Pub Date : 2021-02-19DOI: 10.1163/26662531_00201_017
Tommaso Natoli
Since its first edition held in 1876, the International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent (IC) represents a unique event in the constantly changing humanitarian landscape. All the most relevant and urgent humanitarian challenges of the last 144 years have been addressed by its miscellaneous (but equally standing) participants, namely the states parties to the Geneva Conventions (currently numbering 196), the National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (currently numbering 192), the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC).1 In modern times, the usually quadrennial event is also regularly attended by numerous observer organisations – with no right to vote – but interested in the debated topics or with working relations with the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (the Movement).2
{"title":"The 33rd International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent (2019)","authors":"Tommaso Natoli","doi":"10.1163/26662531_00201_017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26662531_00201_017","url":null,"abstract":"Since its first edition held in 1876, the International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent (IC) represents a unique event in the constantly changing humanitarian landscape. All the most relevant and urgent humanitarian challenges of the last 144 years have been addressed by its miscellaneous (but equally standing) participants, namely the states parties to the Geneva Conventions (currently numbering 196), the National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (currently numbering 192), the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC).1 In modern times, the usually quadrennial event is also regularly attended by numerous observer organisations – with no right to vote – but interested in the debated topics or with working relations with the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (the Movement).2","PeriodicalId":224172,"journal":{"name":"Yearbook of International Disaster Law Online","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121511882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-19DOI: 10.1163/26662531_00201_033
Diego Zannoni
The aim of this analysis is to describe and assess developments and initiatives concerning disasters which took place in 2019 in the outer space legal arena. The focus will be on three distinct but connected issues: the use of outer space for the prevention and management of disasters on Earth; outer space as the place where disasters may occur due to the increasing congestion of orbits around Earth with space debris; and outer space as a potential source of disaster, i.e. the threat posed by asteroids crossing Earth’s trajectory. Our attention will focus on the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) which, in its annual reports, constantly addresses these issues.
{"title":"Space Law (2019)","authors":"Diego Zannoni","doi":"10.1163/26662531_00201_033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26662531_00201_033","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this analysis is to describe and assess developments and initiatives concerning disasters which took place in 2019 in the outer space legal arena. The focus will be on three distinct but connected issues: the use of outer space for the prevention and management of disasters on Earth; outer space as the place where disasters may occur due to the increasing congestion of orbits around Earth with space debris; and outer space as a potential source of disaster, i.e. the threat posed by asteroids crossing Earth’s trajectory. Our attention will focus on the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) which, in its annual reports, constantly addresses these issues.","PeriodicalId":224172,"journal":{"name":"Yearbook of International Disaster Law Online","volume":"46 11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114077988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-19DOI: 10.1163/26662531_00201_019
N. Orago
Africa and MENA regions continue to experience extreme weather events resulting from climate change. Regional institutions and countries have developed legal, policy and institutional frameworks to deal with these challenges as discussed in Volume 1 of this Yearbook.1 In this 2nd Volume, we look at the progressive development of these legal frameworks in 2019 and how they have been used to respond to natural disasters in 2019.
{"title":"Africa and MENA Regions (2019)","authors":"N. Orago","doi":"10.1163/26662531_00201_019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26662531_00201_019","url":null,"abstract":"Africa and MENA regions continue to experience extreme weather events resulting from climate change. Regional institutions and countries have developed legal, policy and institutional frameworks to deal with these challenges as discussed in Volume 1 of this Yearbook.1 In this 2nd Volume, we look at the progressive development of these legal frameworks in 2019 and how they have been used to respond to natural disasters in 2019.","PeriodicalId":224172,"journal":{"name":"Yearbook of International Disaster Law Online","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123798642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-19DOI: 10.1163/26662531_00201_022
M. Mollar
Concerning the activities of Organization of American States (OAS), in June 2019 the OAS General Assembly adopted its resolution 2939, related to ‘Advancing Hemispheric Initiatives on Integral Development’.1 Through this resolution, the General Assembly, regarding the strategic line: ‘strengthening the implementation of sustainable development goals in accordance with the inter-American program for sustainable development (PIDS) 2016–2021’, instructed the Executive Secretariat for Integral Development (SEDI) to present to the Inter-American Council for Integral Development (CIDI), before the end of 2019, a proposal to streamline and strengthen the OAS’ tools and entities that support cooperation and dialogue on disaster risk management in the Americas, taking into account the objectives and strategic actions of the PIDS. Such proposal should be developed in coordination with the relevant areas of the OAS and the corresponding organs and entities of the inter-American system, and be aligned with global efforts on these topics according to national and regional contexts, and its potential implementation will be subject to the availability of financial resources in the program budget of the organisation and other resources. The proposal should be focused on the exchange of best practices, experiences, and lessons learned in thematic areas such as: the design of public policies to improve disaster risk management, institutional strengthening, and capacity building, as well as those seeking to improve mediumand long-term recovery and reconstruction efforts in the hemisphere. In addition, SEDI should present an annual report to a joint session of the CIDI and the
