Phytosterols, which serve as structural components of biological membranes of plants, are the most abundant dietary supplement. To date, numerous studies have demonstrated that phytosterols can block cholesterol absorption sites in the human intestine, thus helping to reduce cholesterol absorption in humans. However, phytosterols standards are either not commercially available or very expensive, mainly because their structural complexity and diversity complicate their fractionation and isolation from plant extracts by conventional separation techniques. High-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) is based on continuous liquid-liquid partitioning, which enables one to eliminate irreversible adsorption on solid supports. This technique has been extensively used for natural product isolation. It is well suited to the effective large-scale separation of phytosterols and their derivatives, achieving high purities and yields of up to several hundred milligrams per run within several hours. The present study successfully used an effective HSCCC method to isolate and purify Ergosterol and Ergosterol peroxide from an edible and medicinal higher ascomycete mushroom, Xylaria striata. This method's optimal conditions are as follows: using n-hexane-ethylacetate-ethanol-water (3:1:2:0.8, v/v) as the two-phase solvent system; the rotation speed was set to 850 rpm (forward); the flow rate of the lower phase was 3mL/min. Ergosterol with 96% purity and Ergosterol peroxide with 97% purity were obtained. The chemical structures of these compounds were identified by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. In addition, the antimicrobial activities of these compounds for nine kinds of plant pathogens fungi are evaluated. Ergosterol exhibited excellent fungistatic activities against Valsa mali、Sclerotinia sclerotiorum、Fusarium graminearum, and Helninthosporiun maydwas. Ergosterol peroxide also exhibited strong antifungal activity against Helninthosporiun maydwas.
{"title":"Isolation and Purification of Ergosterol and Ergosterolperoxide from an Edible and Medicinal Higher Ascomycete Mushroom Xylaria striata by High-speed Countercurrent Chromatography","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/acmmj.02.04.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/acmmj.02.04.04","url":null,"abstract":"Phytosterols, which serve as structural components of biological membranes of plants, are the most abundant dietary supplement. To date, numerous studies have demonstrated that phytosterols can block cholesterol absorption sites in the human intestine, thus helping to reduce cholesterol absorption in humans. However, phytosterols standards are either not commercially available or very expensive, mainly because their structural complexity and diversity complicate their fractionation and isolation from plant extracts by conventional separation techniques. High-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) is based on continuous liquid-liquid partitioning, which enables one to eliminate irreversible adsorption on solid supports. This technique has been extensively used for natural product isolation. It is well suited to the effective large-scale separation of phytosterols and their derivatives, achieving high purities and yields of up to several hundred milligrams per run within several hours. The present study successfully used an effective HSCCC method to isolate and purify Ergosterol and Ergosterol peroxide from an edible and medicinal higher ascomycete mushroom, Xylaria striata. This method's optimal conditions are as follows: using n-hexane-ethylacetate-ethanol-water (3:1:2:0.8, v/v) as the two-phase solvent system; the rotation speed was set to 850 rpm (forward); the flow rate of the lower phase was 3mL/min. Ergosterol with 96% purity and Ergosterol peroxide with 97% purity were obtained. The chemical structures of these compounds were identified by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. In addition, the antimicrobial activities of these compounds for nine kinds of plant pathogens fungi are evaluated. Ergosterol exhibited excellent fungistatic activities against Valsa mali、Sclerotinia sclerotiorum、Fusarium graminearum, and Helninthosporiun maydwas. Ergosterol peroxide also exhibited strong antifungal activity against Helninthosporiun maydwas.","PeriodicalId":221473,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical and Medical Microbiology","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139276338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Schistosomiasis is endemic in 74 tropical developing countries. The patients who visited Agalometi Woreda Health Centre from 2015 to 2019 were included in the study to determine the prevalence of schistosomiasis disease among those over the age of 4. Data were gathered and analyzed from the recorded document. Finally, tables and percentages were used to display the outcome. In 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019 correspondingly, the total population affected with schistosomiasis was 450,534, 632, 636, and 597. The overall prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni was 11.27%. The prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection among males and females was 11.81% and 10.79%, respectively. The prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection among different age groups ranged from 0.09% in≥ 30 years to 81.25% in 10-14 years. It can be concluded that Schistosoma mansoni is one of the etiologies of schistosomiasis that causes anemia both in adults and children. It signifies the fact that the age groups 10-14 and 15-19 years are the highest risk groups in the Agalometi woreda and serve as sources of infection and transmission. The youngest age group in the population should be the focus of any efforts to control schistosomiasis in the region.
