The Brown University Child & Adolescent Psychopharmacology Update最新文献

While it's tempting to let drug users — including young adults and adolescents — use in solitude (out of sight, in other words), bear in mind one thing: as unpleasant as it sounds, having naloxone on hand and knowing your teen is using drugs can save his or her life, if someone is there when the drug is administered.

A new message from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) encourages primary care providers to prescribe medication — primarily, buprenorphine — for opioid use disorder (OUD) “with confidence.” In the missive, subtitled “Patients with opioid use disorder need you,” the FDA noted that more than 6 million people age 12 or older have an OUD. Below is the FDA statement.

There are widespread concerns about the influence of social media on the mental health of adolescents, but the backdrop to this is that most research has not looked at clinical groups, but only the general population. For this study, research reviewed the literature to look at the association between social media use and internalizing symptoms — anxiety and depression. They found that clinical, as against community, samples show an increased risk of internalizing symptoms related to social media use, and that this is correlated with the amount of time spent on social media.

A recent study looked closely at the chronic use of marijuana by adolescents, and found that there is a causal connection to psychosis. In the study by veteran cannabis researcher Jasmin Hurd, M.D. and colleagues, the study, “The developmental trajectory to cannabis use disorder” (to be published in the May issue of the American Journal of Psychiatry), senior author Hurd, working with lead author Jess Hinckley, M.D, an adolescent psychiatrist at Mt. Sinai Hospital in New York City, looked at the many harms of cannabis use to young people who are still developing.

Semaglutide belongs to a class of medications known as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. It mimics the GLP-1 hormone that is released in the gastrointestinal tract in response to eating. One role of GLP-1 is to prompt the body to produce more insulin, which reduces blood glucose (sugar). GLP-1 in higher amounts also interacts with the parts of the brain that reduce appetite and signal a feeling of fullness.

Your idea of “rapid” may be different from that of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), which funded a study showing that it is possible to start patients on injectable, extended-release naltrexone (trade name Vivitrol) within five to seven days after they stop opioid use — and called that “rapid initiation.” But it's all relative. The standard treatment method was within 10–15 days, according to NIDA. The new finding shortens that painful period.

Mechanisms linking childhood short sleep duration with later psychosis are not well known, but inflammation has recently been suggested as a mediating factor. Researchers looked at this closely for a recent study using longitudinal data from a major cohort study, and found that there was an association between elevated interleukin in childhood and psychosis at age 24.

The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) has a new study underway, designed to look at how environmental exposures, especially to opioids and other drugs, affect infant and child brain development. The HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study recruits pregnant women to study their infants from birth. NIDA is conducting this study as part of the multi-agency Helping to End Addiction Long-term (HEAL) Initiative of the National Institutes of Health.