Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.1109/DySPAN.2017.7920775
Yusaku Yamashita, H. Ochiai
In order to assist dynamic spectrum access in the cognitive radio framework, a precise real-time identification of the signals sent by either the primary or secondary users should be necessary. Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signals with and without DFT precoding are commonly adopted in the recent wireless communications standards. Therefore, the accurate classification of such candidate signals would help detecting whether the user occupying the channel is primary or secondary, under the assumption that they use different signal formats. This paper proposes a symbol-by-symbol detector with significantly low complexity and low latency based on the use of high-order moments of their baseband signals. By making use of both time and frequency domain signal representations, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated.
{"title":"A classification of OFDM signals with or without DFT precoding based on high-order moment","authors":"Yusaku Yamashita, H. Ochiai","doi":"10.1109/DySPAN.2017.7920775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DySPAN.2017.7920775","url":null,"abstract":"In order to assist dynamic spectrum access in the cognitive radio framework, a precise real-time identification of the signals sent by either the primary or secondary users should be necessary. Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signals with and without DFT precoding are commonly adopted in the recent wireless communications standards. Therefore, the accurate classification of such candidate signals would help detecting whether the user occupying the channel is primary or secondary, under the assumption that they use different signal formats. This paper proposes a symbol-by-symbol detector with significantly low complexity and low latency based on the use of high-order moments of their baseband signals. By making use of both time and frequency domain signal representations, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":221877,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134393460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.1109/DySPAN.2017.7920780
P. Amirshahi, Steven Grippando
With the exploding popularity of all things wireless, the radio spectrum has become a scarce commodity. Consequently, spectrum sharing, as a means to enhance efficiency in spectrum use has become closer from theory to practice. However, there are several challenges that need to be addressed before spectrum sharing becomes reality. One of the challenges of this sharing scheme is how we monitor the spectrum of the incumbent user for potential radio frequency interference and subsequently, how we do enforcing, and implementing of spectrum access policies. In this work we are trying to address the challenges of spectrum monitoring as it was evidenced in practice. Since such efforts of spectrum sharing have been very few in practice, our observations can provide guidance for future development of spectrum monitoring and policy making.
{"title":"Radio frequency interference monitoring system for weather satellite ground stations: Challenges and opportunities","authors":"P. Amirshahi, Steven Grippando","doi":"10.1109/DySPAN.2017.7920780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DySPAN.2017.7920780","url":null,"abstract":"With the exploding popularity of all things wireless, the radio spectrum has become a scarce commodity. Consequently, spectrum sharing, as a means to enhance efficiency in spectrum use has become closer from theory to practice. However, there are several challenges that need to be addressed before spectrum sharing becomes reality. One of the challenges of this sharing scheme is how we monitor the spectrum of the incumbent user for potential radio frequency interference and subsequently, how we do enforcing, and implementing of spectrum access policies. In this work we are trying to address the challenges of spectrum monitoring as it was evidenced in practice. Since such efforts of spectrum sharing have been very few in practice, our observations can provide guidance for future development of spectrum monitoring and policy making.","PeriodicalId":221877,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117271723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.1109/DySPAN.2017.7920771
Xuhang Ying, M. Buddhikot, Sumit Roy
The paradigm of shared spectrum allows secondary devices to opportunistically access spectrum bands underutilized by primary owners. As the first step, the FCC targeted sharing the 3.5 GHz (3550–3700 MHz) federal spectrum with commercial systems. The proposed rules require a Spectrum Access System to implement a three-tiered spectrum management framework, and one of its key functions is dynamic channel allocation (CA) for secondary devices. In this paper, we introduce coexistence-aware radio-channel-pair conflict graphs to capture pairwise interference, spatial channel availability variations, channel contiguity, and coexistence opportunities. We develop a super-radio formation algorithm to identify valid super-radios, i.e., a set of radios that can coexist on the same channel(s) via WiFi-like carrier-sensing mechanisms. With the proposed generic graph representation, we formulate CA as conflict-free max-demand CA with a min-demand constraint, and develop algorithms based on maximum weighted independent set. Preliminary results demonstrate good performance of proposed algorithms and benefits of coexistence.
