edema ROCK抑制剂的其他观察结果：网状角膜上皮水肿。

IF 5.9 2区医学 Q1 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Survey of ophthalmology

Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2025.09.020

Omar Nusair, Mohammad Soleimani MD, FICO

引用次数: 0

Response to “Additional observations on ROCK inhibitors: reticular corneal epithelial edema” 对“ROCK抑制剂的额外观察：网状角膜上皮水肿”的回应。

IF 5.9 2区医学 Q1 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Survey of ophthalmology

Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2025.09.022

Christin Henein, Jit Kai Tan, David H. Steel, Sajjad Ahmad, Ananth Viswanathan, Rashmi G. Mathew, Peng Tee Khaw

引用次数: 0

Retinal imaging options for differentiating degenerative retinoschisis from retinal detachment: A scoping review 鉴别退行性视网膜裂与视网膜脱离的视网膜影像学选择：范围回顾。

IF 5.9 2区医学 Q1 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Survey of ophthalmology

Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2025.08.018

Jai Ethan Paris , Carmelo Zak Macri MBBS, MPhil , Yong Min Lee MBBS, MPhil , Weng Onn Chan MPhil, FRANZCO

Degenerative retinoschisis (RS) can mimic retinal detachment (RD), posing a diagnostic challenge. We summarize the utility and limitations of current retinal imaging modalities in evaluating degenerative RS. We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from January 1, 1973, to February 5, 2025. Studies evaluating imaging modalities in degenerative RS were reviewed, including spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT), B-scan ultrasound (US), ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), infrared reflectance (IR), OCT angiography (OCTA), and color doppler ultrasound (CDUS). Twenty-two studies met inclusion criteria. SD-OCT remains the most reliable modality, providing high-resolution layer differentiation and detection of schisis-detachment, though its peripheral reach is limited. B-scan ultrasonography and UBM can overcome this limitation and are particularly useful in cases with media opacity. where FAF and IR imaging yield inconsistent and non-reproducible results, limiting their diagnostic utility. CDUS and CEUS may offer additional diagnostic value, particularly in perfusion-based differentiation of RS from RD, though they remain underexplored in schisis-detachment. OCTA is useful in characterising the vascular abnormalities seen in RS; its added B-scan capability may offer advantages over UBM in select cases. We apply the use of different multimodal imaging approaches to cases with diagnostic uncertainty, and apply the use of new imaging options for cases where OCT was unavailable. A multimodal imaging approach is recommended in diagnostically uncertain cases of degenerative RS. Larger prospective studies are needed to validate newer modalities, particularly in schisis-detachment.

退行性视网膜裂（RS）可以模拟视网膜脱离（RD），提出了诊断挑战。我们总结了当前视网膜成像方式在评估退行性视网膜病变中的效用和局限性。我们从1973年1月1日至2025年2月5日对PubMed、Embase、Scopus、Cochrane Library和谷歌Scholar进行了系统检索。综述了退行性RS影像学评价方法的研究，包括光谱域OCT （SD-OCT）、b超（US）、超声生物显微镜（UBM）、眼底自体荧光（FAF）、红外反射（IR）、OCT血管造影（OCTA）和彩色多普勒超声（CDUS）。22项研究符合纳入标准。SD-OCT仍然是最可靠的方式，提供高分辨率的层分化和分离检测，尽管其外围覆盖范围有限。b超扫描和UBM可以克服这一限制，在介质不透明的情况下特别有用。FAF和IR成像产生不一致和不可重复的结果，限制了它们的诊断效用。CDUS和CEUS可能提供额外的诊断价值，特别是在基于灌注的RS和RD分化中，尽管它们在分裂-脱离中的应用尚不充分。OCTA可用于表征RS中的血管异常；在某些情况下，它增加的b扫描功能可能比UBM更有优势。我们将不同的多模态成像方法应用于诊断不确定的病例，并将新的成像方法应用于无法获得OCT的病例。在诊断不确定的退行性RS病例中，推荐采用多模式成像方法。需要更大规模的前瞻性研究来验证新的模式，特别是在裂片-脱离的情况下。