{"title":"Prevalence of Schistosomiasis in Agalomiti Worda Benishangul Gumuz Regional State (A Five-Year Retrospective Study in 2015-2019)","authors":"A. Getu","doi":"10.33140/acmmj.02.04.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/acmmj.02.04.02","url":null,"abstract":"Schistosomiasis is endemic in 74 tropical developing countries. The patients who visited Agalometi Woreda Health Centre from 2015 to 2019 were included in the study to determine the prevalence of schistosomiasis disease among those over the age of 4. Data were gathered and analyzed from the recorded document. Finally, tables and percentages were used to display the outcome. In 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019 correspondingly, the total population affected with schistosomiasis was 450,534, 632, 636, and 597. The overall prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni was 11.27%. The prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection among males and females was 11.81% and 10.79%, respectively. The prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection among different age groups ranged from 0.09% in≥ 30 years to 81.25% in 10-14 years. It can be concluded that Schistosoma mansoni is one of the etiologies of schistosomiasis that causes anemia both in adults and children. It signifies the fact that the age groups 10-14 and 15-19 years are the highest risk groups in the Agalometi woreda and serve as sources of infection and transmission. The youngest age group in the population should be the focus of any efforts to control schistosomiasis in the region.","PeriodicalId":221473,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical and Medical Microbiology","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139322095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a type of Gram-positive bacterium that is genetically different from other strains of Staphylococcus aureus by virtue its capability to overcome the actions of methicillin and many other antibiotics making it difficult to treat. MRSA development is as the result of the triggering of the resistance gene, mecA, which react by inhibition of the β-lactams from rendering inactive transpeptidases indispensable in cell wall synthesis. MRSA is one of the known major hospital acquired bacteria that causes severe ill health and mortality world over. The global prevalence of MRSA isolated in swabs samples differs from health care facility to another in various countries, with high rates ranging from 32–52% as reported in low resource settings in the developing countries. In Kabale Regional Referral hospital(KRRH), the prevalence of MRSA stands at 54% among isolates from wound swabs on surgical ward according to studies conducted by Andrew et al., 2016. However, there is hardly any known information of the prevalence of MRSA in nasal swabs of Health care workers (HCWS), patients and patients’ caretakers in KRRH Uganda. This study aimed at ascertaining to the prevalence of nasal carriage of MRSA among HCWs, patients and patients’ caretakers at KRRH. Methods A grand total of 382 samples were collected from the several HCWs, patients and patients’ caretakers in different wards of KRRH in Kabale District. The nasal swab specimens were inoculated and cultivated on Mannitol salt agar at 37°C for 24 hours and the colonies subjected to Gram staining, Catalase, Coagulase test reactions and confirmed as S. aureus bacteria on DNase testing agar. Identification for MRSA was performed using the Cefoxitin (30μg) disc on Mueller Hinton agar medium by disc diffusion technique, antibiotic sensitivity testing was conducted using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller–Hinton agar (MHA) and results were interpreted in accordance with Clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) 2020 guidelines. S. aureus mecA and pvl genes were identified and subsequently detected by PCR amplification assay using gene-specific primer pairs to confirm MRSA. Results Out of 382 study participants, 130 participants had MRSA identified phenotypically out of which, 115 of the participants, had MRSA as confirmed by the mec A gene. Generally, the prevalence of nasal carriage of MRSA in Kabale Regional Referral Hospital was found out to be 30.1%. It was found to be 31.49% in patients, 29.7% in HCWs, and 28% among patients’ caretakers. MRSA was highly sensitive/Susceptible to Ceftaroline, Clindamycin, Ciprofloxacin, Linezolid, Chloramphenicol and Tetracycline. Conclusion Generally, the prevalence of nasal carriage of MRSA in the study area was found to be 30.1% and 31.49% in patients, 29.7% in HCWs, and 28% among patients’ caretakers. The highest nasal carriage rate of MRSA was found in patients (31.49%). MRSA was more commo
