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MILCOM 2005 - 2005 IEEE Military Communications Conference最新文献

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IEEE 802.11g tolerance to narrowband jamming IEEE 802.11g窄带干扰容忍
Pub Date : 2005-10-17 DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.2005.1605938
Kari Pietikäinen, A. Silvennoinen, M. Hall, S. Häggman
In this paper, the operation of an IEEE 802.11g wireless local area network (WLAN) system under the influence of narrowband interference is investigated. The IEEE 802.11g WLAN is defined to operate in the 2.4 GHz license free frequency band. Three different WLAN interface cards with different transceiver chipsets is were evaluated in laboratory environment. The performance was measured in a packet error rate as a function of signal to jamming ratio. The results show that narrow-band interference has a significant impact on the performance of an OFDM based system. It is possible to deteriorate the connection even with relatively low interfering signal power levels for some of the vendor cards. The interfered subchannel choice has an influence on the effectiveness of the jamming
本文研究了IEEE 802.11g无线局域网(WLAN)系统在窄带干扰影响下的运行。IEEE 802.11g无线局域网被定义为工作在2.4 GHz免license频段。在实验室环境下对三种不同收发芯片的无线局域网接口卡进行了测试。性能以包错误率作为信号干扰比的函数来衡量。研究结果表明,窄带干扰对OFDM系统的性能有重要影响。对于某些供应商的卡,即使具有相对较低的干扰信号功率水平,也有可能使连接恶化。干扰子信道的选择直接影响干扰效果
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引用次数: 10
Asymptotic connectivity of low duty-cycled wireless sensor networks 低占空比无线传感器网络的渐近连通性
Pub Date : 2005-10-17 DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.2005.1606034
Dongsook Kim, Chih-fan Hsin, M. Liu
In this paper we study the asymptotic connectivity of a low duty-cycled wireless sensor network, where all sensors are randomly duty-cycled such that they are on/active at any time with a fixed probability. A wireless network is often said to be asymptotically connected if there exists a path from every node to every other node in the network with high probability as the network density approaches infinity. Within the context of a low duty-cycled wireless sensor network, the network is said to be asymptotically connected if for all realizations of the random duty-cycling (i.e., the combination of on and off nodes) there exists a path of active nodes from every node to every other node in the network with high probability as the network density approaches infinity. With this definition, we derive conditions under which a low duty-cycled sensor network is asymptotically connected. These conditions essentially specify how the nodes' communication range and the duty-cycling probability should scale as the network grows in order to maintain connectivity
本文研究了低占空比无线传感器网络的渐近连通性,其中所有传感器都是随机占空比的,使得它们在任何时候都以固定的概率处于打开/活动状态。当网络密度趋近于无穷大时,一个无线网络中的每个节点都有一条高概率的路径到达另一个节点,那么这个网络通常被称为是渐近连接的。在低占空比的无线传感器网络中,如果对于随机占空比的所有实现(即开节点和关节点的组合),当网络密度趋近于无穷大时,存在一条高概率从网络中的每个节点到其他每个节点的活动节点路径,则网络被称为渐近连接。利用这个定义,我们导出了低占空比传感器网络渐近连接的条件。这些条件本质上规定了节点的通信范围和占空比概率应该如何随着网络的增长而扩大,以保持连通性
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引用次数: 11
Geographic On-Demand Disjoint Multipath Routing in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks 无线自组织网络中的地理按需不相交多路径路由
Pub Date : 2005-10-17 DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.2005.1605843
K. Zeng, K. Ren, W. Lou
Multipath routing in ad hoc networks is a challenging problem. In this paper, we present a new approach to the problem of finding multiple disjoint paths (both edge-disjoint and node-disjoint) in ad hoc networks. Most existing multipath routing protocols are based on AODV or DSR and compute multiple paths with a single route discovery process via a network-wide flooding, which takes a substantial amount of network bandwidth. When node's geographic information is available, routing discovery flooding can be substituted by unicasts and then the routing overhead can be reduced. We propose a Geography based Ad hoc On demand Disjoint Multipath (GAODM) routing protocol in wireless ad hoc networks. Our protocol combines the idea behind the distributed push-relabel algorithm in a flow network with nodes' geographic information in the ad hoc networks. Instead of a blind flooding, an informed and independent unicast decision is made by each node so that the traffic flow for the route discovery is efficiently directed towards the destination. We compare our protocols with AODV and AOMDV. The simulation result shows that 1) GAODM has better ability of finding more disjoint paths than AOMDV, especially when nodes are further apart; 2) GAODM finds shorter paths (in terms of hop count) than AODV and AOMDV due to the use of nodes' geographic information; 3) GAODM incurs much less route discovery overhead than AODV and AOMDV because of the substitution of unicasts for blind flooding.