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引用次数: 0

Fibrogliosis in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: A new mechanistic perspective 新生血管性年龄相关性黄斑变性中的纤维胶质瘤：一个新的机制视角。

IF 5.9 2区医学 Q1 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Survey of ophthalmology

Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2025.09.019

David A. Merle MD , Federico Beretta , Riccardo Sacconi , Giuseppe Querques

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) remains among the leading causes of blindness in industrialized nations, with fibrosis secondary to macular neovascularization (MNV) significantly contributing to visual decline despite treatment with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. Although traditionally viewed as detrimental, fibrosis may reflect a delicate balance between beneficial vessel stabilization and harmful scarring. We critically evaluate the pathophysiology of fibrosis in AMD and introduces the novel hypothetical concept of “fibrogliosis”, which emphasizes the central role of Müller glia and retinal microglia activation following disruption of the outer blood-retinal barrier. According to this concept, fibrogliosis manifests differently among MNV subtypes, influenced largely by their impact on outer blood-retinal barrier integrity. Recognizing this variability underscores the importance of further investigation into the hypothetical concept of fibrogliosis, which in theory could guide future therapeutic strategies to balance vascular stabilization with the modulation of neovascularization and fibrosis.

在工业化国家，年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）仍然是致盲的主要原因之一，尽管采用抗血管内皮生长因子治疗，黄斑新生血管的纤维化仍显著导致视力下降。虽然传统上被认为是有害的，但纤维化可能反映了有益血管稳定和有害疤痕之间的微妙平衡。我们批判性地评估了AMD中纤维化的病理生理学，并引入了“纤维胶质细胞病”的新假设概念，该概念强调了外血-视网膜屏障破坏后神经胶质细胞和视网膜小胶质细胞激活的核心作用。根据这一概念，纤维胶质瘤在MNV亚型中表现不同，主要受其对外血-视网膜屏障完整性的影响。认识到这种可变性强调了进一步研究纤维胶质瘤假设概念的重要性，这在理论上可以指导未来的治疗策略，以平衡血管稳定与新生血管和纤维化的调节。

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引用次数: 0

Medical and surgical approaches to prevent corneal graft rejection in high-risk recipients 预防高危受者角膜移植排斥反应的医学和外科方法

IF 5.9 2区医学 Q1 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Survey of ophthalmology

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2025.09.024

Sepehr Feizi MD, MSc, Firouze Hatami MD, Sina Khosravi Mirzaei MD, Kia Bayat MD

A substantial number of corneal transplantations are performed in the vascularized and inflamed environments of high-risk recipients, which increases the risk of graft rejection. Managing high-risk keratoplasty is challenging and encompasses numerous pre-, intra-, and post-operative measures. Preoperative measures include treating ocular surface inflammation and corneal neovascularization. Intraoperative measures mainly involve performing lamellar keratoplasty, if possible, to reduce the loads of alloantigens introduced to the recipient’s immune system. The key step in the prevention of immunologic rejection in high-risk recipients is the administration of topical and systemic immunosuppressive medications for a long term. Topical corticosteroids are frequently administered after corneal transplantation; however, they are insufficient to prevent graft rejection following high-risk keratoplasty. In such cases, various systemic immunosuppressive medications can be employed with inconstant success rates. Nonetheless, these agents can result in potentially serious and sometimes life-threatening adverse reactions. Furthermore, the ideal method of administration, dosage, frequency, and duration of application of these medications have not been identified for individual cases of high-risk keratoplasty. New strategies, including targeted biological treatments and tolerance-inducing protocols, may hold promise in decreasing the risk of corneal graft rejection in high-risk settings without the adverse reactions of systemic immunosuppressive treatment.

