Pub Date : 2005-12-27DOI: 10.1109/SIIT.2005.1563800
P. Gao
Present standardization studies focus on technology from the developed countries. Little is known about the development and implementation of indigenous technology in the developing world. This paper contributes to literature by investigating China's experience of developing and deploying wireless local-area network (WLAN) standards. It describes this standardization process, analyzes the reasons for the failure of China's efforts, and derives conclusions usefulforfuture practice ofstandardization.
{"title":"Elements influencing standardization in developing countries: a case of wireless security standard disputes","authors":"P. Gao","doi":"10.1109/SIIT.2005.1563800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIIT.2005.1563800","url":null,"abstract":"Present standardization studies focus on technology from the developed countries. Little is known about the development and implementation of indigenous technology in the developing world. This paper contributes to literature by investigating China's experience of developing and deploying wireless local-area network (WLAN) standards. It describes this standardization process, analyzes the reasons for the failure of China's efforts, and derives conclusions usefulforfuture practice ofstandardization.","PeriodicalId":22233,"journal":{"name":"The 4th Conference on Standardization and Innovation in Information Technology, 2005.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90881371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-27DOI: 10.1109/SIIT.2005.1563793
K. Blind
This article presents the results of an explorative study for the lifetimes and survival rates of formal standards in telecommunication and information technology. The analysis reveals that the survival rate depends on the dynamic development of technologies and on country-specific characteristics. In a second step, we tried to identify factors influencing the lifetimes of standards. In general, standards replacing an already existing document have an expected survival time compared to documents without a predecessor. Standards with a successor document have, as anticipated, a shorter expected lifetime. Finally, the increased speed of technological change reduces the lifetimes of standards. Based on these first insights, we derive the following recommendations. First, standardisation bodies should adapt their standard maintenance according to the specific requirements of technologies and the related markets, but should also harmonise their processes at the international level in order to avoid frictions for the development of technologies and markets.
{"title":"Factors influencing the lifetime of telecommunication and information technology standards: results of an explorative analysis of the perinorm database","authors":"K. Blind","doi":"10.1109/SIIT.2005.1563793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIIT.2005.1563793","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the results of an explorative study for the lifetimes and survival rates of formal standards in telecommunication and information technology. The analysis reveals that the survival rate depends on the dynamic development of technologies and on country-specific characteristics. In a second step, we tried to identify factors influencing the lifetimes of standards. In general, standards replacing an already existing document have an expected survival time compared to documents without a predecessor. Standards with a successor document have, as anticipated, a shorter expected lifetime. Finally, the increased speed of technological change reduces the lifetimes of standards. Based on these first insights, we derive the following recommendations. First, standardisation bodies should adapt their standard maintenance according to the specific requirements of technologies and the related markets, but should also harmonise their processes at the international level in order to avoid frictions for the development of technologies and markets.","PeriodicalId":22233,"journal":{"name":"The 4th Conference on Standardization and Innovation in Information Technology, 2005.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78581625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-27DOI: 10.1109/SIIT.2005.1563814
J. Winn
Regulatory competition between the US and EU influences the development of the standards that define global ICT networks. Traditional standard-setting organizations that once developed those standards have been marginalized by the rapid pace of innovation in ICT, and informal standard-setting organizations have rushed into the breach. US policy favors informal standard-setting processes and often requires government interests to be subordinated to market outcomes, while EU policy favors formal standard-setting processes and often requires market outcomes to be subordinated to political mandates. In the absence of a universally recognized, formal multilateral system to oversee the development of standards for global ICT networks, the market-oriented, decentralized approach taken by the US may continue to have more impact on future ICT standards than the EU approach. However, a streamlined, reinvigorated version of the EU approach might be more effective than the US approach in promoting the public interest in interoperability against private interests in proprietary technologies and in reducing the risk of market fragmentation in global ICT networks. Regulatory competition among all types of standards authorities is likely to continue for the foreseeable future because multilateral efforts to harmonize standards law and policy will have difficulty succeeding in an environment where standards policy remains closely tied to national or regional cultural values.