{"title":"Coexistence-aware dynamic channel allocation for 3.5 GHz shared spectrum systems","authors":"Xuhang Ying, M. Buddhikot, Sumit Roy","doi":"10.1109/DySPAN.2017.7920771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DySPAN.2017.7920771","url":null,"abstract":"The paradigm of shared spectrum allows secondary devices to opportunistically access spectrum bands underutilized by primary owners. As the first step, the FCC targeted sharing the 3.5 GHz (3550–3700 MHz) federal spectrum with commercial systems. The proposed rules require a Spectrum Access System to implement a three-tiered spectrum management framework, and one of its key functions is dynamic channel allocation (CA) for secondary devices. In this paper, we introduce coexistence-aware radio-channel-pair conflict graphs to capture pairwise interference, spatial channel availability variations, channel contiguity, and coexistence opportunities. We develop a super-radio formation algorithm to identify valid super-radios, i.e., a set of radios that can coexist on the same channel(s) via WiFi-like carrier-sensing mechanisms. With the proposed generic graph representation, we formulate CA as conflict-free max-demand CA with a min-demand constraint, and develop algorithms based on maximum weighted independent set. Preliminary results demonstrate good performance of proposed algorithms and benefits of coexistence.","PeriodicalId":221877,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127065849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.1109/DySPAN.2017.7920770
Azza Ben Mosbah, Timothy A. Hall, M. Souryal, H. Afifi
In spectrum sharing, incumbents with sensitive parameters require full protection of their operations. The incumbent's protection includes the protection of its privacy (e.g., operational frequency) against inference attacks carried out by malicious authorized secondary users. In this paper, we develop an analytical model to analyze the vulnerability of the incumbent's frequency to inference attacks and validate it by simulation. Specifically, we study random and ordered channel assignment schemes and compare results for both schemes.
{"title":"An analytical model for inference attacks on the incumbent's frequency in spectrum sharing","authors":"Azza Ben Mosbah, Timothy A. Hall, M. Souryal, H. Afifi","doi":"10.1109/DySPAN.2017.7920770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DySPAN.2017.7920770","url":null,"abstract":"In spectrum sharing, incumbents with sensitive parameters require full protection of their operations. The incumbent's protection includes the protection of its privacy (e.g., operational frequency) against inference attacks carried out by malicious authorized secondary users. In this paper, we develop an analytical model to analyze the vulnerability of the incumbent's frequency to inference attacks and validate it by simulation. Specifically, we study random and ordered channel assignment schemes and compare results for both schemes.","PeriodicalId":221877,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132348524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.1109/DySPAN.2017.7920781
Andra M. Voicu, L. Simić, J. P. D. Vries, M. Petrova, P. Mähönen
Effective interference evaluation methods are crucial when making regulatory decisions about whether new wireless technologies should be allowed to operate. Such decisions are highly relevant for both DSA technologies in licensed bands and for technologies coexisting in unlicensed bands. In this paper we demonstrate the benefit of risk-informed interference assessment as an effective method that aids spectrum regulators in making decisions, and readily conveys engineering insight. We apply risk assessment to a Wi-Fi/LTE coexistence study in the 5 GHz unlicensed band. Our contributions are: (i) we apply, for the first time, risk assessment to a real-life problem of inter-technology spectrum sharing; and (ii) we demonstrate that risk assessment comprehensively quantifies the effect of interference in an intuitive manner. We perform extensive Monte Carlo simulations and we consider throughput degradation and fairness metrics to assess the risk of co- and adjacent channel interference for different network densities, numbers of available channels, and deployment scenarios. Our risk assessment results show that no regulatory intervention is needed to ensure harmonious technical coexistence between Wi-Fi/LTE in the unlicensed band. As an engineering insight, Wi-Fi coexists better with itself in locally dense deployments, but better with LTE in sparse deployments. For the large number of available channels typically expected in practice in the 5 GHz band, the risk of interference for Wi-Fi coexisting with LTE is negligible, rendering policy and engineering concerns largely moot.