{"title":"Prevalence of Nasal Carriage of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Among Patients, Health Care Workers and Patients’ Care Takers at Kabale Regional Referral Hospital, South Western Uganda","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/acmmj.02.04.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/acmmj.02.04.01","url":null,"abstract":"Background Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a type of Gram-positive bacterium that is genetically different from other strains of Staphylococcus aureus by virtue its capability to overcome the actions of methicillin and many other antibiotics making it difficult to treat. MRSA development is as the result of the triggering of the resistance gene, mecA, which react by inhibition of the β-lactams from rendering inactive transpeptidases indispensable in cell wall synthesis. MRSA is one of the known major hospital acquired bacteria that causes severe ill health and mortality world over. The global prevalence of MRSA isolated in swabs samples differs from health care facility to another in various countries, with high rates ranging from 32–52% as reported in low resource settings in the developing countries. In Kabale Regional Referral hospital(KRRH), the prevalence of MRSA stands at 54% among isolates from wound swabs on surgical ward according to studies conducted by Andrew et al., 2016. However, there is hardly any known information of the prevalence of MRSA in nasal swabs of Health care workers (HCWS), patients and patients’ caretakers in KRRH Uganda. This study aimed at ascertaining to the prevalence of nasal carriage of MRSA among HCWs, patients and patients’ caretakers at KRRH. Methods A grand total of 382 samples were collected from the several HCWs, patients and patients’ caretakers in different wards of KRRH in Kabale District. The nasal swab specimens were inoculated and cultivated on Mannitol salt agar at 37°C for 24 hours and the colonies subjected to Gram staining, Catalase, Coagulase test reactions and confirmed as S. aureus bacteria on DNase testing agar. Identification for MRSA was performed using the Cefoxitin (30μg) disc on Mueller Hinton agar medium by disc diffusion technique, antibiotic sensitivity testing was conducted using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller–Hinton agar (MHA) and results were interpreted in accordance with Clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) 2020 guidelines. S. aureus mecA and pvl genes were identified and subsequently detected by PCR amplification assay using gene-specific primer pairs to confirm MRSA. Results Out of 382 study participants, 130 participants had MRSA identified phenotypically out of which, 115 of the participants, had MRSA as confirmed by the mec A gene. Generally, the prevalence of nasal carriage of MRSA in Kabale Regional Referral Hospital was found out to be 30.1%. It was found to be 31.49% in patients, 29.7% in HCWs, and 28% among patients’ caretakers. MRSA was highly sensitive/Susceptible to Ceftaroline, Clindamycin, Ciprofloxacin, Linezolid, Chloramphenicol and Tetracycline. Conclusion Generally, the prevalence of nasal carriage of MRSA in the study area was found to be 30.1% and 31.49% in patients, 29.7% in HCWs, and 28% among patients’ caretakers. The highest nasal carriage rate of MRSA was found in patients (31.49%). MRSA was more commo","PeriodicalId":221473,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical and Medical Microbiology","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139323463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The prevalence of hypertension complications significantly surging from time to time. The patients are suffering from compromised quality of life, permanent disability, and premature death in developing countries. The question of why this gap? hasn’t got a clear response yet. Method: An institutional-based retrospective cross-sectional study designed from patient medical record data was used to assess compliance with hypertension management guidelines. Medical records of adult Patients treated for hypertension from March 2019 to March 2020 were reviewed. Systematic sampling technique from patients’ medical records every 10th interval was taken to reach the total sample size. The collected data were checked for completeness, consistency, and accuracy before analysis. Data were coded, entered, and cleaned using Epi-data 7 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Results: A total of 384 hypertension cases were taken from 2356 cases. Overall compliance with the hypertension guideline was found to be poor; only 75(19.5%) patients managed to follow the guideline in these institutions. The majority complied with the pharmacological Antihypertensive treatment protocols for 238(62.0%) patients, while for 146(38.0%) of the patients the guideline was not followed. Combining the lifestyle modification recommendations and pharmacological antihypertensive treatment to assess compliance with the hypertension management guideline, only 75(19.5%) patients managed as per the guideline, while 309(80.5%) did not. Conclusion: Nearly more than two-thirds of the patients were not managed following the national hypertension guideline, and failing to recommend lifestyle modifications implies, as a result, the majority of the hypertensive patients are being exposed to complications and the need of urgent intervention by the stakeholders against the gap.