大量的角膜移植是在高风险受者的血管化和炎症环境中进行的，这增加了移植排斥的风险。管理高风险角膜移植手术是具有挑战性的，包括许多术前、术中和术后措施。术前措施包括治疗眼表炎症和角膜新生血管。术中措施主要包括进行板层角膜移植术，如果可能的话，以减少引入受体免疫系统的异体抗原负荷。预防高危受体免疫排斥反应的关键步骤是长期给予局部和全身免疫抑制药物。角膜移植后经常使用局部皮质类固醇；然而，它们不足以预防高风险角膜移植术后的移植排斥反应。在这种情况下，可以使用各种全身免疫抑制药物，成功率不稳定。尽管如此，这些药物可能导致潜在的严重，有时甚至危及生命的不良反应。此外，这些药物的理想给药方法、剂量、频率和持续时间还没有被确定为高危角膜移植术的个别病例。新的策略，包括靶向生物治疗和耐受诱导方案，可能有望降低高风险环境中角膜移植排斥的风险，而不会出现全身免疫抑制治疗的不良反应。

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引用次数: 0

Isolated tattoo-associated uveitis without systemic sarcoidosis: A systematic review of case reports 无系统性结节病的孤立性纹身相关葡萄膜炎：病例报告的系统回顾。

IF 5.9 2区医学 Q1 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Survey of ophthalmology

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2025.09.021

Seyyedehfatemeh Ghalibafan MD, William Ross Herskowitz BA, Brandon Graham Chou BS, Landon J. Rohowetz MD, Naomi E. Gutkind MD, Stephanie M. Llop MD, Nicolas A. Yannuzzi MD

We systematically review and characterize cases of tattoo-associated uveitis without systemic sarcoidosis, focusing on clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, management, and outcomes. We conducted a comprehensive literature search across PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase from 1969 to April 2025, following PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies included case reports and series documenting tattoo-related uveitis in the absence of confirmed systemic sarcoidosis. Thirty-three studies encompassing 44 patients (86 eyes) were included. Most patients were male (75 %), with a mean age of 31.9 ± 11.5 years. Tattoos were typically permanent (97.7 %), extensive in size (61.4 %), and placed on the arms (77.3 %), with black pigment most common (61.3 %). Skin inflammation was reported in 88.6 % of patients, typically preceding or coinciding with uveitis onset. Anterior uveitis (52.3 %) and bilateral involvement (95.5 %) were predominant. Common findings included anterior chamber inflammation (56.8 %), vitritis (38.6 %), and cystoid macular edema (27.3 %). No significant associations were found, except between number of tattoos and uveitis laterality (p = 0.046). Work-up frequently involved chest imaging (72.7 %), skin biopsy (88.6 %), and infectious screening. Management included corticosteroids (70.5 %), immunosuppressants (38.6 %), and tattoo excision (15.9 %). Inflammation was controlled in 70.5 %, though 50 % required long-term corticosteroids and 15.9 % required intraocular pressure management. Tattoo-associated uveitis is an emerging entity that can mimic sarcoidosis, often presenting with delayed ocular inflammation and concurrent skin findings. Clinicians should inquire about tattoos in uveitis patients and monitor for potential systemic involvement. Multidisciplinary evaluation and tailored treatment, including immunosuppression or tattoo removal, may be needed to achieve disease control.