{"title":"South America (2019)","authors":"M. Mollar","doi":"10.1163/26662531_00201_022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26662531_00201_022","url":null,"abstract":"Concerning the activities of Organization of American States (OAS), in June 2019 the OAS General Assembly adopted its resolution 2939, related to ‘Advancing Hemispheric Initiatives on Integral Development’.1 Through this resolution, the General Assembly, regarding the strategic line: ‘strengthening the implementation of sustainable development goals in accordance with the inter-American program for sustainable development (PIDS) 2016–2021’, instructed the Executive Secretariat for Integral Development (SEDI) to present to the Inter-American Council for Integral Development (CIDI), before the end of 2019, a proposal to streamline and strengthen the OAS’ tools and entities that support cooperation and dialogue on disaster risk management in the Americas, taking into account the objectives and strategic actions of the PIDS. Such proposal should be developed in coordination with the relevant areas of the OAS and the corresponding organs and entities of the inter-American system, and be aligned with global efforts on these topics according to national and regional contexts, and its potential implementation will be subject to the availability of financial resources in the program budget of the organisation and other resources. The proposal should be focused on the exchange of best practices, experiences, and lessons learned in thematic areas such as: the design of public policies to improve disaster risk management, institutional strengthening, and capacity building, as well as those seeking to improve mediumand long-term recovery and reconstruction efforts in the hemisphere. In addition, SEDI should present an annual report to a joint session of the CIDI and the","PeriodicalId":224172,"journal":{"name":"Yearbook of International Disaster Law Online","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124963490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-19DOI: 10.1163/26662531_00201_036
N. Clark
{"title":"Diego Zannoni, ‘Disaster Management and International Space Law’ (Brill 2019), xii, 297 pages, ISBN 978-90-04-38835-2 (hardback)","authors":"N. Clark","doi":"10.1163/26662531_00201_036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26662531_00201_036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":224172,"journal":{"name":"Yearbook of International Disaster Law Online","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128669325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-19DOI: 10.1163/26662531_00201_029
S. Gambardella
The evolution of international environmental law has been profoundly affected by a number of disasters. After the Chernobyl accident in 1986, for example, two international conventions were adopted: The Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident and the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency. Similarly, the Torrey Canyon accident and the subsequent oil spill led to the establishment of the International Oil Pollution Compensation Funds (IOPC Funds) and the adoption of the 1969 International Convention on Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Oil Pollution Casualties. There are many illustrations of this international environmental law adopted in response to disasters. However, international environmental law has not only developed in the aftermath of disasters. Numerous texts of international environmental law have been adopted to prevent such events, such as the Vienna Convention on the Protection of the Ozone Layer and the Convention on Biological Diversity. Based on the observation that a disaster risk could occur, States have anticipated their occurrence by concluding an agreement. Certain texts, such as the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer adopted following the Vienna Convention, have made it possible to prevent disasters from occurring. On 15 October 2016, the States Parties to the Montreal Protocol had adopted the Kigali Amendment for the phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons. Although hydrofluorocarbons are not ozone-depleting substances, they are gases that can contribute to global warming. The Kigali Amendment entered into force on 1 January 2019, which will contribute to the 2°C objective of the Paris Agreement.1 For other conventions, the results are more contrasted. For example, the two-degree objective set by the Paris Agreement seems completely unrealistic today, given the lack of ambition of the voluntary commitments
{"title":"International Environmental Law (2019)","authors":"S. Gambardella","doi":"10.1163/26662531_00201_029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26662531_00201_029","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of international environmental law has been profoundly affected by a number of disasters. After the Chernobyl accident in 1986, for example, two international conventions were adopted: The Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident and the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency. Similarly, the Torrey Canyon accident and the subsequent oil spill led to the establishment of the International Oil Pollution Compensation Funds (IOPC Funds) and the adoption of the 1969 International Convention on Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Oil Pollution Casualties. There are many illustrations of this international environmental law adopted in response to disasters. However, international environmental law has not only developed in the aftermath of disasters. Numerous texts of international environmental law have been adopted to prevent such events, such as the Vienna Convention on the Protection of the Ozone Layer and the Convention