{"title":"Compliance With Guidelines of Hypertension Management, and Associated Factors; A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study Conducted Among the Healthcare Workers","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/acmmj.02.03.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/acmmj.02.03.03","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The prevalence of hypertension complications significantly surging from time to time. The patients are suffering from compromised quality of life, permanent disability, and premature death in developing countries. The question of why this gap? hasn’t got a clear response yet. Method: An institutional-based retrospective cross-sectional study designed from patient medical record data was used to assess compliance with hypertension management guidelines. Medical records of adult Patients treated for hypertension from March 2019 to March 2020 were reviewed. Systematic sampling technique from patients’ medical records every 10th interval was taken to reach the total sample size. The collected data were checked for completeness, consistency, and accuracy before analysis. Data were coded, entered, and cleaned using Epi-data 7 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Results: A total of 384 hypertension cases were taken from 2356 cases. Overall compliance with the hypertension guideline was found to be poor; only 75(19.5%) patients managed to follow the guideline in these institutions. The majority complied with the pharmacological Antihypertensive treatment protocols for 238(62.0%) patients, while for 146(38.0%) of the patients the guideline was not followed. Combining the lifestyle modification recommendations and pharmacological antihypertensive treatment to assess compliance with the hypertension management guideline, only 75(19.5%) patients managed as per the guideline, while 309(80.5%) did not. Conclusion: Nearly more than two-thirds of the patients were not managed following the national hypertension guideline, and failing to recommend lifestyle modifications implies, as a result, the majority of the hypertensive patients are being exposed to complications and the need of urgent intervention by the stakeholders against the gap.","PeriodicalId":221473,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical and Medical Microbiology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132590398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Researc H Article, Rico Mayaguez Lakshmi, N. Sridhar, L. Sridhar
Rigorous multiobjective nonlinear model predictive control on the diabetes model incorporating single and multiple control strategies. The amount of glucose is minimized with the Bergman model considering the effects of insulin and exercise. The optimization language pyomo is used in conjunction with the state-of-the-art global optimization solvers IPOPT and Baron. Pareto surfaces are generated. When some optimal control profiles were found to exhibit sharp spikes, an activation factor involving the hyperbolic tangent function was used. It is observed that a greater amount of glucose minimization is achieved when more control procedures were incorporated. This demonstrates that it is more beneficial to use multiple control strategies
{"title":"Multi Objective Nonlinear Model Predictive Control of Diabetes Models Considering the Effects of Insulin and Exercise","authors":"Researc H Article, Rico Mayaguez Lakshmi, N. Sridhar, L. Sridhar","doi":"10.33140/acmmj.02.03.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/acmmj.02.03.02","url":null,"abstract":"Rigorous multiobjective nonlinear model predictive control on the diabetes model incorporating single and multiple control strategies. The amount of glucose is minimized with the Bergman model considering the effects of insulin and exercise. The optimization language pyomo is used in conjunction with the state-of-the-art global optimization solvers IPOPT and Baron. Pareto surfaces are generated. When some optimal control profiles were found to exhibit sharp spikes, an activation factor involving the hyperbolic tangent function was used. It is observed that a greater amount of glucose minimization is achieved when more control procedures were incorporated. This demonstrates that it is more beneficial to use multiple control strategies","PeriodicalId":221473,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical and Medical Microbiology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114864645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A rigorous multiobjective nonlinear model predictive control is performed on the microbiome dynamic model that takes into account competition, amensalism, parasitism, neutralism, commensalism and cooperation. The optimization language pyomo is used in conjunction with the state of the art global optimization solver BARON. It is demonstrated that when the species that produces the required product is favorable to the other species there is an initial decrease in the required product before an increase happens.