自组织网络中的多路径路由是一个具有挑战性的问题。本文提出了一种求解自组织网络中多条不相交路径(边不相交和节点不相交)问题的新方法。大多数现有的多路径路由协议都是基于AODV或DSR,通过网络范围内的泛洪,通过单个路由发现过程计算多条路径,这需要大量的网络带宽。当节点的地理信息可用时,可以用单播代替路由发现泛洪,从而减少路由开销。提出了一种基于地理的无线自组网按需分离多路径路由协议。我们的协议将流网络中的分布式推送-重新标签算法与自组织网络中节点的地理信息相结合。代替盲目泛洪,每个节点做出一个知情和独立的单播决策,以便有效地将用于路由发现的交通流引导到目的地。我们将我们的协议与AODV和AOMDV进行比较。仿真结果表明:1)与AOMDV相比,GAODM具有更好的发现更多不相交路径的能力,特别是当节点距离较远时;2)由于使用了节点的地理信息,GAODM比AODV和AOMDV找到更短的路径(以跳数计);3)与AODV和AOMDV相比,GAODM产生的路由发现开销要小得多,因为它用单播代替了盲泛洪。
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引用次数: 28
Identifying vulnerabilities of quantum cryptography in secure optical data transport 量子密码在安全光数据传输中的漏洞识别
Pub Date : 2005-10-17 DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.2005.1606087
S. Kartalopoulos
The last two decades have witnessed an exciting advanced research field that stems from non-classical atomic theory, the quantum mechanics. This research promises an interesting applicability in computation, known as quantum computation, and also in secure data communications, known as quantum cryptography. Quantum cryptography capitalizes on the inherent random polarization state of single photons, which are associated with binary logic values. Because the polarization state of a photon is not reproducible by an eavesdropper between the source and the destination, polarized photons are used with an intelligent algorithm to disseminate the cryptographic key with high security from the source to the destination, a process known as quantum key distribution. However, although the polarization state of a photon remains intact in free-space propagation, it does not remain so in dielectric medium and thus quantum cryptography is not problem-free. In this paper we review quantum cryptography and we identify the various steps in the quantum key identification process. We then analyze and discuss issues related to quantum key distribution that rise in pragmatic fiber-optic transmission and in communication network topologies. In addition, we identify a major weakness of the method that is prone to attacking and which incapacitates quantum cryptography in fiber communications.