我们系统地回顾和描述无系统性结节病的纹身相关葡萄膜炎病例，重点关注临床表现、诊断检查、管理和结果。我们按照PRISMA的指导方针，对PubMed、b谷歌Scholar、Scopus、Web of Science和Embase从1969年到2025年4月进行了全面的文献检索。符合条件的研究包括病例报告和系列文献，在没有确认的系统性结节病的情况下，与纹身相关的葡萄膜炎。33项研究包括44名患者（86只眼睛）。患者以男性居多（75%），平均年龄31.9±11.5岁。纹身通常是永久性的（97.7%），大面积的（61.4%），以及在手臂上的（77.3%），最常见的是黑色颜料（61.3%）。88.6%的患者报告皮肤炎症，通常在葡萄膜炎发作之前或同时发生。以前葡萄膜炎（52.3%）和双侧受累（95.5%）为主。常见的表现包括前房炎症（56.8%）、玻璃体炎（38.6%）和黄斑囊样水肿（27.3%）。除了纹身数量和葡萄膜炎的侧边性之间没有发现显著的关联（p = 0.046）。常见的检查包括胸部影像学（72.7%）、皮肤活检（88.6%）和感染性筛查。治疗方法包括皮质类固醇（70.5%）、免疫抑制剂（38.6%）和纹身切除（15.9%）。70.5%的患者炎症得到控制，但50%的患者需要长期使用皮质类固醇，15.9%的患者需要控制眼压。纹身相关性葡萄膜炎是一种新兴的实体，可以模仿结节病，通常表现为延迟的眼部炎症和并发的皮肤表现。临床医生应询问葡萄膜炎患者是否有纹身，并监测其是否累及全身。可能需要多学科评估和量身定制的治疗，包括免疫抑制或纹身去除，以实现疾病控制。

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引用次数: 0

Prefilled syringes and post-intravitreal injection endophthalmitis: A network meta-analysis. 预充式注射器和玻璃体内注射后眼内炎：一项网络荟萃分析。

IF 5.9 2区医学 Q1 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Survey of ophthalmology

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2025.09.025

Brendan K Tao, Jiwon Hwang, Shihyun Park, David Mikhail, Angelica Hanna, Ryan S Huang, Andrew Mihalache, Jim S Xie, Marko M Popovic, Yaping Jin, Parampal Grewal, Bernard Hurley, Peter Kertes, Amin Kherani, Matthew Tennant, John Chen, Eduardo Navajas, Wai-Ching Lam, Rajeev H Muni, Peng Yan

Optimally, syringe-filling technique may reduce the risk of post-injection endophthalmitis (PIE), yet there is wide variation between ophthalmologists and jurisdictions regarding syringe-filling practices. This frequentist network meta-analysis (PROSPERO: CRD42024555196) of rare events sought to compare the odds of PIE between manufactured prefilled syringes (PFS), compounded syringes, and traditional vial preparation of syringes (VPS) for intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. Given outcome rarity, we included studies whose primary outcome was PIE incidence. From 20 observational studies (3,746 PIE events; 41,611,960 injections), the odds of PIE were significantly lower with PFS (OR: 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40-0.49) and compounded syringes (OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.64-0.74) compared to VPS. The odds of PIE were significantly lower with PFS compared to compounded syringes (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.58-0.72). The odds of culture-positive PIE were significantly lower with PFS than both VPS (OR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.06-0.41) and compounded syringes (OR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.05-0.44). No significant difference in culture-positive PIE was observed between VPS and compounded syringes (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.66-1.58). Low certainty evidence supports that PFS significantly reduce the rate of clinical and culture-positive PIE compared to VPS and compounded syringes. Future studies should further characterize the role of confounding.

最佳情况下，注射器填充技术可以降低注射后眼内炎（PIE）的风险，但眼科医生和司法管辖区对注射器填充实践存在很大差异。这项罕见事件的频率网络荟萃分析（PROSPERO: CRD42024555196）旨在比较用于玻璃体内抗血管内皮生长因子治疗的制造预充式注射器（PFS）、复合注射器和传统注射器小瓶制备（VPS）之间PIE的发生率。考虑到结果罕见，我们纳入了以PIE发生率为主要结果的研究。从20项观察性研究（3,746例PIE事件；41,611,960次注射）来看，与VPS相比，PFS （OR: 0.45, 95%可信区间[CI]: 0.40-0.49）和复合注射器（OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.64-0.74）的PIE发生率显著低于VPS。与复合注射器相比，PFS的PIE发生率显著降低（OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.58-0.72）。PFS组培养阳性PIE的几率显著低于VPS组（OR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.06-0.41）和复合注射器组（OR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.05-0.44）。VPS与复合注射器培养阳性PIE差异无统计学意义（OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.66 ~ 1.58）。低确定性证据支持，与VPS和复合注射器相比，PFS显著降低了临床和培养阳性PIE的发生率。未来的研究应进一步确定混杂的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Diagnostic accuracy of next generation sequencing-based genetic research for primary glaucoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis 下一代测序基因研究对原发性青光眼的诊断准确性：一项系统综述和荟萃分析。