{"title":"Multiobjective Nonlinear Model Predictive Control of the Microbial Process","authors":"N. Sridhar, L. Sridhar","doi":"10.33140/acmmj.02.02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/acmmj.02.02.04","url":null,"abstract":"A rigorous multiobjective nonlinear model predictive control is performed on the microbiome dynamic model that takes into account competition, amensalism, parasitism, neutralism, commensalism and cooperation. The optimization language pyomo is used in conjunction with the state of the art global optimization solver BARON. It is demonstrated that when the species that produces the required product is favorable to the other species there is an initial decrease in the required product before an increase happens.","PeriodicalId":221473,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical and Medical Microbiology","volume":"557 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123068160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: The present study was done with the aim of investigating maternal and neonatal outcomes following COVID-19 vaccination in Pregnancy. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 1645 pregnant women (685 COVID-19 vaccinated during pregnancy and 960 non- vaccinated). The study was conducted in the public hospitals of Kerman, located in southeastern of Iran, from January to March ,2022. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were measured by interview and observation during labor, delivery and postpartum. Results and Discussions: All vaccinated women had received the Sinopharm vaccine The mean birth weight of the neonates was 2778.9 ± 877.9 grams in the vaccinated and 2827± 843.6 grams in the non-vaccinated group. The first minute Apgar score was 8.05 ± 1.89 in the vaccinated and 8.15 ± 2.05 in the non-vaccinated group. The risk of maternal morbidities was not significantly different in two groups (p>0.001). Only the risk of NICU admission was higher in vaccinated women than in non-vaccinated women (OR=3.39, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Since serious complications associated with receiving COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy were not observed in the present study, and COVID-19 can have serious and fatal effects during pregnancy, it seems reasonable to recommend vaccination during pregnancy to prevent the potential risk posed by COVID-19.
目的:本研究旨在调查妊娠期接种COVID-19疫苗后的孕产妇和新生儿结局。材料与方法:本研究对1645名孕妇进行了横断面研究，其中孕期接种COVID-19疫苗685例，未接种疫苗960例。该研究于2022年1月至3月在伊朗东南部克尔曼的公立医院进行。通过分娩、分娩和产后的访谈和观察来测量产妇和新生儿的结局。结果与讨论:接种疫苗的妇女均接种了国药疫苗，接种组新生儿平均出生体重为2778.9±877.9 g，未接种组新生儿平均出生体重为2827±843.6 g。接种组首分钟Apgar评分为8.05±1.89，未接种组首分钟Apgar评分为8.15±2.05。两组产妇发病风险无显著差异(p < 0.001)。只有接种疫苗的妇女入院NICU的风险高于未接种疫苗的妇女(OR=3.39, P < 0.001)。结论:本研究未观察到妊娠期接种COVID-19疫苗相关的严重并发症，且COVID-19在妊娠期可能产生严重和致命的影响，因此建议妊娠期接种疫苗以预防COVID-19带来的潜在风险似乎是合理的。
{"title":"Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes Following COVID-19 Vaccination in Pregnancy","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/acmmj.02.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/acmmj.02.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The present study was done with the aim of investigating maternal and neonatal outcomes following COVID-19 vaccination in Pregnancy. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 1645 pregnant women (685 COVID-19 vaccinated during pregnancy and 960 non- vaccinated). The study was conducted in the public hospitals of Kerman, located in southeastern of Iran, from January to March ,2022. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were measured by interview and observation during labor, delivery and postpartum. Results and Discussions: All vaccinated women had received the Sinopharm vaccine The mean birth weight of the neonates was 2778.9 ± 877.9 grams in the vaccinated and 2827± 843.6 grams in the non-vaccinated group. The first minute Apgar score was 8.05 ± 1.89 in the vaccinated and 8.15 ± 2.05 in the non-vaccinated group. The risk of maternal morbidities was not significantly different in two groups (p>0.001). Only the risk of NICU admission was higher in vaccinated women than in non-vaccinated women (OR=3.39, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Since serious complications associated with receiving COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy were not observed in the present study, and COVID-19 can have serious and fatal effects during pregnancy, it seems reasonable to recommend vaccination during pregnancy to prevent the potential risk posed by COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":221473,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical and Medical Microbiology","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127435508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Edwardsiellosis is a serious systemic bacterial disease of Edwardsiella tarda which is known for causing diseases in humans, reptiles, amphibians, marine mammals and other warm-blooded animals. E. tarda is the most important diseases causing bacteria that leade to severe economic losses in fish farms of many countries due to its admirable effects on a variety of fish taxa including carp, tilapia, eel, catfish, mullet, salmon, trout and flounder. This study aimed on isolation and identification of E. tarda from the fishes (Catfish and Tilapia) of Lake Haramaya. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted from December 2021 to May 2022 to estimate the occurrence and distribution of Edwardsiella tarda from the kidney, spleen, liver and intestine of apparently healthy fish in the Lake Haramaya, Eastern Ethiopia. From a total 384 of swab and tissue samples were randomly taken from the kidney, liver, spleen and intestine of 96 apparently healthy fish (Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus) originating from Lake Haramaya, 18 showing similar colony and biochemical characteristics to E. tarda were isolated and identified. Results: Distribution of E. tarda infection among the four organs examined indicated that E. tarda was isolated most frequently from intestine 10 (10.4%) followed by liver 4 (4.2%) then kidney 2 (2.1%) and spleen 2 (2.1%) with statistically significant difference (P<0.05) among organs. E. tarda was isolated more frequently from males 12 (26.7%) than females 6 (11.8%) and differences in the occurrence of E. tarda infection with respect to sex was not significant (P>0.05) indicating that both sexes are equally susceptible. Concerning fish species E. tarda is more frequently isolated from Catfish than tilapia with no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion: The recovery of E. tarda from Lake Haramaya, which is potentially pathogenic to humans, from the organs and alimentary tracts of fish suggests that fish either improperly handled, undercooked or consumed raw may cause Edwardsiellosis in susceptible individuals and potential threat to both fishery sector/aquaculture. There is limited knowledge of E. tarda infection in fish and humans in the area and hence further awareness to have information on the agent is forwarded.