{"title":"Analysing Wi-Fi/LTE coexistence to demonstrate the value of risk-informed interference assessment","authors":"Andra M. Voicu, L. Simić, J. P. D. Vries, M. Petrova, P. Mähönen","doi":"10.1109/DySPAN.2017.7920781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DySPAN.2017.7920781","url":null,"abstract":"Effective interference evaluation methods are crucial when making regulatory decisions about whether new wireless technologies should be allowed to operate. Such decisions are highly relevant for both DSA technologies in licensed bands and for technologies coexisting in unlicensed bands. In this paper we demonstrate the benefit of risk-informed interference assessment as an effective method that aids spectrum regulators in making decisions, and readily conveys engineering insight. We apply risk assessment to a Wi-Fi/LTE coexistence study in the 5 GHz unlicensed band. Our contributions are: (i) we apply, for the first time, risk assessment to a real-life problem of inter-technology spectrum sharing; and (ii) we demonstrate that risk assessment comprehensively quantifies the effect of interference in an intuitive manner. We perform extensive Monte Carlo simulations and we consider throughput degradation and fairness metrics to assess the risk of co- and adjacent channel interference for different network densities, numbers of available channels, and deployment scenarios. Our risk assessment results show that no regulatory intervention is needed to ensure harmonious technical coexistence between Wi-Fi/LTE in the unlicensed band. As an engineering insight, Wi-Fi coexists better with itself in locally dense deployments, but better with LTE in sparse deployments. For the large number of available channels typically expected in practice in the 5 GHz band, the risk of interference for Wi-Fi coexisting with LTE is negligible, rendering policy and engineering concerns largely moot.","PeriodicalId":221877,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129123019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.1109/DySPAN.2017.7920791
Chang Liu, Sihua Fu, R. Berry
Sharing spectrum is a promising approach for expanding wireless access and increasing competition among wireless service providers. Indeed, this is a key motivation behind the recent regulations such as those for the 3.5 GHz band in the U.S. However, meeting this promise requires that service providers (SPs) have the incentives to invest in technology to be deployed in shared bands. This is not a forgone conclusion. Indeed by lowering entry barriers, sharing can promote more competition, but this also lowers revenue, making investment less attractive. In this paper, we study such scenarios for band of spectrum that is shared under a primary-secondary paradigm, by adopting a model developed by Liu and Berry in 2014. In their model, a primary SP and multiple secondary SPs compete for a common pool of customers using a shared band. In that work, any investments of the SPs was considered sunk, and it was shown that sharing improved both social welfare and consumer welfare over the case where the band was exclusively licensed to one SP. Here, we add an investment stage to this model, in which all of the SPs first decide on an investment level; given their investments, they again compete for customers. We characterize the sub-game perfect equilibrium of the resulting game and characterize the resulting consumer and social welfare. We show that a secondary SP needs a lower investment cost than a primary in order to enter the market. Moreover, at most one secondary SP will enter, even if multiple have low costs. Finally, we show that for large enough bandwidth, assigning the SP with the lower investment cost as the primary can provide more social welfare and consumer welfare than making it a secondary.