IF 5.9 2区医学 Q1 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Survey of ophthalmology

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2025.09.023

Yong Liu , Di Gong , Kuanrong Dang , Junhong Guo , Zhichao Yan , Xiaoli Shen , Jiantao Wang

Our study aims to assess the utility of various next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies and explore their role in primary glaucoma genetic research. We conducted a systematic review as of January 19, 2025, using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, with study quality evaluated using the QUADAS-2 checklist. We assessed the diagnostic rates of various NGS technologies across different glaucoma subtypes. The study protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42024614663). We included 19 studies utilizing whole exome sequencing (WES), whole genome sequencing (WGS), and panel sequencing for assessing genetic features in primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), primary congenital glaucoma (PCG), primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and juvenile open-angle glaucoma (JOAG). The overall diagnostic rate of NGS technologies was 26.2 % (95 % CI: 15.9 %-36.5 %). WES showed superior performance in PCG (46.7 %), POAG (8.9 %), and JOAG (12.4 %), while panel sequencing achieved a higher rate in PACG (56.4 %). Subtype-specific genes included CYP1B1 in PCG, MYOC in JOAG, and WDR36 in POAG/PACG. Notably, all CYP1B1 gene variant loci are concentrated in 2 specific regions on chromosome 2. This study underscores the significance of NGS in primary glaucoma genetic research, advocating for subtype-specific sequencing strategies to facilitate precise diagnosis and treatment.

本研究旨在评估各种下一代测序（NGS）技术的实用性，并探讨其在原发性青光眼遗传研究中的作用。截至2025年1月19日，我们使用PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science进行了系统评价，并使用QUADAS-2检查表评估了研究质量。我们评估了不同NGS技术对不同青光眼亚型的诊断率。该研究方案已在国际前瞻性系统评价注册（PROSPERO: CRD42024614663）注册。我们纳入了19项研究，利用全外显子组测序（WES）、全基因组测序（WGS）和面板测序来评估原发性闭角型青光眼（PACG）、原发性先天性青光眼（PCG）、原发性开角型青光眼（POAG）和青少年开角型青光眼（JOAG）的遗传特征。NGS技术的总诊断率为26.2% （95% CI: 15.9% ~ 36.5%）。WES在PCG（46.7%）、POAG（8.9%）和JOAG（12.4%）中表现优异，而panel sequencing在PACG（56.4%）中表现优异。亚型特异性基因包括PCG中的CYP1B1， JOAG中的MYOC， POAG/PACG中的WDR36。值得注意的是，所有CYP1B1基因变异位点都集中在2号染色体上的两个特定区域。本研究强调了NGS在原发性青光眼遗传学研究中的重要意义，倡导针对亚型的测序策略，以促进精确诊断和治疗。

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引用次数: 0

Altered ocular surface microbiome in nasolacrimal duct obstruction: Clinical Implications for intraocular surgery. 鼻泪管阻塞时眼表微生物群的改变：眼内手术的临床意义。

IF 5.9 2区医学 Q1 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Survey of ophthalmology

Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2025.09.018

Bahram Eshraghi, Leila Babaei, Ali Aghajani

Nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) significantly alters the ocular surface microbiome, increasing bacterial load, polymicrobial colonization, and the presence of drug-resistant organisms. This microbial shift poses a serious risk for postoperative endophthalmitis following intraocular surgery. Patients with NLDO have up to a 100% conjunctival culture positivity rate, compared to 40% in normal eyes, with increased prevalence of pathogenic species such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Preoperative screening using the Regurgitation on Pressure over the Lacrimal Sac (ROPLAS) test is recommended for all patients undergoing intraocular surgery; however, its low sensitivity necessitates selective use of lacrimal irrigation in high-risk individuals. Definitive management with dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) reduces microbial burden, with normalization of flora typically occurring around 4 weeks postoperatively. In cases where DCR cannot be performed, alternative strategies such as topical/systemic antibiotics or dacryocystectomy may help mitigate infection risk. Even after successful DCR, ocular surface microbiome may resemble nasal microbiota, requiring continued vigilance during the perioperative period. These findings highlight the importance of identifying and managing NLDO before intraocular procedures to reduce the risk of vision-threatening complications.