{"title":"Isolation and Identification of Edwardsiella Tarda from Fish in Haramaya Lake, East Hararghe Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia","authors":"Nuredin Abdurezak, Balisa Yusuf, Leykun Lulseged","doi":"10.33140/acmmj.02.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/acmmj.02.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Edwardsiellosis is a serious systemic bacterial disease of Edwardsiella tarda which is known for causing diseases in humans, reptiles, amphibians, marine mammals and other warm-blooded animals. E. tarda is the most important diseases causing bacteria that leade to severe economic losses in fish farms of many countries due to its admirable effects on a variety of fish taxa including carp, tilapia, eel, catfish, mullet, salmon, trout and flounder. This study aimed on isolation and identification of E. tarda from the fishes (Catfish and Tilapia) of Lake Haramaya. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted from December 2021 to May 2022 to estimate the occurrence and distribution of Edwardsiella tarda from the kidney, spleen, liver and intestine of apparently healthy fish in the Lake Haramaya, Eastern Ethiopia. From a total 384 of swab and tissue samples were randomly taken from the kidney, liver, spleen and intestine of 96 apparently healthy fish (Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus) originating from Lake Haramaya, 18 showing similar colony and biochemical characteristics to E. tarda were isolated and identified. Results: Distribution of E. tarda infection among the four organs examined indicated that E. tarda was isolated most frequently from intestine 10 (10.4%) followed by liver 4 (4.2%) then kidney 2 (2.1%) and spleen 2 (2.1%) with statistically significant difference (P<0.05) among organs. E. tarda was isolated more frequently from males 12 (26.7%) than females 6 (11.8%) and differences in the occurrence of E. tarda infection with respect to sex was not significant (P>0.05) indicating that both sexes are equally susceptible. Concerning fish species E. tarda is more frequently isolated from Catfish than tilapia with no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion: The recovery of E. tarda from Lake Haramaya, which is potentially pathogenic to humans, from the organs and alimentary tracts of fish suggests that fish either improperly handled, undercooked or consumed raw may cause Edwardsiellosis in susceptible individuals and potential threat to both fishery sector/aquaculture. There is limited knowledge of E. tarda infection in fish and humans in the area and hence further awareness to have information on the agent is forwarded.","PeriodicalId":221473,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical and Medical Microbiology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126606579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarita Rizal, Neetu Amatya, G. Dhungana, B. Saud, Kajal Chand, G. Paudel, V. Shrestha
Contaminated milk is responsible for mild to life threatening disease in humans. This study was aimed to access the microbiological contaminants present in milk samples collected from different sites in Kathmandu. A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and July 2019. A total of 90 milk samples were collected (30 farm milk, 30 dairy milk and 30 pasteurized packaged milk) from local farms and outlets. All the collected samples were processed for bacterial and fungal growth in standard in-vitro conditions. Identification was done via colony characteristics, biochemical tests and staining property. Identified bacterial isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility. Out of 90 samples, 41.1% were contaminated with bacteria and 46.6% showed fungal growth. Overall prevalence of S.aureus and E.coli was 26.6% and 14.4% respectively. 25.0% of the S.aureus isolates were methicillin-resistant. In addition, the prevalence of Aspergillus spp. was 26.6% and Penicillium spp. was 20.0%.The highest mean bacterial (279.13 x10 cfu/ml) and coliform count (175.53x10 cfu/ml) was recorded in dairy milk. Also, six samples showed polymicrobal growth. In conclusion, dairy milk samples are highly contaminated than farm and pasteurized packaged milk.