{"title":"US and EU regulatory competition in ICT standardization law & policy","authors":"J. Winn","doi":"10.1109/SIIT.2005.1563814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIIT.2005.1563814","url":null,"abstract":"Regulatory competition between the US and EU influences the development of the standards that define global ICT networks. Traditional standard-setting organizations that once developed those standards have been marginalized by the rapid pace of innovation in ICT, and informal standard-setting organizations have rushed into the breach. US policy favors informal standard-setting processes and often requires government interests to be subordinated to market outcomes, while EU policy favors formal standard-setting processes and often requires market outcomes to be subordinated to political mandates. In the absence of a universally recognized, formal multilateral system to oversee the development of standards for global ICT networks, the market-oriented, decentralized approach taken by the US may continue to have more impact on future ICT standards than the EU approach. However, a streamlined, reinvigorated version of the EU approach might be more effective than the US approach in promoting the public interest in interoperability against private interests in proprietary technologies and in reducing the risk of market fragmentation in global ICT networks. Regulatory competition among all types of standards authorities is likely to continue for the foreseeable future because multilateral efforts to harmonize standards law and policy will have difficulty succeeding in an environment where standards policy remains closely tied to national or regional cultural values.","PeriodicalId":22233,"journal":{"name":"The 4th Conference on Standardization and Innovation in Information Technology, 2005.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74495137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-27DOI: 10.1109/SIIT.2005.1563809
M. Sherif, T. Egyedi, K. Jakobs
AbstractIn this paper, we adopt the project management methodology to provide a checklist for managing the risks that could affect the standard development process as well as the quality of the final standard. We show how the adoption of these management techniques can help improve the quality of standards.
{"title":"Standards of quality and quality of standards for telecommunications and information technologies","authors":"M. Sherif, T. Egyedi, K. Jakobs","doi":"10.1109/SIIT.2005.1563809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIIT.2005.1563809","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractIn this paper, we adopt the project management methodology to provide a checklist for managing the risks that could affect the standard development process as well as the quality of the final standard. We show how the adoption of these management techniques can help improve the quality of standards.","PeriodicalId":22233,"journal":{"name":"The 4th Conference on Standardization and Innovation in Information Technology, 2005.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74288223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-27DOI: 10.1109/SIIT.2005.1563797
H. Coenen, Jörg Gröndahl
We analyse coalition formation in standardisation alliances, combining different strands ofstandardisation literature about alliances and incentives to participatiorL Applying the game-theoretic concept of the core we discuss conditions for stable coalitions. For calculating expected payoffs we apply the Shapley value that coincides (for given conflict payoffs) with the Nash-bargaining solution, which is generally acceped as a fair and reasonable solution to bargaining problems. The discussion of the goods character of standards leads to the application of the Holler value which was designed for public goods and does not depend on the grand coaliton being the efficient outcome. Given the characteristic function of the coaliton formation game, the emergence of different alliances can be explained. We provide examples in which the technologicalflexibility of resources shapes the payoffs and thus the resulting standard.
{"title":"Alliance formation in standard setting","authors":"H. Coenen, Jörg Gröndahl","doi":"10.1109/SIIT.2005.1563797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIIT.2005.1563797","url":null,"abstract":"We analyse coalition formation in standardisation alliances, combining different strands ofstandardisation literature about alliances and incentives to participatiorL Applying the game-theoretic concept of the core we discuss conditions for stable coalitions. For calculating expected payoffs we apply the Shapley value that coincides (for given conflict payoffs) with the Nash-bargaining solution, which is generally acceped as a fair and reasonable solution to bargaining problems. The discussion of the goods character of standards leads to the application of the Holler value which was designed for public goods and does not depend on the grand coaliton being the efficient outcome. Given the characteristic function of the coaliton formation game, the emergence of different alliances can be explained. We provide examples in which the technologicalflexibility of resources shapes the payoffs and thus the resulting standard.","PeriodicalId":22233,"journal":{"name":"The 4th Conference on Standardization and Innovation in Information Technology, 2005.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85923373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-27DOI: 10.1109/SIIT.2005.1563808
S. Schade, Peter Buxmann
This paper addresses the standardization problem using recently published improved mathematical models. We have integrated these new models into a simulation tool capable to support standardization decision, as a basis forfurther research in this field In addition, general statements about optimality of standardization decisions are presented. These statements result from simulations of centrally coordinated standardization problems performed with the prototype.