过去二十年见证了一个令人兴奋的先进研究领域,它源于非经典原子理论——量子力学。这项研究有望在计算(称为量子计算)和安全数据通信(称为量子密码学)方面具有有趣的适用性。量子密码学利用了单光子固有的随机偏振态,它与二进制逻辑值相关联。由于窃听者无法在源和目标之间复制光子的偏振状态,因此利用偏振光子与智能算法将具有高安全性的加密密钥从源传播到目标,这一过程称为量子密钥分发。然而,尽管光子的偏振态在自由空间传播中保持不变,但在介电介质中却并非如此,因此量子密码术并非没有问题。在本文中,我们回顾了量子密码学,并确定了量子密钥识别过程中的各个步骤。然后,我们分析和讨论与量子密钥分配有关的问题,这些问题在实用的光纤传输和通信网络拓扑中出现。此外,我们还确定了该方法的一个主要弱点,即容易受到攻击,并使光纤通信中的量子加密失效。
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引用次数: 14
Performance study of RSS-based location estimation techniques for wireless sensor networks 基于rss的无线传感器网络位置估计技术性能研究
Pub Date : 2005-10-17 DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.2005.1605820
Xinrong Li
Most sensors are event-driven and wireless sensor networks are mostly used for monitoring purposes in environmental monitoring, structural monitoring, and military battleground and public safety applications. As a result, there is a need to quickly and accurately pin-point a sensor's location when it detects an emergent event. Since sensor networks are severely resource-constrained due to various physical and environmental constraints, including miniature size, limited battery power, and limited communicational and computational capacity, a low-complexity location estimation technique is needed. Several received-signal-strength (RSS) based techniques have been proposed as a low-cost, low-complexity solution for location estimation in wireless sensor networks, including the basic RSS location estimator and the RSS-UDPG location estimator in our earlier study, which jointly estimates location coordinates and the parameter of channel model, i.e., the distance-power gradient. In this paper we present a comparative study of these two location estimators based on computer simulations. It is shown that when the channel model is assumed known a priori, the two estimators have comparable performance, but RSS-UDPG is strongly preferred when the prior estimate of the channel model is inaccurate or when the channel characteristics tend to change, either accidentally or seasonally
大多数传感器是事件驱动的,无线传感器网络主要用于环境监测、结构监测、军事战场和公共安全应用中的监测目的。因此,当传感器检测到紧急事件时,需要快速准确地定位传感器的位置。由于各种物理和环境的限制,包括微型尺寸、有限的电池电量、有限的通信和计算能力,传感器网络受到严重的资源限制,因此需要一种低复杂度的位置估计技术。几种基于接收信号强度(RSS)的技术作为一种低成本、低复杂度的无线传感器网络位置估计解决方案已经被提出,包括我们之前研究的基本RSS位置估计器和RSS- udpg位置估计器,它们联合估计位置坐标和信道模型参数,即距离-功率梯度。本文在计算机仿真的基础上对这两种位置估计方法进行了比较研究。结果表明,当信道模型先验已知时,两种估计器具有相当的性能,但当信道模型的先验估计不准确或信道特性倾向于意外或季节性变化时,RSS-UDPG是强烈首选
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引用次数: 31
Turbo-NFSK: iterative estimation, noncoherent demodulation, and decoding for fast fading channels Turbo-NFSK:快速衰落信道的迭代估计、非相干解调和解码
Pub Date : 2005-10-17 DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.2005.1606148
S. Cheng, M. Valenti, D. Torrieri
This paper considers the problem of communicating over fast fading channels, where the channel coherence time is only on the order of a few symbols. Since the fading is too fast for coherent reception, we employ M-ary frequency shift keying with soft noncoherent demodulation. Information is encoded by a binary turbo code. To improve performance, the soft demodulator and decoder work cooperatively through the iterative exchange of extrinsic information. During each iteration, the receiver estimates the channel state information (CSI), here defined to be the average received signal energy and noise spectral density for each block of symbols. The channel estimator uses the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm and exploits extrinsic information fed from the decoder. Simulation results show that for 16-NFSK in block independent Rayleigh fading, performance can be within 0.6 dB of the perfect CSI case by using blocks as small as 4 symbols.