{"title":"Prevalence of Microbiological Contaminants in Milk Samples in Kathmandu, Nepal","authors":"Sarita Rizal, Neetu Amatya, G. Dhungana, B. Saud, Kajal Chand, G. Paudel, V. Shrestha","doi":"10.33140/acmmj.02.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/acmmj.02.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"Contaminated milk is responsible for mild to life threatening disease in humans. This study was aimed to access the microbiological contaminants present in milk samples collected from different sites in Kathmandu. A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and July 2019. A total of 90 milk samples were collected (30 farm milk, 30 dairy milk and 30 pasteurized packaged milk) from local farms and outlets. All the collected samples were processed for bacterial and fungal growth in standard in-vitro conditions. Identification was done via colony characteristics, biochemical tests and staining property. Identified bacterial isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility. Out of 90 samples, 41.1% were contaminated with bacteria and 46.6% showed fungal growth. Overall prevalence of S.aureus and E.coli was 26.6% and 14.4% respectively. 25.0% of the S.aureus isolates were methicillin-resistant. In addition, the prevalence of Aspergillus spp. was 26.6% and Penicillium spp. was 20.0%.The highest mean bacterial (279.13 x10 cfu/ml) and coliform count (175.53x10 cfu/ml) was recorded in dairy milk. Also, six samples showed polymicrobal growth. In conclusion, dairy milk samples are highly contaminated than farm and pasteurized packaged milk.","PeriodicalId":221473,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical and Medical Microbiology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133706448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Diabetes is one of the most important and complicated diseases that requires serious follow-up and control. Non-occupational and occupational risk factors are known but need more investigation. With regard to the limited research on this subject, the goal of this study is to determine the effects of occupational exposure to Chromium and Vanadium on diabetes. Methods: This case-control study was performed from 1997-98 and 100 carpenters and mechanics living in Khomein (50 people in each group) were examined in an unlikely and easy way. The information on the studied units was recorded using a questionnaire. in addition to the questions mentioned in the questionnaire, blood pressure, height, weight, and waist circumference were measured in one turn. HbA1C, BS2hpp, and FBS tests were also requested for each subject and finally, the data were analyzed by Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and independent t-test. Findings: In the present study, the comparison of fasting blood sugar levels of mechanics and carpenters did not show a statistically significant difference according to the mean numbers and standard deviations, except for the variable duration of employment per day (p = 0.003(. Findings suggest that there is no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence or non-incidence of diabetes ( p=0.065). Discussion and conclusion: The results show that job confrontation with chromium and vanadium did not have a statistically significant difference in the development of diabetes. However, annual examinations and tests are recommended to identify patients early and prevent disorders
{"title":"Investigating the Effects of Occupational Exposure to Chromium and Vanadium on Diabetes","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/acmmj.02.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/acmmj.02.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Diabetes is one of the most important and complicated diseases that requires serious follow-up and control. Non-occupational and occupational risk factors are known but need more investigation. With regard to the limited research on this subject, the goal of this study is to determine the effects of occupational exposure to Chromium and Vanadium on diabetes. Methods: This case-control study was performed from 1997-98 and 100 carpenters and mechanics living in Khomein (50 people in each group) were examined in an unlikely and easy way. The information on the studied units was recorded using a questionnaire. in addition to the questions mentioned in the questionnaire, blood pressure, height, weight, and waist circumference were measured in one turn. HbA1C, BS2hpp, and FBS tests were also requested for each subject and finally, the data were analyzed by Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and independent t-test. Findings: In the present study, the comparison of fasting blood sugar levels of mechanics and carpenters did not show a statistically significant difference according to the mean numbers and standard deviations, except for the variable duration of employment per day (p = 0.003(. Findings suggest that there is no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence or non-incidence of diabetes ( p=0.065). Discussion and conclusion: The results show that job confrontation with chromium and vanadium did not have a statistically significant difference in the development of diabetes. However, annual examinations and tests are recommended to identify patients early and prevent disorders","PeriodicalId":221473,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical and Medical Microbiology","volume":"430 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133982676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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