{"title":"A prototype to analyze and support standardization decisions","authors":"S. Schade, Peter Buxmann","doi":"10.1109/SIIT.2005.1563808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIIT.2005.1563808","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the standardization problem using recently published improved mathematical models. We have integrated these new models into a simulation tool capable to support standardization decision, as a basis forfurther research in this field In addition, general statements about optimality of standardization decisions are presented. These statements result from simulations of centrally coordinated standardization problems performed with the prototype.","PeriodicalId":22233,"journal":{"name":"The 4th Conference on Standardization and Innovation in Information Technology, 2005.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72611462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-27DOI: 10.1109/SIIT.2005.1563806
K. Krechmer
Standards are fundamental to any rigorous form of communications and are used in every civilization. Given that mathematics provides a rigorous way to understand very basic phenomena, this paper explores the mathematical basis of standards. Five successions of standards are identified from pre-history to the present and mathematical models of each are presented. These mathematical models more rigorously define the standards successions proposed. The impact of these standard successions on existing standardization issues is examined. he ubiquity of technical standards in all human societies argues for a rigorous understanding - why are standards necessary? At SIIT 2001, Krechmer (2001) proposed to answer this question using set theory and information theory. The current paper builds on that paper. It develops a philosophical basis for technical standards, models the mathematical relationship between standards and entropy, and identifies five successions of standards. The term "standard" often refers to published documents or the output of specific standardization committees. This is an application view of standards. This paper focuses on a conceptual view of standards. A standard is defined as: A codification for a society of the constraints used for one or more comparisons between implementations. This definition is taken from Krechmer, 2005 which discusses prior definitions of standards and the rational behind this definition. Standardization is the term used to refer to the application of creating, implementing or using a standard. This paper concludes by using the new conceptual models of standards to better comprehend the impact of standardization on society and technology.
{"title":"The mathematical basis of standards","authors":"K. Krechmer","doi":"10.1109/SIIT.2005.1563806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIIT.2005.1563806","url":null,"abstract":"Standards are fundamental to any rigorous form of communications and are used in every civilization. Given that mathematics provides a rigorous way to understand very basic phenomena, this paper explores the mathematical basis of standards. Five successions of standards are identified from pre-history to the present and mathematical models of each are presented. These mathematical models more rigorously define the standards successions proposed. The impact of these standard successions on existing standardization issues is examined. he ubiquity of technical standards in all human societies argues for a rigorous understanding - why are standards necessary? At SIIT 2001, Krechmer (2001) proposed to answer this question using set theory and information theory. The current paper builds on that paper. It develops a philosophical basis for technical standards, models the mathematical relationship between standards and entropy, and identifies five successions of standards. The term \"standard\" often refers to published documents or the output of specific standardization committees. This is an application view of standards. This paper focuses on a conceptual view of standards. A standard is defined as: A codification for a society of the constraints used for one or more comparisons between implementations. This definition is taken from Krechmer, 2005 which discusses prior definitions of standards and the rational behind this definition. Standardization is the term used to refer to the application of creating, implementing or using a standard. This paper concludes by using the new conceptual models of standards to better comprehend the impact of standardization on society and technology.","PeriodicalId":22233,"journal":{"name":"The 4th Conference on Standardization and Innovation in Information Technology, 2005.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80993117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-27DOI: 10.1109/SIIT.2005.1563796
K. Brzezinski
Network operators are an important class of active users of telecommunications standards. They specify and co-design complex systems based on procured implementations of standardized protocols and services. However, unlike equipment manufacturers and testers, the Operators have been almost neglected by the standards their complex, expensive and error-prone task of developing Operator Requirements is still performed using ad hoc methods and is not directly supported by any specific part of a standard. Having spotted this deficiency, we propose that standards be extended with a new, focused part, called Embedded Capability Relations, that would constitute a common base for individual Operator Requirements. We present the rationale for introducing yet another part of a standard A concrete notation for ECRs / ORs is proposed and its features are discussed in the context of current paradigms and guidelines concerning theformulation of standards.