本文研究了在快速衰落信道上通信的问题,其中信道相干时间仅在几个符号的量级上。由于衰落速度太快,无法进行相干接收,我们采用了带有软非相干解调的m频移键控。信息由二进制turbo码编码。为了提高性能,软解调器和解码器通过外部信息的迭代交换协同工作。在每次迭代中,接收机估计信道状态信息(CSI),这里定义为每个符号块的平均接收信号能量和噪声谱密度。信道估计器采用期望最大化(EM)算法,并利用解码器提供的外部信息。仿真结果表明,对于16-NFSK在独立于块的瑞利衰落情况下,使用小至4个符号的块,性能可以在完美CSI情况下的0.6 dB以内。
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引用次数: 15
Information extraction from sensor nodes using air-borne radar and back-scatter modulation 基于机载雷达和后向散射调制的传感器节点信息提取
Pub Date : 2005-10-17 DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.2005.1605876
S. V. Vanjari, J. Krogmeier, Mark R. Bell
Radar imaging is a powerful tool in remote sensing due to its ability to image vast areas with high resolution. However, the ability to sense a particular parameter depends on the extent to which the parameter affects the reflected microwave radiation. In this respect, multi-functional sensor nodes offer an immense potential to sense environmental parameters which cannot be directly sensed by radar imaging techniques. With this motivation, we develop techniques to collect information at an air-borne radar from a large group of sensor nodes. Back-scatter modulation is used on the sensors. The techniques utilize synthetic aperture radar (SAR) processing to resolve responses from multiple sensors and to simultaneously obtain a geographic map of the sensor locations. Sensor and clutter returns are separated by utilizing the ability of the sensors to modulate the radar return. The sensor modulation is structured such that sensor and clutter returns can be separated in the spatial frequency domain
雷达成像是一种强大的遥感工具,因为它能够以高分辨率成像大面积区域。然而,感知特定参数的能力取决于该参数对反射微波辐射的影响程度。在这方面,多功能传感器节点提供了巨大的潜力来感知雷达成像技术无法直接感知的环境参数。有了这个动机,我们开发了一种技术,在机载雷达上从一大组传感器节点收集信息。传感器采用后向散射调制。该技术利用合成孔径雷达(SAR)处理来解析来自多个传感器的响应,并同时获得传感器位置的地理地图。利用传感器调制雷达回波的能力将传感器回波和杂波回波分离开来。传感器调制的结构使得传感器回波和杂波回波可以在空间频域中分离
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引用次数: 0
Internet emergency alert system 互联网紧急警报系统
Pub Date : 2005-10-17 DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.2005.1606109
P. Verma, D. Verma
The emergency alert system available on television and radio media provides an effective means for dissipating information to the general population during emergencies. Demographic studies in the United States have shown an increasing trend towards the use of Internet by general population, and point to the fact that increased Internet usage is associated with decreased time on television and radio. Since there is no equivalent of the TV and radio emergency alert system on the Internet, a significant fraction of the population may be left without prompt information in the case of an emergency. In this paper, we explore the various options for designing an emergency alert system for users in Internet. We address the operational and technical challenges associated with each option, present alternative designs for an Internet emergency alert system, and compare the relative merits of the different approaches.