{"title":"Investing in shared spectrum","authors":"Chang Liu, Sihua Fu, R. Berry","doi":"10.1109/DySPAN.2017.7920791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DySPAN.2017.7920791","url":null,"abstract":"Sharing spectrum is a promising approach for expanding wireless access and increasing competition among wireless service providers. Indeed, this is a key motivation behind the recent regulations such as those for the 3.5 GHz band in the U.S. However, meeting this promise requires that service providers (SPs) have the incentives to invest in technology to be deployed in shared bands. This is not a forgone conclusion. Indeed by lowering entry barriers, sharing can promote more competition, but this also lowers revenue, making investment less attractive. In this paper, we study such scenarios for band of spectrum that is shared under a primary-secondary paradigm, by adopting a model developed by Liu and Berry in 2014. In their model, a primary SP and multiple secondary SPs compete for a common pool of customers using a shared band. In that work, any investments of the SPs was considered sunk, and it was shown that sharing improved both social welfare and consumer welfare over the case where the band was exclusively licensed to one SP. Here, we add an investment stage to this model, in which all of the SPs first decide on an investment level; given their investments, they again compete for customers. We characterize the sub-game perfect equilibrium of the resulting game and characterize the resulting consumer and social welfare. We show that a secondary SP needs a lower investment cost than a primary in order to enter the market. Moreover, at most one secondary SP will enter, even if multiple have low costs. Finally, we show that for large enough bandwidth, assigning the SP with the lower investment cost as the primary can provide more social welfare and consumer welfare than making it a secondary.","PeriodicalId":221877,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126711012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.1109/DySPAN.2017.7920777
Yining Zhu, R. Berry
Unlicensed access to spectrum has the potential to increase competition in spectrum access and encourage innovations by lowering barriers to entry. However, early provider offering service in such a band might use customer contracts which impose a penalty on customers for switching to other providers as a way of creating new entry barriers. Given such contracts, entrant providers must weigh the likelihood of customers switching to them when deciding how much to invest in the development of new technology. Furthermore, there may be information asymmetries between an entrant and an existing provider with regard to the potential efficiency of any new technology. We use a game theoretic model to study such issues and characterize the resulting impact of contracts on the overall economic welfare.
{"title":"Investment in an unlicensed spectrum market with contracts","authors":"Yining Zhu, R. Berry","doi":"10.1109/DySPAN.2017.7920777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DySPAN.2017.7920777","url":null,"abstract":"Unlicensed access to spectrum has the potential to increase competition in spectrum access and encourage innovations by lowering barriers to entry. However, early provider offering service in such a band might use customer contracts which impose a penalty on customers for switching to other providers as a way of creating new entry barriers. Given such contracts, entrant providers must weigh the likelihood of customers switching to them when deciding how much to invest in the development of new technology. Furthermore, there may be information asymmetries between an entrant and an existing provider with regard to the potential efficiency of any new technology. We use a game theoretic model to study such issues and characterize the resulting impact of contracts on the overall economic welfare.","PeriodicalId":221877,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114915454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-12DOI: 10.1109/DySPAN.2017.7920787
Jeemin Kim, Seung-Woo Ko, Han Cha, Seong-Lyun Kim
Opportunity detection at secondary transmitters (TXs) is a key technique enabling cognitive radio (CR) networks. Such detection however cannot guarantee reliable communication at secondary receivers (RXs), especially when their association distance is long. To cope with the issue, this paper proposes a novel MAC called sense-and-predict (SaP), where each secondary TX decides whether to access or not based on the prediction of the interference level at RX. Firstly, we provide the spatial interference correlation in a probabilistic form using stochastic geometry, and utilize it to maximize the area spectral efficiency (ASE) for secondary networks while guaranteeing the service quality of primary networks. Through simulations and testbed experiments using USRP, SaP is shown to always achieve ASE improvement compared with the conventional TX based sensing.
{"title":"Sense-and-predict: Opportunistic MAC based on spatial interference correlation for cognitive radio networks","authors":"Jeemin Kim, Seung-Woo Ko, Han Cha, Seong-Lyun Kim","doi":"10.1109/DySPAN.2017.7920787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DySPAN.2017.7920787","url":null,"abstract":"Opportunity detection at secondary transmitters (TXs) is a key technique enabling cognitive radio (CR) networks. Such detection however cannot guarantee reliable communication at secondary receivers (RXs), especially when their association distance is long. To cope with the issue, this paper proposes a novel MAC called sense-and-predict (SaP), where each secondary TX decides whether to access or not based on the prediction of the interference level at RX. Firstly, we provide the spatial interference correlation in a probabilistic form using stochastic geometry, and utilize it to maximize the area spectral efficiency (ASE) for secondary networks while guaranteeing the service quality of primary networks. Through simulations and testbed experiments using USRP, SaP is shown to always achieve ASE improvement compared with the conventional TX based sensing.","PeriodicalId":221877,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN)","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129050771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-24DOI: 10.1109/DySPAN.2017.7920773
Pedro J. Bustamante, M. Weiss, D. Sicker
For innovation to be successful, it is necessary for the adequate resources to be readily available. Commonly, resource availability results from significant technical, regulatory and scientific investments. Regulatory bodies, like the Federal Communications Commission, have made significant efforts in order to promote innovation. Innovation comes from entities of different sizes and areas of impact, as well as from commercial to academic objectives.