{"title":"Embedded capability relations to aid the industrial usability of telecommunications standards","authors":"K. Brzezinski","doi":"10.1109/SIIT.2005.1563796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIIT.2005.1563796","url":null,"abstract":"Network operators are an important class of active users of telecommunications standards. They specify and co-design complex systems based on procured implementations of standardized protocols and services. However, unlike equipment manufacturers and testers, the Operators have been almost neglected by the standards their complex, expensive and error-prone task of developing Operator Requirements is still performed using ad hoc methods and is not directly supported by any specific part of a standard. Having spotted this deficiency, we propose that standards be extended with a new, focused part, called Embedded Capability Relations, that would constitute a common base for individual Operator Requirements. We present the rationale for introducing yet another part of a standard A concrete notation for ECRs / ORs is proposed and its features are discussed in the context of current paradigms and guidelines concerning theformulation of standards.","PeriodicalId":22233,"journal":{"name":"The 4th Conference on Standardization and Innovation in Information Technology, 2005.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91273380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-27DOI: 10.1109/SIIT.2005.1563807
Marc Rysman, Timothy S. Simcoe
This paper measures the technological significance of voluntary standard setting organizations (SSOs) by examining citations to patents disclosed in the standard setting process. We find that SSO patents are cited far more frequently than a set of control patents, and that SSO patents receive citations for a much longer period of time. Furthermore, we find a significant correlation between citation and the disclosure of a patent to an SSO, which may imply a marginal impact of disclosure. These results provide the first empirical look at patents disclosed to SSOs, and show that these organizations not only select important technologies, but may also play a role in establishing their significance.
{"title":"Evaluating the performance of standard setting organizations with patent data","authors":"Marc Rysman, Timothy S. Simcoe","doi":"10.1109/SIIT.2005.1563807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIIT.2005.1563807","url":null,"abstract":"This paper measures the technological significance of voluntary standard setting organizations (SSOs) by examining citations to patents disclosed in the standard setting process. We find that SSO patents are cited far more frequently than a set of control patents, and that SSO patents receive citations for a much longer period of time. Furthermore, we find a significant correlation between citation and the disclosure of a patent to an SSO, which may imply a marginal impact of disclosure. These results provide the first empirical look at patents disclosed to SSOs, and show that these organizations not only select important technologies, but may also play a role in establishing their significance.","PeriodicalId":22233,"journal":{"name":"The 4th Conference on Standardization and Innovation in Information Technology, 2005.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86466487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-27DOI: 10.1109/SIIT.2005.1563805
K. Jakobs
The paper presents and discusses a case study on the implementation ofan IEEE 802.11based wireless LAN at Aachen University. The environment is presented, as well as the standard WLAN technology being installed. Experiences and lessons learned so far will be described based desk research and on a number of interviews. A particularfocus will be on the problems and issues encountered which are rooted in the dynamic nature of standards, implementations, and installations. RWTH's rather individualistic approach towards achieving interoperability will be describedL
{"title":"Installation of an IEEE 802.11 WLAN in a large university setting","authors":"K. Jakobs","doi":"10.1109/SIIT.2005.1563805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIIT.2005.1563805","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents and discusses a case study on the implementation ofan IEEE 802.11based wireless LAN at Aachen University. The environment is presented, as well as the standard WLAN technology being installed. Experiences and lessons learned so far will be described based desk research and on a number of interviews. A particularfocus will be on the problems and issues encountered which are rooted in the dynamic nature of standards, implementations, and installations. RWTH's rather individualistic approach towards achieving interoperability will be describedL","PeriodicalId":22233,"journal":{"name":"The 4th Conference on Standardization and Innovation in Information Technology, 2005.","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83968321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：