在电视和广播媒体上提供的紧急警报系统是在紧急情况下向一般民众传播信息的有效手段。美国的人口统计研究表明,普通民众使用互联网的趋势日益增加,并指出互联网使用的增加与看电视和听广播的时间减少有关。由于互联网上没有类似的电视和无线电紧急警报系统,因此在紧急情况下,很大一部分人口可能得不到及时的信息。本文探讨了为互联网用户设计紧急警报系统的各种方案。我们解决了与每个选项相关的操作和技术挑战,提出了互联网紧急警报系统的备选设计,并比较了不同方法的相对优点。
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引用次数: 6
Phased array performance characteristics and compliance with SATCOM military standards 相控阵性能特点和符合SATCOM军用标准
Pub Date : 2005-10-17 DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.2005.1605921
P. Bocon, T. McGree, J. Renfro
The initiative to reduce military platform signature has encouraged the consideration of phased arrays as viable alternatives to traditional reflector-based communication antennas. Phased arrays enhance a military platform's mission effectiveness not only by providing reduced radar cross section (RCS) relative to reflector-based implementations, but also by adding increased flexibility via simultaneous multi-beam operation, increased mean time between failure (MTBF), and increased operational availability resulting from graceful degradation. This paper discusses phased array antenna principles with respect to military communication system applications. Specifically, consideration of phased array antenna performance parameters as they relate to existing governing standards for satellite communications is explored. These standards implicitly assume a scan invariant reflector-based implementation. Examples of scan dependent phased array antenna performance parameters include antenna gain, sidelobes, cross-polarization isolation and instantaneous bandwidth. Performance versus implementation complexity with respect to these parameters is discussed
减少军事平台信号的倡议鼓励考虑相控阵作为传统基于反射器的通信天线的可行替代品。相控阵增强了军事平台的任务效率,不仅提供了相对于基于反射器实现的更小的雷达横截面(RCS),而且通过同时多波束操作增加了灵活性,增加了平均故障间隔时间(MTBF),增加了优雅退化导致的操作可用性。本文讨论了相控阵天线在军事通信系统中的应用原理。具体来说,考虑相控阵天线的性能参数,因为它们涉及到现有的管理标准的卫星通信进行了探讨。这些标准隐式地假设了基于扫描不变性反射器的实现。与扫描相关的相控阵天线性能参数包括天线增益、副瓣、交叉极化隔离和瞬时带宽。对这些参数的性能与实现复杂性进行了讨论
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引用次数: 5
MUOS communications infrastructure demonstration network and encryption-based applications MUOS通信基础设施演示网络和基于加密的应用
Pub Date : 2005-10-17 DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.2005.1606074
J. Capulli, J. Pio, B. Burson, J. Dingess, D. Enriquez, D. Long
The Navy's Mobile User Objective System (MUOS) program is the next-generation UHF satellite communications system for the US Department of Defense. General Dynamics and Ericsson Inc. (as part of the Lockheed Martin (LM) team) has-for the Component Advanced Development (CAD) phase of the program-installed a 3G (third generation) cellular "trial system", that was used as a testbed for demonstrations of MUOS communications services. To support the MUOS communication demonstrations, a global telecommunications network was constructed interconnecting several system nodes in the continental United States, as well as the global DSN (defense switched network), PSTN and two satellite systems. The heart of the system resides in Scottsdale, Arizona, and consists of two trailers that contain the core network (CN) and radio access network (RAN) of the "trial system". Three radio base stations (RJBS) were connected to the radio network controller (RNC) in the RAN to allow users to communicate wirelessly and securely through the cellular system to other wireless users, DSN phones, PSTN phones, Navy legacy communication systems, public internet, plus public and private servers. The Lockheed-Martin/General Dynamics Team won this competition, and has recently completed the integrated baseline review. The team is now working on implementing the MUOS Program.
美国海军的移动用户目标系统(MUOS)项目是美国国防部的下一代超高频卫星通信系统。通用动力公司和爱立信公司(作为洛克希德·马丁公司(LM)团队的一部分)已经为该计划的组件高级开发(CAD)阶段安装了3G(第三代)蜂窝“试验系统”,该系统被用作演示MUOS通信服务的测试平台。为了支持MUOS通信演示,构建了一个全球电信网络,将美国大陆的几个系统节点以及全球DSN(国防交换网络)、PSTN和两个卫星系统互连起来。该系统的核心位于亚利桑那州的斯科茨代尔,由两个拖车组成,其中包含“试验系统”的核心网(CN)和无线接入网(RAN)。三个无线基站(RJBS)连接到RAN中的无线网络控制器(RNC),允许用户通过蜂窝系统与其他无线用户、DSN电话、PSTN电话、海军传统通信系统、公共互联网以及公共和专用服务器进行无线和安全通信。洛克希德-马丁公司/通用动力公司团队赢得了这场竞赛,最近完成了综合基线审查。该团队目前正致力于实施MUOS计划。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
MILCOM 2005 - 2005 IEEE Military Communications Conference
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