{"title":"Analysis of the experimental licenses of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)","authors":"Pedro J. Bustamante, M. Weiss, D. Sicker","doi":"10.1109/DySPAN.2017.7920773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DySPAN.2017.7920773","url":null,"abstract":"For innovation to be successful, it is necessary for the adequate resources to be readily available. Commonly, resource availability results from significant technical, regulatory and scientific investments. Regulatory bodies, like the Federal Communications Commission, have made significant efforts in order to promote innovation. Innovation comes from entities of different sizes and areas of impact, as well as from commercial to academic objectives.","PeriodicalId":221877,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN)","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124920755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-09DOI: 10.1109/DYSPAN.2017.7920792
Cheng Chen, R. Berry, M. Honig, V. Subramanian
Small-cell deployment in licensed and unlicensed spectrum is considered to be one of the key approaches to cope with the ongoing wireless data demand explosion. Compared to traditional cellular base stations with large transmission power, small-cells typically have relatively low transmission power, which makes them attractive for some spectrum bands that have strict power regulations, for example, the 3.5GHz band [1]. In this paper we consider a heterogeneous wireless network consisting of one or more service providers (SPs). Each SP operates in both macro-cells and small-cells, and provides service to two types of users: mobile and fixed. Mobile users can only associate with macro-cells whereas fixed users can connect to either macro-or small-cells. The SP charges a price per unit rate for each type of service. Each SP is given a fixed amount of bandwidth and splits it between macro- and small-cells. Motivated by bandwidth regulations, such as those for the 3.5Gz band, we assume a minimum amount of bandwidth has to be set aside for small-cells. We study the optimal pricing and bandwidth allocation strategies in both monopoly and competitive scenarios. In the monopoly scenario the strategy is unique. In the competitive scenario there exists a unique Nash equilibrium, which depends on the regulatory constraints. We also analyze the social welfare achieved, and compare it to that without the small-cell bandwidth constraints. Finally, we discuss implications of our results on the effectiveness of the minimum bandwidth constraint on influencing small-cell deployments.
{"title":"The impact of small-cell bandwidth requirements on strategic operators","authors":"Cheng Chen, R. Berry, M. Honig, V. Subramanian","doi":"10.1109/DYSPAN.2017.7920792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DYSPAN.2017.7920792","url":null,"abstract":"Small-cell deployment in licensed and unlicensed spectrum is considered to be one of the key approaches to cope with the ongoing wireless data demand explosion. Compared to traditional cellular base stations with large transmission power, small-cells typically have relatively low transmission power, which makes them attractive for some spectrum bands that have strict power regulations, for example, the 3.5GHz band [1]. In this paper we consider a heterogeneous wireless network consisting of one or more service providers (SPs). Each SP operates in both macro-cells and small-cells, and provides service to two types of users: mobile and fixed. Mobile users can only associate with macro-cells whereas fixed users can connect to either macro-or small-cells. The SP charges a price per unit rate for each type of service. Each SP is given a fixed amount of bandwidth and splits it between macro- and small-cells. Motivated by bandwidth regulations, such as those for the 3.5Gz band, we assume a minimum amount of bandwidth has to be set aside for small-cells. We study the optimal pricing and bandwidth allocation strategies in both monopoly and competitive scenarios. In the monopoly scenario the strategy is unique. In the competitive scenario there exists a unique Nash equilibrium, which depends on the regulatory constraints. We also analyze the social welfare achieved, and compare it to that without the small-cell bandwidth constraints. Finally, we discuss implications of our results on the effectiveness of the minimum bandwidth constraint on influencing small-cell deployments.","PeriodicalId":221877,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114933654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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