on Biological Diversity. Based on the observation that a disaster risk could occur, States have anticipated their occurrence by concluding an agreement. Certain texts, such as the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer adopted following the Vienna Convention, have made it possible to prevent disasters from occurring. On 15 October 2016, the States Parties to the Montreal Protocol had adopted the Kigali Amendment for the phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons. Although hydrofluorocarbons are not ozone-depleting substances, they are gases that can contribute to global warming. The Kigali Amendment entered into force on 1 January 2019, which will contribute to the 2°C objective of the Paris Agreement.1 For other conventions, the results are more contrasted. For example, the two-degree objective set by the Paris Agreement seems completely unrealistic today, given the lack of ambition of the voluntary commitments","PeriodicalId":224172,"journal":{"name":"Yearbook of International Disaster Law Online","volume":"383 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124760948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-19DOI: 10.1163/26662531_00201_038
{"title":"Bibliographical Index of International Disaster Law (2019)","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/26662531_00201_038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26662531_00201_038","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":224172,"journal":{"name":"Yearbook of International Disaster Law Online","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133034031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-19DOI: 10.1163/26662531_00201_018
Emika Tokunaga
{"title":"Asia (2019)","authors":"Emika Tokunaga","doi":"10.1163/26662531_00201_018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26662531_00201_018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":224172,"journal":{"name":"Yearbook of International Disaster Law Online","volume":"219 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122909478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-19DOI: 10.1163/26662531_00201_023
W. John Hopkins
{"title":"Pacific (2019)","authors":"W. John Hopkins","doi":"10.1163/26662531_00201_023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26662531_00201_023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":224172,"journal":{"name":"Yearbook of International Disaster Law Online","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131139156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-19DOI: 10.1163/26662531_00201_024
S. Kirchner
The polar regions, both the Arctic and Antarctica, are characterized by harsh climates and very low population densities, with Antarctica only being a temporary home for researchers and other staff. Especially the Arctic is undergoing rapid changes, due to both climate change and globalization. Increasing economic activities in the Arctic, such as tourism or the extraction of hydrocarbons, lead to increasing risks for disasters which can affect both local residents, including the many indigenous communities of the Arctic, as well as visitors.1 At the time of writing, in late January 2020, the rapid spread of the novel coronavirus from the Chinese city of Wuhan has already had a serious economic impact on the tourism industry in the continental European Arctic. Faced with new kinds of threats, decision-makers on different levels have to respond to the risk of disasters in a challenging climatic and economic environment. Often, such responses will require international cooperation. The eight Arctic states, Canada, the United States of America (with regard to Alaska), Denmark (with regard to Greenland), Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland and the Russian Federation, are parties to the Arctic Search and Rescue Agreement (Arctic SAR Agreement),2 which has provided a framework for cross-border cooperation since it entered into force in 2013. The Arctic SAR Agreement had been created under the auspices of the Arctic Council, the key forum for international cooperation in the Arctic.3 The importance of cross-border cooperation can also be seen in the recent work of the Arctic Council concerning the Agreement on Cooperation on Marine Oil Pollution Preparedness and
{"title":"Polar Regions (2019)","authors":"S. Kirchner","doi":"10.1163/26662531_00201_024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26662531_00201_024","url":null,"abstract":"The polar regions, both the Arctic and Antarctica, are characterized by harsh climates and very low population densities, with Antarctica only being a temporary home for researchers and other staff. Especially the Arctic is undergoing rapid changes, due to both climate change and globalization. Increasing economic activities in the Arctic, such as tourism or the extraction of hydrocarbons, lead to increasing risks for disasters which can affect both local residents, including the many indigenous communities of the Arctic, as well as visitors.1 At the time of writing, in late January 2020, the rapid spread of the novel coronavirus from the Chinese city of Wuhan has already had a serious economic impact on the tourism industry in the continental European Arctic. Faced with new kinds of threats, decision-makers on different levels have to respond to the risk of disasters in a challenging climatic and economic environment. Often, such responses will require international cooperation. The eight Arctic states, Canada, the United States of America (with regard to Alaska), Denmark (with regard to Greenland), Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland and the Russian Federation, are parties to the Arctic Search and Rescue Agreement (Arctic SAR Agreement),2 which has provided a framework for cross-border cooperation since it entered into force in 2013. The Arctic SAR Agreement had been created under the auspices of the Arctic Council, the key forum for international cooperation in the Arctic.3 The importance of cross-border cooperation can also be seen in the recent work of the Arctic Council concerning the Agreement on Cooperation on Marine Oil Pollution Preparedness and","PeriodicalId":224172,"journal":{"name":"Yearbook of International Disaster Law Online","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134096744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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