鼻泪管阻塞（NLDO）显著改变眼表微生物组，增加细菌负荷、多微生物定植和耐药生物的存在。这种微生物转移对眼内手术后的眼内炎有严重的风险。NLDO患者的结膜培养阳性率高达100%，而正常眼睛的阳性率为40%，病原菌如铜绿假单胞菌和肺炎链球菌的患病率增加。建议所有接受眼内手术的患者术前使用泪囊压反流（ROPLAS）试验进行筛查；然而，由于其敏感性低，需要在高危人群中选择性使用泪道冲洗。泪囊鼻腔吻合术（DCR）的最终治疗减少了微生物负担，通常在术后4周左右出现菌群的正常化。在不能进行DCR的情况下，局部/全身抗生素或泪囊切除术等替代策略可能有助于减轻感染风险。即使在DCR成功后，眼表微生物群可能与鼻微生物群相似，在围手术期需要持续警惕。这些发现强调了在眼内手术前识别和处理NLDO的重要性，以减少视力威胁并发症的风险。

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引用次数: 0

Advancements in ocular blood flow imaging: Clinical applications of laser speckle flowgraphy and optical coherence tomography angiography in retinal and choroidal vascular diseases 眼血流成像的进展：激光散斑血流成像和光学相干断层血管成像在视网膜和脉络膜血管疾病中的临床应用。

IF 5.9 2区医学 Q1 OPHTHALMOLOGY

Survey of ophthalmology

Pub Date : 2025-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2025.09.016

Yi-Hsuan Tseng , Pei-Liang Wu , Eugene Yu-Chuan Kang MD , Kuan-Jen Chen MD , Po-Han Yeh MD , Ling Yeung MD , Ming-hui Sun MD, PhD , Nan-Kai Wang MD, PhD , Yih-Shiou Hwang MD, PhD , Chi-Chun Lai MD , Wei-Chi Wu MD, PhD

Ocular blood flow imaging techniques have become indispensable in current clinical practice because retinal vascular disturbances have been implicated in the pathophysiology of numerous ocular diseases. In this review, we explore the applications of laser Doppler flowmetry, laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG), and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), focusing on LSFG and OCTA. Each modality is discussed in detail, including its principles, key parameters, advantages, limitations, and common artifacts. We further evaluated their roles in several ocular diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, retinal artery occlusion, pathologic myopia, glaucoma, non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, and retinopathy of prematurity. Finally, we discuss emerging advancements such as neonatal imaging devices, ultrawide-field OCTA, and artificial intelligence integration in vascular analysis.

由于视网膜血管紊乱与许多眼部疾病的病理生理有关，因此眼血流成像技术在当前的临床实践中变得不可或缺。本文综述了激光多普勒血流测量、激光散斑血流成像（LSFG）和光学相干断层扫描血管成像（OCTA）在血管造影中的应用，重点介绍了LSFG和OCTA。详细讨论了每种模式，包括其原理、关键参数、优点、限制和常见工件。我们进一步评估了它们在几种眼部疾病中的作用，包括年龄相关性黄斑变性、息肉样脉络膜血管病变、糖尿病视网膜病变、视网膜静脉闭塞、视网膜动脉闭塞、病理性近视、青光眼、非动脉性前缺血性视神经病变和早产儿视网膜病变。最后，我们讨论了新兴的进展，如新生儿成像设备、超宽视场OCTA和血管分析中的人工智能集成。

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引用次数: 0